---
title: "Rhine-Ruhr — research institutions and their papers"
description: "Rhine-Ruhr (Germany): 8 institutions with papers on Elamur Research — 5 universities, 2 labs and research institutes, 1 company — and 15,319 citations of…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/"
---
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[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [institutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/) / [agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/) / Rhine-Ruhr

# Rhine-Ruhr

Agglomeration [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/) · metro population 10,862,819 (the Dortmund functional urban area, GHSL 2015)

**8** institutions with a page**45** works in our library**15,319** citations of their works

## Institutions (8)

5 universities, 2 labs and research institutes, 1 company.

### 🎓 Universities (5)

1. **[TU Dortmund University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/tu-dortmund-university/)**University · Dortmund, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*5 works · 9,745 citations*
2. **[Ruhr University Bochum](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/ruhr-university-bochum/)**University · Bochum, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*19 works · 1,147 citations*
3. **[Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/heinrich-heine-university-dusseldorf/)**University · Düsseldorf, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*12 works · 846 citations*
4. **[University of Cologne](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-cologne/)**University · Cologne, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*3 works · 303 citations*
5. **[University of Bonn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-bonn/)**University · Bonn, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*3 works · 2,145 citations*

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes (2)

1. **[Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/fraunhofer-institute-for-intelligent-analysis-and-information-systems/)**Research institute · Sankt Augustin, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*3 works · 270 citations*
2. **[Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/max-planck-institute-for-security-and-privacy/)**Research institute · Bochum, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*2 works · 476 citations*

### 🏢 Companies (1)

1. **[Bayer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/bayer/)**Company · Leverkusen, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*2 works · 387 citations*

## Works in our library (45)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**Text Categorization with Support Vector Machines: Learning with Many Relevant Features**Thorsten Joachims*1998 · 8,304 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/joachims-1998-text-categorization-support-vector-machines/)
2. [**Knowledge Graphs**Aidan Hogan, Eva Blomqvist, Michael Cochez, et al.*2020 · 2,011 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hogan-2020-knowledge-graphs/)
3. [**Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometric**Matthias Fey, Jan Eric Lenssen*2019 · 1,413 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fey-2019-fast-graph-representation-learning-pytorch/)
4. [**Unsupervised Multilingual Sentence Boundary Detection**Tibor Kiss, Jan Strunk*2006 · 523 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kiss-2006-unsupervised-multilingual-sentence-boundary-detection/)
5. [**Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language Processing**Quentin Lhoest, Albert Villanova del Moral, Yacine Jernite, et al.*2021 · 358 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lhoest-2021-datasets-community-library-natural-language/)
6. [**Findings of the VarDial Evaluation Campaign 2017**Marcos Zampieri, Shervin Malmasi, Nikola Ljubešić, et al.*2017 · 261 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zampieri-2017-findings-vardial-evaluation-campaign/)
7. [**Overview of the SPMRL 2013 Shared Task: A Cross-Framework Evaluation of Parsing Morphologically Rich Languages**Djamé Seddah, Reut Tsarfaty, Sandra Kübler, et al.*2013 · 244 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/seddah-2013-overview-spmrl-2013-shared-task/)
8. [**Factuality Challenges in the Era of Large Language Models**Isabelle Augenstein, Timothy Baldwin, Meeyoung Cha, et al.*2023 · 241 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/augenstein-2023-factuality-challenges-era-large-language/)
9. [**Humanity's Last Exam**Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, et al.*2025 · 235 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/phan-2025-humanity-s-last-exam/)
10. [**The PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions**Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Cordeiro, et al.*2017 · 205 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/savary-2017-parseme-shared-task-automatic-identification/)
11. [**Is Reinforcement Learning (Not) for Natural Language Processing: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Building Blocks for Natural Language Policy Optimization**Rajkumar Ramamurthy, Prithviraj Ammanabrolu, Kiante Brantley, et al.*2022 · 166 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramamurthy-2022-reinforcement-learning-natural-language-processing/)
12. [**Raising and resolving issues with scalar modifiers**Elizabeth Coppock, Thomas Brochhagen*2013 · 133 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/coppock-2013-raising-resolving-issues-scalar-modifiers/)
13. [**A Retrospective Analysis of the Fake News Challenge Stance-Detection Task**Andreas Hanselowski, Avinesh PVS, Benjamin Schiller, et al.*2018 · 132 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hanselowski-2018-retrospective-analysis-fake-news-challenge/)
14. [**Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions**Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, et al.*2018 · 124 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2018-edition-1-1-parseme-shared/)
15. [**Tokenizer Choice For LLM Training: Negligible or Crucial?**Mehdi Ali, Michael Fromm, Klaudia Thellmann, et al.*2024 · 102 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ali-2024-tokenizer-choice-llm-training-negligible/)
16. [**Annotation of Information Structure: an Evaluation across different Types of Texts**Julia Ritz, Stefanie Dipper, Michael Götze*2008 · 86 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ritz-2008-annotation-information-structure-evaluation-across/)
17. [**Anaphora Resolution with the ARRAU Corpus**Massimo Poesio, Yulia Grishina, Varada Kolhatkar, et al.*2018 · 81 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/poesio-2018-anaphora-resolution-arrau-corpus/)
18. [**A Neural Architecture for Dialectal Arabic Segmentation**Younes Samih, Mohammed Attia, Mohamed Eldesouki, et al.*2017 · 70 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/samih-2017-neural-architecture-dialectal-arabic-segmentation/)
19. [**Rule-Based Normalization of Historical Texts**Marcel Bollmann, Florian Petran, Stefanie Dipper*2011 · 51 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bollmann-2011-rule-based-normalization-historical-texts/)
20. [**Anaphora With Non-nominal Antecedents in Computational Linguistics: a Survey**Varada Kolhatkar, Adam Roussel, Stefanie Dipper, et al.*2018 · 51 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kolhatkar-2018-survey-anaphora-non-nominal-antecedents/)
21. [**Learning attention for historical text normalization by learning to pronounce**Marcel Bollmann, Joachim Bingel, Anders Søgaard*2017 · 47 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bollmann-2017-learning-attention-historical-text-normalization/)
22. [**A Few Topical Tweets are Enough for Effective User Stance Detection**Younes Samih, Kareem Darwish*2021 · 40 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/samih-2021-few-topical-tweets-are-enough/)
23. [**POS Tagging for Historical Texts with Sparse Training Data**Marcel Bollmann*2013 · 32 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bollmann-2013-pos-tagging-historical-texts-sparse/)
24. [**Deciphering Undersegmented Ancient Scripts Using Phonetic Prior**Jiaming Luo, Frederik Hartmann, Enrico Santus, et al.*2021 · 29 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/luo-2021-deciphering-undersegmented-ancient-scripts-phonetic/)
25. [**The syntax of comparison constructions in diachronic and dialectal perspective**Agnes Jäger*2019 · 27 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jager-2019-syntax-comparison-constructions-diachronic-dialectal/)

[See all 45 works →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/works/)

## Works by year

### 2020s

[**2026** 5 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2026/) · [**2025** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2025/) · [**2024** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2024/) · [**2023** 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2023/) · [**2022** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2022/) · [**2021** 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2021/) · [**2020** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2020/)

### 2010s

[**2019** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2019/) · [**2018** 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2018/) · [**2017** 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2017/) · [**2016** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2016/) · [**2014** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kiss-2014-building-reference-lexicon-countability-english/) · [**2013** 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2013/) · [**2012** 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/essen/year/2012/) · [**2011** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bollmann-2011-rule-based-normalization-historical-texts/)

### 2000s

[**2008** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ritz-2008-annotation-information-structure-evaluation-across/) · [**2006** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kiss-2006-unsupervised-multilingual-sentence-boundary-detection/) · [**2004** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/holler-2004-exploiting-coreference-annotations-text-hypertext/)

### 1990s

[**1998** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/joachims-1998-text-categorization-support-vector-machines/)

## Concepts, shelves and topics

Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them.

💡 Concepts 3[Subword tokenization · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/subword-tokenization/) · [Ontology engineering · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/ontology-engineering/) · [Cognitive linguistics · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/cognitive-linguistics/)

📚 Shelves 13[Linguistics & languages · 35 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Computing & GPUs · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computing/) · [Other · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/other/) · [AI & machine learning · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/ai/) · [Natural language processing · 12 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/) · [English · 14 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/en/) · [Mathematics & statistics · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [Machine translation · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) · [Semitic languages · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/sem/) · [History & humanities · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/history/) · [Machine translation · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mtrans/) · [Ancient Hebrew · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/hbo/) · [Aramaic · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arc/)

🧭 Topics 19[Knowledge graphs & ontologies · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/knowledge-graphs/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Coreference resolution · 5 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Language models & pretraining · 6 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Sentiment & emotion · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Tokenization & segmentation · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/tokenization/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) · [Semitic languages · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Treebanks · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/) · [Part-of-speech tagging · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/part-of-speech-tagging/) · [Morphology · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/) · [Historical linguistics & language change · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-change/) · [Discourse analysis · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/)+4 more

Agglomerations: the GHSL Urban Centre Database 2025; populations: the GHSL functional urban areas 2015 (urban centre and commuting zone), else the urban centre, as each page says (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, CC BY 4.0). An institution belongs to the urban centre its coordinates (ROR, OpenAlex) fall in, or one within 5 km. Land: Natural Earth.

- [← back to](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/) — Germany

Updated 23 October 2026