---
title: "Greater Boston — research institutions and their papers"
description: "Greater Boston (United States): 21 institutions with papers on Elamur Research — 10 universities, 4 labs and research institutes, 3 companies, 4…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/"
---
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[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [institutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/) / [agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/) / Greater Boston

# Greater Boston

Agglomeration [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/) · metro population 8,466,186 (US Census, Boston-Worcester-Providence CSA, 2020)

**21** institutions with a page**357** works in our library**238,200** citations of their works

## Institutions (21)

10 universities, 4 labs and research institutes, 3 companies, 4 hospitals and medical centres.

### 🎓 Universities (10)

1. **[Massachusetts Institute of Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/)**University · Cambridge, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*159 works · 65,157 citations*
2. **[Brown University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/brown-university/)**University · Providence, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*58 works · 25,310 citations*
3. **[Harvard University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/harvard-university/)**University · Cambridge, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*73 works · 37,309 citations*
4. **[Northeastern University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/northeastern-university/)**University · Boston, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*28 works · 6,164 citations*
5. **[Brandeis University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/brandeis-university/)**University · Waltham, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*30 works · 5,497 citations*
6. **[University of Massachusetts Lowell](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-massachusetts-lowell/)**University · Lowell, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*8 works · 3,758 citations*
7. **[Boston University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/boston-university/)**University · Boston, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*10 works · 3,261 citations*
8. **[Tufts University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/tufts-university/)**University · Medford, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*5 works · 380 citations*
9. **[Boston College](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/boston-college/)**University · Boston, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*2 works · 14 citations*
10. **[Bentley University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bentley-university/)**University · Waltham, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*2 works · 3 citations*

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes (4)

1. **[MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mit-computer-science-and-artificial-intelligence-laboratory/)**Research institute · Cambridge, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*54 works · 29,441 citations*
2. **[MIT Media Lab](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mit-media-lab/)**Research institute · Cambridge, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*2 works · 776 citations*
3. **[Broad Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/broad-institute/)**Research institute · Cambridge, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*2 works · 38,884 citations*
4. **[McGovern Institute for Brain Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mcgovern-institute-for-brain-research/)**Research institute · Cambridge, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*3 works · 282 citations*

### 🏢 Companies (3)

1. **[Mitre](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/mitre/)**Company · Bedford, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*5 works · 2,347 citations*
2. **[Skyworks Solutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/skyworks-solutions/)**Company · Woburn, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*2 works · 118 citations*
3. **[Nuance Communications](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/nuance-communications-united-states/)**Company · Burlington, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*3 works · 142 citations*

### 🏥 Hospitals and medical centres (4)

1. **[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/beth-israel-deaconess-medical-center/)**Hospital · Boston, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*2 works · 11,930 citations*
2. **[Massachusetts General Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/massachusetts-general-hospital/)**Hospital · Boston, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*3 works · 5,412 citations*
3. **[Boston Children's Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/boston-children-s-hospital/)**Hospital · Boston, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*5 works · 662 citations*
4. **[Brigham and Women's Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/brigham-and-women-s-hospital/)**Hospital · Boston, [United States](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/)*2 works · 1,353 citations*

## Works in our library (357)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**SciPy 1.0 — Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python arXiv:1907.10121 (Nature Methods 17, 261 (2020))**Pauli Virtanen, Ralf Gommers, Travis E. Oliphant, et al.*2019 · 38,317 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/virtanen-2019-scipy-1-0-fundamental-algorithms/)
2. **[MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/johnson-2016-mimic-iii-freely-accessible-critical/) [Scientific Data](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/scientific-data/)**Alistair E. W. Johnson, Tom Pollard, Lu Shen, et al.*2016 · 8,544 citations*
3. [**Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models PLOS Digital Health**Tiffany H. Kung, Morgan Cheatham, Arielle Medenilla, et al.*2023 · 4,168 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kung-2023-performance-chatgpt-usmle-potential-ai/)
4. **[MIMIC-IV, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/johnson-2023-mimic-iv-freely-accessible-electronic/) [Scientific Data](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/scientific-data/)**Alistair E. W. Johnson, Lucas Bulgarelli, Lu Shen, et al.*2023 · 3,386 citations*
5. [**Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books arXiv:1506.06724**Yukun Zhu, Ryan Kiros, Richard Zemel, et al.*2015 · 3,051 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhu-2015-aligning-books-movies-towards-story/)
6. **[OpenNMT: Open-Source Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/klein-2017-opennmt-open-source-toolkit-neural/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Guillaume Klein, Yoon Kim, Yuntian Deng, et al.*2017 · 2,469 citations*
7. **[Statistical Significance Tests for Machine Translation Evaluation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/koehn-2004-statistical-significance-tests-machine-translation/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Philipp Koehn*2004 · 2,444 citations*
8. **[A Primer in BERTology: What We Know About How BERT Works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rogers-2020-primer-bertology-what-we-know/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Anna Rogers, Olga Kovaleva, Anna Rumshisky*2020 · 2,134 citations*
9. [**Centering: A Framework for Modeling the Local Coherence of Discourse**Barbara J. Grosz, Aravind K. Joshi, Scott Weinstein*1995 · 2,103 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/grosz-1995-centering-framework-modeling-local-coherence/)
10. [**Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings arXiv:1607.06520**Tolga Bolukbasi, Kai-Wei Chang, James Zou, et al.*2016 · 2,050 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bolukbasi-2016-man-computer-programmer-woman-homemaker/)
11. **[A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/charniak-2000-maximum-entropy-inspired-parser/) [Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/anlp/)**Eugene Charniak*2000 · 2,050 citations*
12. **[BERT Rediscovers the Classical NLP Pipeline](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tenney-2019-bert-rediscovers-classical-nlp-pipeline/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Ian Tenney, Dipanjan Das, Ellie Pavlick*2019 · 2,002 citations*
13. [**Head-Driven Statistical Models for Natural Language Parsing**Michael Collins*2003 · 2,001 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/collins-2003-head-driven-statistical-models-natural/)
14. **[Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Few-shot Learners](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gao-2021-making-pre-trained-language-models/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Tianyu Gao, Adam Fisch, Danqi Chen*2021 · 1,963 citations*
15. **[Character-Aware Neural Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kim-2015-character-aware-neural-language-models/) [Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/)**Yoon Kim, Yacine Jernite, David Sontag, et al.*2015 · 1,860 citations*
16. [**Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attacks arXiv:1706.06083**Aleksander Madry, Aleksandar Makelov, Ludwig Schmidt, et al.*2017 · 1,788 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/madry-2017-towards-deep-learning-models-resistant/)
17. [**Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inference**R. Thomas McCoy, Ellie Pavlick, Tal Linzen*2019 · 1,635 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mccoy-2019-right-wrong-reasons-diagnosing-syntactic/)
18. [**Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization arXiv:2110.08207**Victor Sanh, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, et al.*2021 · 1,581 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sanh-2021-multitask-prompted-training-enables-zero/)
19. **[Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing via Large Pre-Trained Language Models: A Survey](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/min-2021-recent-advances-natural-language-processing/) [ACM Computing Surveys](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-computing-surveys/)**Bonan Min, Hayley Ross, Elior Sulem, et al.*2021 · 1,552 citations*
20. **[ChatGPT Outperforms Crowd-Workers for Text-Annotation Tasks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gilardi-2023-chatgpt-outperforms-crowd-workers-text/) [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences/)**Fabrizio Gilardi, Meysam Alizadeh, Maël Kubli*2023 · 1,533 citations*
21. **[GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infilling](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/du-2022-glm-general-language-model-pretraining/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Zhengxiao Du, Yujie Qian, Xiao Liu, et al.*2022 · 1,452 citations*
22. **[Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kim-2016-sequence-level-knowledge-distillation/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Yoon Kim, Alexander M. Rush*2016 · 1,445 citations*
23. **[Is BERT Really Robust? A Strong Baseline for Natural Language Attack on Text Classification and Entailment](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jin-2019-bert-really-robust-strong-baseline/) [Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/)**Di Jin, Zhijing Jin, Joey Tianyi Zhou, et al.*2019 · 1,326 citations*
24. [**Coarse-to-Fine n-Best Parsing and MaxEnt Discriminative Reranking**Eugene Charniak, Mark Johnson*2005 · 1,312 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/charniak-2005-coarse-fine-n-best-parsing/)
25. [**Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddings arXiv:1904.03323**Emily Alsentzer, John R. Murphy, Willie Boag, et al.*2019 · 1,226 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alsentzer-2019-publicly-available-clinical-bert-embeddings/)

[See all 357 works in Greater Boston →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/works/)

## Works by year

### 2020s

[**2026** 12 works Works of Greater Boston from 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2026/) · [**2025** 4 works Works of Greater Boston from 2025](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2025/) · [**2024** 21 works Works of Greater Boston from 2024](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2024/) · [**2023** 41 works Works of Greater Boston from 2023](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2023/) · [**2022** 20 works Works of Greater Boston from 2022](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2022/) · [**2021** 29 works Works of Greater Boston from 2021](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2021/) · [**2020** 31 works Works of Greater Boston from 2020](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2020/)

### 2010s

[**2019** 40 works Works of Greater Boston from 2019](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2019/) · [**2018** 23 works Works of Greater Boston from 2018](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2018/) · [**2017** 14 works Works of Greater Boston from 2017](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2017/) · [**2016** 19 works Works of Greater Boston from 2016](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2016/) · [**2015** 8 works Works of Greater Boston from 2015](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2015/) · [**2014** 11 works Works of Greater Boston from 2014](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2014/) · [**2013** 4 works Works of Greater Boston from 2013](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2013/) · [**2012** 5 works Works of Greater Boston from 2012](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2012/) · [**2011** 4 works Works of Greater Boston from 2011](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2011/) · [**2010** 4 works Works of Greater Boston from 2010](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2010/)

### 2000s

[**2009** 3 works Works of Greater Boston from 2009](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2009/) · [**2008** 7 works Works of Greater Boston from 2008](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2008/) · [**2007** 6 works Works of Greater Boston from 2007](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2007/) · [**2006** 6 works Works of Greater Boston from 2006](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2006/) · [**2005** 8 works Works of Greater Boston from 2005](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2005/) · [**2004** 7 works Works of Greater Boston from 2004](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2004/) · [**2003** 2 works Works of Greater Boston from 2003](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2003/) · [**2002** 6 works Works of Greater Boston from 2002](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2002/) · [**2001** 3 works Works of Greater Boston from 2001](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2001/) · [**2000** 3 works Works of Greater Boston from 2000](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/2000/)

### 1990s

[**1999** 3 works Works of Greater Boston from 1999](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/1999/) · [**1998** 1 work Works of Greater Boston from 1998](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/johnson-1998-pcfg-models-linguistic-tree-representations/) · [**1996** 2 works Works of Greater Boston from 1996](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/1996/) · [**1995** 2 works Works of Greater Boston from 1995](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/1995/) · [**1994** 2 works Works of Greater Boston from 1994](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/1994/) · [**1993** 1 work Works of Greater Boston from 1993](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chen-1993-aligning-sentences-bilingual-corpora-lexical/) · [**1990** 4 works Works of Greater Boston from 1990](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/greater-boston/year/1990/)

### 1980s

[**1988** 1 work Works of Greater Boston from 1988](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/derose-1988-grammatical-category-disambiguation-statistical-optimization/)

## Fields, topics and concepts

Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

📚 Shelves 48 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Computer Science · 347 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Artificial Intelligence · 342 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 332 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Language and Linguistics · 332 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 37 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computer-vision-and-pattern-recognition/) · [Social Sciences · 20 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/) · [Mathematics · 10 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [Computational Theory and Mathematics · 10 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computational-theory-and-mathematics/) · [Psychology · 24 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/) · [Safety Research · 12 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/safety-research/) · [Decision Sciences · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/decision-sciences/) · [Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · 14 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/) · [Molecular Biology · 14 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/molecular-biology/) · [Information Systems and Management · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/decision-sciences/information-systems-and-management/) · [Information Systems · 11 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/information-systems/)+33 more

🧭 Topics 49 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Language models & pretraining · 57 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [English · 40 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/) · [Machine translation · 21 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Reasoning · 25 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks · 18 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Coreference resolution · 16 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP · 15 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Sentiment & emotion · 13 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms · 8 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) · [Discourse analysis · 14 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Summarization · 5 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/summarization/) · [Bias, fairness & safety · 9 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/) · [Semantic parsing & meaning representation · 9 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-parsing/) · [Question answering · 7 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/question-answering/) · [Dependency parsing · 8 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dependency-parsing/)+34 more

💡 Concepts 20 Key ideas and methods explained on our concept pages.[Coreference resolution · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/coreference-resolution/) · [BLEU score · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/bleu/) · [Word embeddings · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/word-embeddings/) · [Language model · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/language-model/) · [Context-free grammar · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/context-free-grammar/) · [Semantic parsing · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/semantic-parsing/) · [Discourse analysis · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/discourse-analysis/) · [Dependency parsing · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/dependency-parsing/) · [Psycholinguistics · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/psycholinguistics/) · [Lexical semantics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/lexical-semantics/) · [Knowledge representation and reasoning · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/knowledge-representation/) · [Subword tokenization · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/subword-tokenization/) · [Named entity recognition · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/named-entity-recognition/) · [Corpus linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/corpus-linguistics/) · [Semantic similarity · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/semantic-similarity/)+5 more

Agglomerations: the GHSL Urban Centre Database 2025; populations: the GHSL functional urban areas 2015 (urban centre and commuting zone), else the urban centre, as each page says (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, CC BY 4.0). An institution belongs to the urban centre its coordinates (ROR, OpenAlex) fall in, or one within 5 km. Land: Natural Earth.

- [← back to](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/) — United States

Updated 24 October 2026