---
title: "Rhine-Ruhr — research institutions and their papers in our library"
description: "Rhine-Ruhr (Germany): 12 institutions with papers on Elamur Research — 7 universities, 4 labs and research institutes, 1 company — and…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [institutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/) / [agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/) / Rhine-Ruhr

# Rhine-Ruhr

Agglomeration [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/) · metro population 10,862,819 (the Dortmund functional urban area, GHSL 2015)

**12** institutions with a page**98** works in our library**23,619** citations of their works

## Institutions (12)

7 universities, 4 labs and research institutes, 1 company.

### 🎓 Universities (7)

1. **[TU Dortmund University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/tu-dortmund-university/)**University · Dortmund, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*7 works · 9,785 citations*
2. **[Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/heinrich-heine-university-dusseldorf/)**University · Düsseldorf, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*34 works · 1,487 citations*
3. **[Ruhr University Bochum](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/ruhr-university-bochum/)**University · Bochum, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*27 works · 1,189 citations*
4. **[University of Bonn](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-bonn/)**University · Bonn, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*10 works · 5,751 citations*
5. **[University of Cologne](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-cologne/)**University · Cologne, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*9 works · 407 citations*
6. **[FernUniversität in Hagen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/fernuniversitat-in-hagen/)**University · Hagen, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*2 works · 43 citations*
7. **[University of Duisburg-Essen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-duisburg-essen/)**University · Essen, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*3 works · 48 citations*

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes (4)

1. **[Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/fraunhofer-institute-for-intelligent-analysis-and-information-systems/)**Research institute · Sankt Augustin, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*9 works · 3,875 citations*
2. **[Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/lamarr-institute-for-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence/)**Research institute · Sankt Augustin, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*6 works · 121 citations*
3. **[Bonn Aachen International Center for Information Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/bonn-aachen-international-center-for-information-technology/)**Research institute · Bonn, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*2 works · 13 citations*
4. **[Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/max-planck-institute-for-security-and-privacy/)**Research institute · Bochum, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*3 works · 499 citations*

### 🏢 Companies (1)

1. **[Bayer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/bayer/)**Company · Leverkusen, [Germany](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/)*4 works · 401 citations*

## Works in our library (98)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. **[Text Categorization with Support Vector Machines: Learning with Many Relevant Features](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/joachims-1998-text-categorization-support-vector-machines/) [Lecture notes in computer science](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lecture-notes-in-computer-science/)**Thorsten Joachims*1998 · 8,315 citations*
2. **[DBpedia – A Large-scale, Multilingual Knowledge Base Extracted from Wikipedia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lehmann-2015-dbpedia-large-scale-multilingual-knowledge/) [Semantic Web](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semantic-web/)**Jens Lehmann, Robert Isele, Max Jakob, et al.*2015 · 3,577 citations*
3. **[Knowledge Graphs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hogan-2020-knowledge-graphs/) [ACM Computing Surveys](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-computing-surveys/)**Aidan Hogan, Eva Blomqvist, Michael Cochez, et al.*2020 · 2,014 citations*
4. [**Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometric arXiv:1903.02428**Matthias Fey, Jan Eric Lenssen*2019 · 1,440 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fey-2019-fast-graph-representation-learning-pytorch/)
5. [**Unsupervised Multilingual Sentence Boundary Detection**Tibor Kiss, Jan Strunk*2006 · 523 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kiss-2006-unsupervised-multilingual-sentence-boundary-detection/)
6. [**Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language Processing arXiv:2109.02846**Quentin Lhoest, Albert Villanova del Moral, Yacine Jernite, et al.*2021 · 368 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lhoest-2021-datasets-community-library-natural-language/)
7. **[Findings of the VarDial Evaluation Campaign 2017](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zampieri-2017-findings-vardial-evaluation-campaign/) [Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/vardial/)**Marcos Zampieri, Shervin Malmasi, Nikola Ljubešić, et al.*2017 · 261 citations*
8. **[Humanity's Last Exam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/phan-2025-humanity-s-last-exam/) [Nature](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/nature/)**Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, et al.*2025 · 256 citations*
9. **[Overview of the SPMRL 2013 Shared Task: A Cross-Framework Evaluation of Parsing Morphologically Rich Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/seddah-2013-overview-spmrl-2013-shared-task/) [Workshop on Statistical Parsing of Morphologically-Rich Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/workshop-on-statistical-parsing-of-morphologically-rich-languages/)**Djamé Seddah, Reut Tsarfaty, Sandra Kübler, et al.*2013 · 245 citations*
10. **[Factuality Challenges in the Era of Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/augenstein-2023-factuality-challenges-era-large-language/) [Nature Machine Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/nature-machine-intelligence/)**Isabelle Augenstein, Timothy Baldwin, Meeyoung Cha, et al.*2023 · 243 citations*
11. **[SemEval-2018 Task 7: Semantic Relation Extraction and Classification in Scientific Papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gabor-2018-semeval-2018-task-7-semantic/) [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/)**Kata Gábor, Davide Buscaldi, Anne-Kathrin Schumann, et al.*2018 · 216 citations*
12. **[The PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/savary-2017-parseme-shared-task-automatic-identification/) [Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/mwe/)**Agata Savary, Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Cordeiro, et al.*2017 · 205 citations*
13. [**Is Reinforcement Learning (Not) for Natural Language Processing: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Building Blocks for Natural Language Policy Optimization arXiv:2210.01241**Rajkumar Ramamurthy, Prithviraj Ammanabrolu, Kiante Brantley, et al.*2022 · 174 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramamurthy-2022-reinforcement-learning-natural-language-processing/)
14. **[A Retrospective Analysis of the Fake News Challenge Stance-Detection Task](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hanselowski-2018-retrospective-analysis-fake-news-challenge/) [International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/)**Andreas Hanselowski, Avinesh PVS, Benjamin Schiller, et al.*2018 · 134 citations*
15. [**Raising and resolving issues with scalar modifiers**Elizabeth Coppock, Thomas Brochhagen*2013 · 133 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/coppock-2013-raising-resolving-issues-scalar-modifiers/)
16. **[Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2018-edition-1-1-parseme-shared/) [International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/)**Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, et al.*2018 · 124 citations*
17. **[Tokenizer Choice For LLM Training: Negligible or Crucial?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ali-2024-tokenizer-choice-llm-training-negligible/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Mehdi Ali, Michael Fromm, Klaudia Thellmann, et al.*2024 · 104 citations*
18. **[Annotation of Information Structure: an Evaluation across different Types of Texts](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ritz-2008-annotation-information-structure-evaluation-across/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Julia Ritz, Stefanie Dipper, Michael Götze*2008 · 86 citations*
19. **[Data-Driven Parsing using Probabilistic Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kallmeyer-2013-data-driven-parsing-probabilistic-linear/) [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/)**Laura Kallmeyer, Wolfgang Maier*2013 · 83 citations*
20. **[Anaphora Resolution with the ARRAU Corpus](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/poesio-2018-anaphora-resolution-arrau-corpus/) [Workshop on Computational Models of Reference, Anaphora and Coreference (CRAC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/crac/)**Massimo Poesio, Yulia Grishina, Varada Kolhatkar, et al.*2018 · 81 citations*
21. [**A Neural Architecture for Dialectal Arabic Segmentation**Younes Samih, Mohammed Attia, Mohamed Eldesouki, et al.*2017 · 71 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/samih-2017-neural-architecture-dialectal-arabic-segmentation/)
22. **[PLCFRS Parsing of English Discontinuous Constituents](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/evang-2011-plcfrs-parsing-english-discontinuous-constituents/) [International Conference on Parsing Technologies and the IWPT Shared Task on Parsing into Enhanced Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/iwpt/)**Kilian Evang, Laura Kallmeyer*2011 · 69 citations*
23. **[Multi-Dialect Arabic POS Tagging: A CRF Approach](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/darwish-2018-multi-dialect-arabic-pos-tagging/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Kareem Darwish, Hamdy Mubarak, Ahmed Abdelali, et al.*2018 · 57 citations*
24. **[Arabic Dialect Identification Using iVectors and ASR Transcripts](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/malmasi-2017-arabic-dialect-identification-ivectors-asr/) [Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/vardial/)**Shervin Malmasi, Marcos Zampieri*2017 · 53 citations*
25. **[Improved Spelling Error Detection and Correction for Arabic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/attia-2012-improved-spelling-error-detection-correction/) [International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/)**Mohammed Attia, Pavel Pecina, Younes Samih, et al.*2012 · 51 citations*

[See all 98 works in Rhine-Ruhr →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/works/)

## Works by year

### 2020s

[**2026** 31 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2026/) · [**2025** 7 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2025/) · [**2024** 3 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2024/) · [**2023** 5 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2023/) · [**2022** 4 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2022/) · [**2021** 5 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2021/) · [**2020** 3 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2020/)

### 2010s

[**2019** 3 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2019/) · [**2018** 7 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2018/) · [**2017** 8 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2017/) · [**2016** 4 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2016/) · [**2015** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2015/) · [**2014** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2014/) · [**2013** 4 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2013/) · [**2012** 6 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2012/) · [**2011** 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2011/)

### 2000s

[**2008** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2008/) · [**2006** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2006/) · [**2004** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/2004/)

### 1990s

[**1998** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rhine-ruhr/year/1998/)

## Fields, topics and concepts

Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

📚 Shelves 28 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Computer Science · 89 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Artificial Intelligence · 89 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 89 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Language and Linguistics · 89 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 9 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computer-vision-and-pattern-recognition/) · [Information Systems · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/information-systems/) · [Social Sciences · 8 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/) · [Computational Theory and Mathematics · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computational-theory-and-mathematics/) · [Sociology and Political Science · 6 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/sociology-and-political-science/) · [Literature and Literary Theory · 10 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/literature-and-literary-theory/) · [Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · 5 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/) · [Molecular Biology · 5 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/molecular-biology/) · [Philosophy · 6 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/philosophy/) · [Mathematics · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [Psychology · 10 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/)+13 more

🧭 Topics 38 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Knowledge graphs & ontologies · 6 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/knowledge-graphs/) · [English · 27 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/) · [Semitic languages · 15 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks · 6 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Language models & pretraining · 16 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Sentiment & emotion · 7 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Coreference resolution · 6 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Information extraction · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-extraction/) · [Tokenization & segmentation · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/tokenization/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) · [Machine translation · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Part-of-speech tagging · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/part-of-speech-tagging/) · [Morphology · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/)+23 more

💡 Concepts 10 Key ideas and methods explained on our concept pages.[Natural language processing · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/natural-language-processing/) · [Knowledge graph · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/knowledge-graph/) · [Machine learning · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/machine-learning/) · [Text classification · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/text-classification/) · [TF-IDF · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/tf-idf/) · [Knowledge representation and reasoning · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/knowledge-representation/) · [Subword tokenization · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/subword-tokenization/) · [Tokenization · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/tokenization/) · [Ontology engineering · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/ontology-engineering/) · [Cognitive linguistics · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/cognitive-linguistics/)

Agglomerations: the GHSL Urban Centre Database 2025; populations: the GHSL functional urban areas 2015 (urban centre and commuting zone), else the urban centre, as each page says (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, CC BY 4.0). An institution belongs to the urban centre its coordinates (ROR, OpenAlex) fall in, or one within 5 km. Land: Natural Earth.

- [← back to](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/germany/) — Germany

Updated 2 November 2026