--- title: "Alessandro Raganato — author profile and papers" description: "Alessandro Raganato, University of Milano-Bicocca: 3 papers on Elamur Research (2014–2018), h-index 15 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites…" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alessandro-raganato/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alessandro-raganato/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Alessandro Raganato # Alessandro Raganato Alessandro Raganato works in natural language processing, with papers here on [word sense disambiguation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/word-sense-disambiguation/) and [machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/). A recurring concern is careful evaluation: how to compare competing systems on equal terms, and how to find out what a neural model has actually learned. The methods range from assembling shared benchmarks out of existing annotated datasets to probing the internal representations of trained translation models. The most cited of the papers here, [Word Sense Disambiguation: A Unified Evaluation Framework and Empirical Comparison](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/raganato-2017-word-sense-disambiguation-unified-evaluation/) (2017), tackles the difficulty of comparing all-words disambiguation results across studies that used different datasets, inventory versions and preprocessing. It brings five Senseval and SemEval test sets into one XML format and maps their sense labels to WordNet 3.0, checking the mapping by hand. It runs the same preprocessing pipeline over all of them and then evaluates six systems, supervised ones among them, under a single protocol. Training uses SemCor alone and SemCor combined with OMSTI. The later paper, [An Analysis of Encoder Representations in Transformer-Based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/raganato-2018-analysis-encoder-representations-transformer-based/) (2018), moves from lexical semantics to neural translation. It trains Transformer models that translate English into seven target languages on WMT18 news text, with training sets of very different sizes. It then asks which kinds of linguistic structure the encoders pick up when no syntactic signal is given during training. One approach treats self-attention weights as edges of a tree. Another uses deliberately weak probing decoders, so that the results mostly reflect what the frozen encoder already contains. Raganato is currently at the [University of Milano-Bicocca](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-milano-bicocca/), with earlier papers from the [University of Helsinki](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-helsinki/) and [Sapienza University of Rome](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/sapienza-university-of-rome/). Co-authors on the papers here include [Roberto Navigli](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/roberto-navigli/), [Jose Camacho-Collados](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jose-camacho-collados/) and [Jörg Tiedemann](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jorg-tiedemann/). Alessandro Raganato has 3 papers in our library, in 2014–2018, most of them on [Word sense disambiguation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/word-sense-disambiguation/), [Named entity recognition](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/named-entity-recognition/), [Machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/); often with [Roberto Navigli](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/roberto-navigli/), [Jörg Tiedemann](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jorg-tiedemann/), [Jose Camacho-Collados](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jose-camacho-collados/). 3 papers in our library · 2014–2018 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5053806445) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7018-7515) · [**h-index 15**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5053806445) · [56 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5053806445) · [2,220 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5053806445&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 3 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alessandro-raganato/#papers) · [🔗 575 citations in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alessandro-raganato/cited-by/) · [5 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Star rank #1941](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/20/#star-1941) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Alessandro+Raganato) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Alessandro+Raganato) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Alessandro+Raganato) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Alessandro+Raganato) ## Affiliations [🎓**University of Milano-Bicocca** Milan · Italy 2022–2026 · 24 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-milano-bicocca/) · [🎓**University of Helsinki** Helsinki · Finland 2018–2025 · 20 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-helsinki/) · [🎓**Sapienza University of Rome** Rome · Italy 2014–2017 · 10 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/sapienza-university-of-rome/) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 5 more institutions on single bylines are not listed. ## Topics [Word sense disambiguation (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/word-sense-disambiguation/) · [Named entity recognition (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/named-entity-recognition/) · [Machine translation (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) ## Works by year ### 2010s [**2018** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/raganato-2018-analysis-encoder-representations-transformer-based/) · [**2017** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/raganato-2017-word-sense-disambiguation-unified-evaluation/) · [**2014** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/moro-2014-entity-linking-meets-word-sense/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Word Sense Disambiguation: A Unified Evaluation Framework and Empirical Comparison](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/raganato-2017-word-sense-disambiguation-unified-evaluation/)** *(2017 · 483 citations)* Results for all-words word sense disambiguation (WSD) are hard to compare, because the datasets, sense-inventory versions and preprocessing differ. 2. **[An Analysis of Encoder Representations in Transformer-Based Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/raganato-2018-analysis-encoder-representations-transformer-based/)** *(2018 · 366 citations)* The authors ask what linguistic knowledge the Transformer encoder picks up when trained only for translation, without any explicit structural supervision. 3. **[Entity Linking meets Word Sense Disambiguation: a Unified Approach](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/moro-2014-entity-linking-meets-word-sense/)** *(2014 · 188 citations)* The paper unifies two related lexical disambiguation tasks: Entity Linking (EL), as well as Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). ## Also in our library 5 more works of theirs are in our library without a page here yet; they will appear as we publish them. ## Co-authors here 3 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Roberto Navigli](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/roberto-navigli/) ×2 - [Jörg Tiedemann](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jorg-tiedemann/) - [Jose Camacho-Collados](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jose-camacho-collados/) ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 575 times (of the 140,884 papers whose bibliographies we read); [48 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alessandro-raganato/cited-by/).