--- title: "Andrew Lee — author profile and papers · Interpretability" description: "Andrew Lee: 3 papers on Elamur Research (2023–2026), h-index 4 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites them in our library." canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Andrew Lee # Andrew Lee Andrew Lee has 3 papers in our library, in 2023–2026, most of them on [Interpretability](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/), [Bias, fairness & safety](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/); often with [Martin Wattenberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-wattenberg/), [Aaron Mueller](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aaron-mueller/), [Ekdeep Singh Lubana](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ekdeep-singh-lubana/). 3 papers in our library · 2023–2026 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5032545949) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1909-1854) · [**h-index 4**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5032545949) · [17 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5032545949) · [879 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5032545949&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 3 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 2,370 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/cited-by/) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #6689](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/67/#star-6689) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Andrew+Lee) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Andrew+Lee) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Andrew+Lee) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Andrew+Lee) ## Affiliations [🎓**University of California, Davis** Davis · United States 2025 · 4 papersEmployment](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-davis/) · [🎓**Harvard University** Cambridge · United States 2023–2025 · 3 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/harvard-university/) · [🎓**University of Maryland, Baltimore County** Baltimore · United States 2016–2024 · 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-maryland-baltimore-county/) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 2 more institutions on single bylines are not listed. ## Fields, topics and concepts Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each. 📚 Shelves 6 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Artificial Intelligence · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Computer Science · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Safety Research · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/safety-research/) · [Social Sciences · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/) · [Arts and Humanities · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Language and Linguistics · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) 🧭 Topics 2 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Interpretability · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/) · [Bias, fairness & safety · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2026** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/year/2026/) · [**2024** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/year/2024/) · [**2023** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/year/2023/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Emergent Linear Representations in World Models of Self-Supervised Sequence Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nanda-2023-emergent-linear-representations-world-models/)** *(2023 · 116 citations)* This paper asks whether the board-state "world model" learned by OthelloGPT is encoded linearly. Li et al. (2023a) found that only non-linear probes could read it. The authors argue that the model does not track absolute tile colours (BLACK/WHITE/EMPTY). Instead, it tracks colours relative to whoever is moving at the… 2. **[A Mechanistic Understanding of Alignment Algorithms: A Case Study on DPO and Toxicity](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lee-2024-mechanistic-understanding-alignment-algorithms-case/)** *(2024 · 64 citations)* Alignment methods based on preference tuning are now routinely used to make language models safer. However, it is unclear what actually changes inside a model when it becomes "aligned", and so jailbreaks remain poorly explained. This paper uses toxicity reduction with direct preference optimization (DPO) in… 3. **[From Isolation to Entanglement: When Do Interpretability Methods Identify and Disentangle Known Concepts?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mueller-2026-isolation-entanglement-when-do-interpretability/)** *(2026)* Interpretability research usually judges featurizers such as sparse autoencoders (SAEs) and probes one concept at a time, implicitly assuming that concepts are independent. ## Co-authors here 6 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Martin Wattenberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-wattenberg/) ×2 - [Aaron Mueller](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aaron-mueller/) - [Ekdeep Singh Lubana](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ekdeep-singh-lubana/) - [Jonathan K. Kummerfeld](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jonathan-k-kummerfeld/) - [Neel Nanda](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/neel-nanda/) - [Rada Mihalcea](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rada-mihalcea/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/): [ACL 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/2026/) ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 2,370 times (of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read); [594 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrew-lee/cited-by/). Updated 2 November 2026