--- title: "Ben Kao — author profile and papers · Machine translation" description: "Ben Kao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University: 2 papers on Elamur Research (2020–2021), h-index 40 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who…" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ben-kao/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ben-kao/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Ben Kao # Ben Kao Ben Kao has 2 papers in our library, in 2020–2021, most of them on [Machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/), [Information retrieval & search](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-retrieval/), [Interpretability](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/); often with [Zhiyong Wu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zhiyong-wu/), [Lingpeng Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lingpeng-kong/), [Qun Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/qun-liu/). 2 papers in our library · 2020–2021 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5063695659) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-9435) · [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102265266) · [**h-index 40**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5063695659) · [195 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5063695659) · [6,176 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5063695659&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 2 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ben-kao/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 212 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ben-kao/cited-by/) · [7 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #3890](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/39/#star-3890) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Ben+Kao) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Ben+Kao) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Ben+Kao) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Ben+Kao) ## Affiliations [🎓**University of Hong Kong** Pok Fu Lam · China 1996–2026 · 166 papersEmployment*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-hong-kong/) · [🎓**Nanjing University** Nanjing · China 2025–2026 · 3 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/nanjing-university/) · [🎓**Shanghai Jiao Tong University** Shanghai · China 2025–2026 · 3 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/shanghai-jiao-tong-university/) · [🎓**Stanford University** Stanford · United States 1992–2002 · 8 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/stanford-university/) · [🎓**Princeton University** Princeton · United States 1992–2002 · 7 papersEducation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/princeton-university/) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 3 more institutions on single bylines are not listed. ## Fields, topics and concepts Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each. 📚 Shelves 5 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Arts and Humanities · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Computer Science · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Artificial Intelligence · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Language and Linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computer-vision-and-pattern-recognition/) 🧭 Topics 4 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Interpretability · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/) · [Information retrieval & search · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-retrieval/) · [Machine translation · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Vision & language · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2021** 1 paper Ben Kao's papers of 2021](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2021-good-misconceived-reasons-empirical-revisiting/) · [**2020** 1 paper Ben Kao's papers of 2020](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2020-perturbed-masking-parameter-free-probing/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Perturbed Masking: Parameter-free Probing for Analyzing and Interpreting BERT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2020-perturbed-masking-parameter-free-probing/)** *(2020 · 245 citations)* Standard probing classifiers add trainable parameters on top of a pre-trained model. This makes it unclear whether linguistic knowledge comes from the model or is learned by the probe itself. Wu et al. propose Perturbed Masking, a probing method with no parameters and no supervision. It estimates how much one word… 2. **[Good for Misconceived Reasons: An Empirical Revisiting on the Need for Visual Context in Multimodal Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2021-good-misconceived-reasons-empirical-revisiting/)** *(2021 · 119 citations)* The paper asks whether multimodal machine translation (MMT) systems really benefit from images, or whether their reported gains come from something else. ## All works 9 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 2 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them. 1. **[Perturbed Masking: Parameter-free Probing for Analyzing and Interpreting BERT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2020-perturbed-masking-parameter-free-probing/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Zhiyong Wu, Yun Chen, Ben Kao, et al.*2020 · 245 citations* 2. **[Good for Misconceived Reasons: An Empirical Revisiting on the Need for Visual Context in Multimodal Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2021-good-misconceived-reasons-empirical-revisiting/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Zhiyong Wu, Lingpeng Kong, Wei Bi, et al.*2021 · 119 citations* 3. **[OS-Genesis: Automating GUI Agent Trajectory Construction via Reverse Task Synthesis ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.277/) Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Qiushi Sun et al.*2025 · 45 citations* 4. **[Bringing legal knowledge to the public by constructing a legal question bank using large-scale pre-trained language model ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09367-6) arXiv:2505.04132 · Artificial Intelligence and Law 2024-09 · no summary yet**Mingruo Yuan et al.*2025 · 12 citations* 5. **[ScienceBoard: Evaluating Multimodal Autonomous Agents in Realistic Scientific Workflows ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19897) arXiv:2505.19897 · no summary yet**Qiushi Sun et al.*2025 · 10 citations* 6. **[Evaluation of Large Language Models in Legal Applications: Challenges, Methods, and Future Directions ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15267) arXiv:2601.15267 · no summary yet**Yiran Hu et al.*2026 · 6 citations* 7. **[OS-Sentinel: Towards Safety-Enhanced Mobile GUI Agents via Hybrid Validation in Realistic Workflows ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2026.acl-long.431/) Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Qiushi Sun et al.*2026 · 2 citations* 8. **[QBR: A Question-Bank-Based Approach to Fine-Grained Legal Knowledge Retrieval for the General Public ↗](https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/1109) arXiv:2505.04883 · no summary yet**Mingruo Yuan, Ben Kao, Tien-Hsuan Wu*2025 · 2 citations* 9. **[A Multi-Stage Prompting and RAG Approach to Generating Legal Analysis in Common Law Systems1 ↗](https://doi.org/10.3233/faia241278) JURIX 2024 — Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (IOS Press, FAIA) · no summary yet**Titus T.H. Ng et al.*2024 · 2 citations* ## Co-authors here 6 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Zhiyong Wu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zhiyong-wu/) ×2 - [Lingpeng Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lingpeng-kong/) - [Qun Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/qun-liu/) - [Wei Bi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/wei-bi/) - [Xiang Li](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xiang-li/) - [Yun Chen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yun-chen/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/) ×4: [ACL 2021](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/2021/), [ACL 2020](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/2020/) - JURIX 2024 — Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (IOS Press, FAIA) ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 212 times (of the 141,840 papers whose bibliographies we read); [9 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ben-kao/cited-by/). Updated 24 October 2026