---
title: "Diane Litman — author profile and papers · Dialogue systems"
description: "Diane Litman, University of Pittsburgh: 4 papers on Elamur Research (1993–2016), h-index 56 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/diane-litman/"
---
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# Diane Litman

Diane Litman has 4 papers in our library, in 1993–2016, most of them on [Dialogue systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dialogue-systems/), [Discourse analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/), [English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/); often with [David Vandyke](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-vandyke/), [Julia Hirschberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/julia-hirschberg/), [Marilyn Walker](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marilyn-walker/).

4 papers in our library · 1993–2016

[OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5048682514) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-7531) · [**h-index 56**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5048682514) · [338 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5048682514) · [10,254 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5048682514&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14

[📄 4 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/diane-litman/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 302 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/diane-litman/cited-by/) · [6 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #1727](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/18/#star-1727)

The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart.

Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Diane+Litman) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Diane+Litman) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Diane+Litman) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Diane+Litman)

## Affiliations

[🎓**University of Pittsburgh** Pittsburgh · United States 2002–2026 · 226 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-pittsburgh/) · [🏢**AT&T** Bedminster · United States 1986–2002 · 50 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/at-t/) · [🤝**RAND Corporation** Santa Monica · United States 2025 · 2 papers](https://ror.org/00f2z7n96) · [🎓**Columbia University** New York · United States 1992 · 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/columbia-university/) · [🎓**University of Rochester** Rochester · United States 1984 · 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-rochester/)

From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 3 more institutions on single bylines are not listed.

## Concepts, shelves and topics

Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them.

📚 Shelves 6 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Artificial Intelligence · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Computer Science · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Language and Linguistics · 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [Experimental and Cognitive Psychology · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/experimental-and-cognitive-psychology/) · [Psychology · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/)

🧭 Topics 3 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Dialogue systems · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dialogue-systems/) · [Discourse analysis · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [English · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/)

## Works by year

### 2010s

[**2016** 1 paper Towards Using Conversations with Spoken Dialogue Systems in the Automated Assessment of Non-Native Speakers of English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/litman-2016-conversations-spoken-dialogue-systems-automated/)

### 1990s

[**1997** 2 papers Diane Litman's papers of 1997](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/diane-litman/year/1997/) · [**1993** 1 paper Empirical Studies on the Disambiguation of Cue Phrases](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hirschberg-1993-empirical-studies-disambiguation-cue-phrases/)

## Papers

The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library).

1. **[PARADISE: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue Agents](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/walker-1997-paradise-framework-evaluating-spoken-dialogue/)** *(1997 · 660 citations)* Comparing spoken dialogue agents is difficult. Reference-answer evaluation is tied to one particular dialogue strategy. Metrics such as transaction success or dialogue length cannot say which factor matters more, and they do not carry over to other tasks. Walker et al. propose PARADISE, a decision-theoretic framework…
2. **[Empirical Studies on the Disambiguation of Cue Phrases](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hirschberg-1993-empirical-studies-disambiguation-cue-phrases/)** *(1993 · 430 citations)* Hirschberg and Litman study how listeners and readers tell apart the two roles of cue phrases such as now , well , say or incidentally.
3. **[Discourse Segmentation by Human and Automated Means](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/passonneau-1997-discourse-segmentation-human-automated-means/)** *(1997 · 275 citations)* Discourse research widely assumes that multi-utterance units (discourse segments) interact with linguistic form, yet there is little agreement on what such segments are or how to identify them.
4. **[Towards Using Conversations with Spoken Dialogue Systems in the Automated Assessment of Non-Native Speakers of English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/litman-2016-conversations-spoken-dialogue-systems-automated/)** *(2016 · 26 citations)* Human-run English speaking exams usually include a live conversation with an examiner, but automated scoring has so far handled only monologue tasks, such as answering a prompt.

## All works

10 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 4 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them.

1. **[PARADISE: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue Agents](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/walker-1997-paradise-framework-evaluating-spoken-dialogue/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Marilyn A. Walker, Diane J. Litman, Candace A. Kamm, et al.*1997 · 660 citations*
2. **[Empirical Studies on the Disambiguation of Cue Phrases](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hirschberg-1993-empirical-studies-disambiguation-cue-phrases/) [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/)**Julia Hirschberg, Diane Litman*1993 · 430 citations*
3. **[Discourse Segmentation by Human and Automated Means](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/passonneau-1997-discourse-segmentation-human-automated-means/) [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/)**Rebecca J. Passonneau, Diane J. Litman*1997 · 275 citations*
4. **[Towards Argument-Aware Abstractive Summarization of Long Legal Opinions with Summary Reranking](https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-acl.481/) Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Mohamed Elaraby, Yang Zhong, Diane Litman*2023 · 27 citations*
5. **[Towards Using Conversations with Spoken Dialogue Systems in the Automated Assessment of Non-Native Speakers of English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/litman-2016-conversations-spoken-dialogue-systems-automated/) [Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/sigdial/)**Diane Litman, Steve Young, Mark Gales, et al.*2016 · 26 citations*
6. **[ArgLegalSumm: Improving Abstractive Summarization of Legal Documents with Argument Mining](https://aclanthology.org/2022.coling-1.540/) Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics · original ↗ · no summary yet**Mohamed Elaraby, Diane Litman*2022 · 23 citations*
7. **[Computing and Exploiting Document Structure to Improve Unsupervised Extractive Summarization of Legal Case Decisions](https://aclanthology.org/2022.nllp-1.30/) Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2022 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Yang Zhong, Diane Litman*2022 · 17 citations*
8. **[Discourse-Driven Evaluation: Unveiling Factual Inconsistency in Long Document Summarization](https://aclanthology.org/2025.naacl-long.103/) Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Yang Zhong, Diane Litman*2025 · 8 citations*
9. **[Adding Argumentation into Human Evaluation of Long Document Abstractive Summarization: A Case Study on Legal Opinions](https://aclanthology.org/2024.humeval-1.3/) Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Human Evaluation of NLP Systems (HumEval) @ LREC-COLING 2024 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Mohamed Elaraby et al.*2024 · 7 citations*
10. **[STRONG – Structure Controllable Legal Opinion Summary Generation](https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-ijcnlp.37/) Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: IJCNLP-AACL 2023 (Findings) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Yang Zhong, Diane Litman*2023 · 5 citations*

## Co-authors here

6 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first.

- [David Vandyke](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-vandyke/)
- [Julia Hirschberg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/julia-hirschberg/)
- [Marilyn Walker](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marilyn-walker/)
- [Mark Gales](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mark-gales/)
- [Rebecca Passonneau](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rebecca-passonneau/)
- [Steve Young](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/steve-young/)

## Venues

Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page.

- [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/) ×2: [Computational Linguistics 1997](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/1997/), [Computational Linguistics 1993](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/1993/)
- [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/): [ACL 1997](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/1997/)
- [Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/sigdial/): [SIGDIAL 2016](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/sigdial/2016/)
- Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023
- Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: IJCNLP-AACL 2023 (Findings)
- Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers)
- Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
- Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Human Evaluation of NLP Systems (HumEval) @ LREC-COLING 2024
- Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2022

## Cited by

Papers of our library cite their works 302 times (of the 141,840 papers whose bibliographies we read); [30 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/diane-litman/cited-by/).

Updated 24 October 2026