--- title: "Ding Liu · Central South University — author profile and papers" description: "Ding Liu, Central South University: 2 papers on Elamur Research (2005–2025), h-index 37 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites…" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ding-liu/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ding-liu/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Ding Liu # Ding Liu Ding Liu has 2 papers in our library, in 2005–2025, most of them on [Machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/), [Language models & pretraining](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/), [Evaluation & benchmarks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/); often with [Bin Hu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bin-hu/), [Daniel Gildea](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-gildea/), [Dingnan Jin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dingnan-jin/). 2 papers in our library · 2005–2025 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5101522028) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-9661) · [**h-index 37**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5101522028) · [376 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5101522028) · [5,313 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5101522028&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 2 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ding-liu/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 129 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ding-liu/cited-by/) · [5 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #5256](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/53/#star-5256) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Ding+Liu) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Ding+Liu) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Ding+Liu) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Ding+Liu) ## Affiliations [🎓**Xi'an University of Technology** Xi'an · China 2002–2026 · 198 papers*current*](https://ror.org/038avdt50) · [🎓**Tsinghua University** Beijing · China 2009–2026 · 22 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/tsinghua-university/) · [🎓**Xidian University** Xi'an · China 2006–2026 · 20 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/xidian-university/) · [🎓**China University of Geosciences (Beijing)** Beijing · China 2021–2026 · 4 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/china-university-of-geosciences-beijing/) · [🎓**Central South University** Changsha · China 2023–2026 · 2 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/central-south-university/) · [🎓**Princeton University** Princeton · United States 2002–2007 · 13 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/princeton-university/) · [🎓**Shanghai Maritime University** Shanghai · China 2016–2025 · 10 papers](https://ror.org/04z7qrj66) · [🎓**Tiangong University** Tianjin · China 2014–2025 · 9 papers](https://ror.org/00xsr9m91) · [🏛️**Chinese Academy of Sciences** Beijing · China 2003–2024 · 5 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/chinese-academy-of-sciences/) · [🎓**Shenzhen University** Shenzhen · China 2010–2021 · 5 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/shenzhen-university/) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 39 more institutions on single bylines are not listed. ## Fields, topics and concepts Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each. 📚 Shelves 4 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Artificial Intelligence · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Computer Science · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Language and Linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) 🧭 Topics 4 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Evaluation & benchmarks · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Machine translation · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Language models & pretraining · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Reasoning · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2025** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ding-liu/year/2025/) ### 2000s [**2005** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ding-liu/year/2005/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Syntactic Features for Evaluation of Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2005-syntactic-features-evaluation-machine-translation/)** *(2005 · 251 citations)* The paper adds syntax to n-gram evaluation. The headword-chain metric (HWCM) matches the head-modifier paths of the reference against the hypothesis. The subtree metric (STM) matches constituent subtrees, and a dependency subtree variant (DSTM) matches head subtrees. All of them need a parser on the hypothesis. At… 2. **[Ring-lite: Scalable Reasoning via C3PO-Stabilized Reinforcement Learning for LLMs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ling-team-2025-ring-lite-scalable-reasoning/)** *(2025 · 5 citations)* Large-scale RL has produced strong reasoning models such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1, but their training recipes are mostly undisclosed. ## All works 7 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 2 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them. 1. [**Syntactic Features for Evaluation of Machine Translation**Ding Liu, Daniel Gildea*Machine translation · 251 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2005-syntactic-features-evaluation-machine-translation/) 2. **[A Unified 3D Human Motion Synthesis Model via Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder ↗](https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.01144) IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · no summary yet**Yujun Cai et al.*2021 · 68 citations* 3. **[Source-Language Features and Maximum Correlation Training for Machine Translation Evaluation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/N07-1006/) Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Proceedings of the Main Conference · no summary yet**Ding Liu, Daniel Gildea*2007 · 42 citations* 4. **[Improved Tree-to-String Transducer for Machine Translation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/W08-0308/) Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation · no summary yet**Ding Liu, Daniel Gildea*2008 · 28 citations* 5. **[Stochastic Iterative Alignment for Machine Translation Evaluation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/P06-2070/) Proceedings of the COLING/ACL 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions · no summary yet**Ding Liu, Daniel Gildea*2006 · 23 citations* 6. **[Bayesian Learning of Phrasal Tree-to-String Templates ↗](https://aclanthology.org/D09-1136/) Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · no summary yet**Ding Liu, Daniel Gildea*2009 · 12 citations* 7. [**Ring-lite: Scalable Reasoning via C3PO-Stabilized Reinforcement Learning for LLMs arXiv:2506.14731**Ling Team, Bin Hu, Cai Chen, et al.*2025 · 5 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ling-team-2025-ring-lite-scalable-reasoning/) ## Co-authors here 5 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Bin Hu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bin-hu/) - [Daniel Gildea](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-gildea/) - [Dingnan Jin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dingnan-jin/) - [Feng Zhu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/feng-zhu/) - [Jia Guo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jia-guo/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - [ACL Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl-workshop-on-intrinsic-and-extrinsic-evaluation-measures-for-machine/): [ACL Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization 2005](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl-workshop-on-intrinsic-and-extrinsic-evaluation-measures-for-machine/2005/) - Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Proceedings of the Main Conference - IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) - Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing - Proceedings of the COLING/ACL 2006 Main Conference Poster Sessions - Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 129 times (of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read); [15 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ding-liu/cited-by/). Updated 31 October 2026