---
title: "Dirk Hovy — all works — Elamur Research"
description: "All 41 works of Dirk Hovy in the Elamur Research library, the most cited first: our summaries where we have them, else the original."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dirk-hovy/works/"
---
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# Dirk Hovy — all works

41 works · [← Dirk Hovy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dirk-hovy/)

1. **[Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/waseem-2016-hateful-symbols-or-hateful-people/) [NAACL Student Research Workshop](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl-student-research-workshop/)**Zeerak Waseem, Dirk Hovy*2016 · 2,169 citations*
2. **[The Social Impact of Natural Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hovy-2016-social-impact-natural-language-processing/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Dirk Hovy, Shannon L. Spruit*2016 · 523 citations*
3. **[Learning Whom to Trust with MACE](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hovy-2013-learning-whom-trust-mace/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Dirk Hovy, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, Ashish Vaswani, et al.*2013 · 473 citations*
4. **[Pre-training is a Hot Topic: Contextualized Document Embeddings Improve Topic Coherence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bianchi-2021-pre-training-is-hot-topic/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Federico Bianchi, Silvia Terragni, Dirk Hovy*2021 · 366 citations*
5. [**XSTest: A Test Suite for Identifying Exaggerated Safety Behaviours in Large Language Models arXiv:2308.01263**Paul Rottger, Hannah Rose Kirk, Bertie Vidgen, et al.*2023 · 244 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rottger-2023-xstest-test-suite-identifying-exaggerated/)
6. **[Demographic Factors Improve Classification Performance](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hovy-2015-demographic-factors-improve-classification-performance/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Dirk Hovy*2015 · 244 citations*
7. **[The Importance of Modeling Social Factors of Language: Theory and Practice](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hovy-2021-importance-modeling-social-factors-language/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Dirk Hovy, Diyi Yang*2021 · 238 citations*
8. **[Two Contrasting Data Annotation Paradigms for Subjective NLP Tasks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rottger-2022-two-contrasting-data-annotation-paradigms/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Paul Röttger, Bertie Vidgen, Dirk Hovy, et al.*2022 · 220 citations*
9. **[Cross-lingual Contextualized Topic Models with Zero-shot Learning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bianchi-2021-cross-lingual-contextualized-topic-models/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Federico Bianchi, Silvia Terragni, Dirk Hovy, et al.*2021 · 215 citations*
10. **[Personality Traits on Twitter–-or–-How to Get 1,500 Personality Tests in a Week ↗](https://aclanthology.org/W15-2913/) Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis · no summary yet**Barbara Plank, Dirk Hovy*2015 · 209 citations*
11. **[Predictive Biases in Natural Language Processing Models: A Conceptual Framework and Overview](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shah-2019-predictive-biases-natural-language-processing/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Deven Shah, H. Andrew Schwartz, Dirk Hovy*2019 · 207 citations*
12. **[HONEST: Measuring Hurtful Sentence Completion in Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nozza-2021-honest-measuring-hurtful-sentence-completion/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Debora Nozza, Federico Bianchi, Dirk Hovy*2021 · 191 citations*
13. [**We Need to Consider Disagreement in Evaluation Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Benchmarking: Past, Present and Future**Valerio Basile, Michael Fell, Tommaso Fornaciari, et al.*2021 · 186 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/basile-2021-we-need-consider-disagreement-evaluation/)
14. **[Learning part-of-speech taggers with inter-annotator agreement loss](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/plank-2014-learning-part-speech-taggers-inter/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Barbara Plank, Dirk Hovy, Anders Søgaard*2014 · 179 citations*
15. **[Linguistically debatable or just plain wrong?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/plank-2014-linguistically-debatable-or-just-plain/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Barbara Plank, Dirk Hovy, Anders Søgaard*2014 · 172 citations*
16. **[Tagging Performance Correlates with Author Age](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hovy-2015-tagging-performance-correlates-author-age/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Dirk Hovy, Anders Søgaard*2015 · 167 citations*
17. **[Beyond Black & White: Leveraging Annotator Disagreement via Soft-Label Multi-Task Learning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fornaciari-2021-beyond-black-white-leveraging-annotator/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Tommaso Fornaciari, Alexandra Uma, Silviu Paun, et al.*2021 · 142 citations*
18. **[Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rottger-2024-political-compass-or-spinning-arrow/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Paul Röttger, Valentin Hofmann, Valentina Pyatkin, et al.*2024 · 137 citations*
19. **[Comparing Bayesian Models of Annotation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/paun-2018-comparing-bayesian-models-annotation/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Silviu Paun, Bob Carpenter, Jon Chamberlain, et al.*2018 · 130 citations*
20. **[Cross-lingual syntactic variation over age and gender ↗](https://aclanthology.org/K15-1011/) Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning · no summary yet**Anders Johannsen, Dirk Hovy, Anders Søgaard*2015 · 125 citations*
21. **[SemEval-2016 Task 10: Detecting Minimal Semantic Units and their Meanings (DiMSUM)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schneider-2016-semeval-2016-task-10-detecting/) [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/)**Nathan Schneider, Dirk Hovy, Anders Johannsen, et al.*2016 · 100 citations*
22. **[“My Answer is C”: First-Token Probabilities Do Not Match Text Answers in Instruction-Tuned Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wang-2024-my-answer-is-c-first/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Xinpeng Wang, Bolei Ma, Chengzhi Hu, et al.*2024 · 91 citations*
23. **[Putting Sarcasm Detection into Context: The Effects of Class Imbalance and Manual Labelling on Supervised Machine Classification of Twitter Conversations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/abercrombie-2016-putting-sarcasm-detection-into-context/) [ACL Student Research Workshop](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl-student-research-workshop/)**Gavin Abercrombie, Dirk Hovy*2016 · 85 citations*
24. [**Learning a POS tagger for AAVE-like language**Anna Jørgensen, Dirk Hovy, Anders Søgaard*English · 60 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jorgensen-2016-learning-pos-tagger-aave-like/)
25. **[Augmenting English Adjective Senses with Supersenses](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tsvetkov-2014-augmenting-english-adjective-senses-supersenses/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Yulia Tsvetkov, Nathan Schneider, Dirk Hovy, et al.*2014 · 57 citations*
26. [**SafetyPrompts: a Systematic Review of Open Datasets for Evaluating and Improving Large Language Model Safety arXiv:2404.05399**Paul Rottger, Fabio Pernisi, Bertie Vidgen, et al.*2024 · 33 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rottger-2024-safetyprompts-systematic-review-open-datasets/)
27. **[What Can Natural Language Processing Do for Peer Review? ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.06563) arXiv:2405.06563 · no summary yet**Ilia Kuznetsov et al.*2024 · 33 citations*
28. **[SocioProbe: What, When, and Where Language Models Learn about Sociodemographics ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.539/) Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · no summary yet**Anne Lauscher et al.*2022 · 24 citations*
29. **[Beyond Demographics: Fine-tuning Large Language Models to Predict Individuals' Subjective Text Perceptions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/orlikowski-2025-beyond-demographics-fine-tuning-large/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Matthias Orlikowski, Jiaxin Pei, Paul Röttger, et al.*2025 · 22 citations*
30. **[The AI Gap: How Socioeconomic Status Affects Language Technology Interactions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bassignana-2025-ai-gap-how-socioeconomic-status/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Elisa Bassignana, Amanda Cercas Curry, Dirk Hovy*2025 · 20 citations*
31. **[Models and Training for Unsupervised Preposition Sense Disambiguation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/P11-2056/) Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · no summary yet**Dirk Hovy et al.*2011 · 17 citations*
32. **[IssueBench: Millions of Realistic Prompts for Measuring Issue Bias in LLM Writing Assistance](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rottger-2026-issuebench-millions-realistic-prompts-measuring/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Paul Röttger, Musashi Hinck, Valentin Hofmann, et al.*2026 · 16 citations*
33. [**Know Your Audience: Do LLMs Adapt to Different Age and Education Levels? arXiv:2312.02065**Donya Rooein, Amanda Cercas Curry, Dirk Hovy*2023 · 13 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rooein-2023-know-audience-llms-adapt-different/)
34. **[Socially Aware Language Technologies: Perspectives and Practices](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yang-2025-socially-aware-language-technologies-perspectives/) [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/)**Diyi Yang, Dirk Hovy, David Jurgens, et al.*2025 · 12 citations*
35. **[The Call for Socially Aware Language Technologies ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.02411) arXiv (Cornell University) · no summary yet**Diyi Yang et al.*2024 · 10 citations*
36. **[PATS: Personality-Aware Teaching Strategies with Large Language Model Tutors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rooein-2026-pats-personality-aware-teaching-strategies/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Donya Rooein, Sankalan Pal Chowdhury, Mariia Eremeeva, et al.*2026 · 1 citation*
37. **[The Pluralistic Moral Gap: Understanding Moral Judgment and Value Differences between Humans and Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/russo-2026-pluralistic-moral-gap-understanding-moral/) [Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/eacl/)**Giuseppe Russo, Debora Nozza, Paul Röttger, et al.*2026 · 1 citation*
38. **[Social Intelligence in the Age of LLMs ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.naacl-tutorial.8/) Proceedings of the 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 5: Tutorial Abstracts) · no summary yet**Hao Zhu et al.*2025 · 1 citation*
39. **[ACID: On the Perception of Online Classism](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/muti-2026-acid-perception-online-classism/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Arianna Muti, Elisa Bassignana, Amanda Cercas Curry, et al.*2026*
40. **[Exploring Subjective Tasks in Farsi: A Survey Analysis and Evaluation of Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rooein-2026-exploring-subjective-tasks-farsi-survey/) [Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/wassa/)**Donya Rooein, Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco, Debora Nozza, et al.*2026*
41. **[Natural Language Processing for Mental Health (Dagstuhl Seminar 25,361) ↗](https://doi.org/10.4230/dagrep.15.8.62) TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt) · no summary yet**Dana Atzil–Slonim et al.*2026*