--- title: "Elizabeth Clark — author profile and papers · Text generation" description: "Elizabeth Clark, University of Nottingham: 2 papers on Elamur Research (2019–2020), h-index 25 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who…" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elizabeth-clark/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elizabeth-clark/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Elizabeth Clark # Elizabeth Clark Elizabeth Clark has 2 papers in our library, in 2019–2020, most of them on [Text generation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/text-generation/), [Evaluation & benchmarks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/); often with [Asli Celikyilmaz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/asli-celikyilmaz/), [Jianfeng Gao](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jianfeng-gao/), [Noah A. Smith](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/noah-a-smith/). 2 papers in our library · 2019–2020 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5091060035) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-046X) · [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71674528) · [**h-index 25**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5091060035) · [91 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5091060035) · [3,470 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5091060035&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 2 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elizabeth-clark/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 588 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elizabeth-clark/cited-by/) · [5 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #3845](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/39/#star-3845) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Elizabeth+Clark) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Elizabeth+Clark) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Elizabeth+Clark) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Elizabeth+Clark) ## Affiliations [🎓**University of Nottingham** Nottingham · United Kingdom 1990–2025 · 19 papersEmployment 1990–1992 · Research Assistant, BotanyEmployment 1992–1999 · Research Assistant, Respiratory MedicineEmployment since 2017 · Senior Trial Manager, Primary Care*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-nottingham/) · [🎓**Purdue University West Lafayette** West Lafayette · United States 2021–2025 · 6 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/purdue-university-west-lafayette/) · [🎓**University of Washington** Seattle · United States 2018–2021 · 12 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-washington/) · [🔬**Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence** Seattle · United States 2019–2023 · 4 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/allen-institute-for-artificial-intelligence/) · [🏥**Queen's Medical Centre** Nottingham · United Kingdom 2016–2019 · 3 papers](https://ror.org/03ap6wx93) · [🔬**British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science** Edinburgh · United Kingdom 2016–2017 · 3 papers](https://ror.org/002g4nt27) · [🎓**University of Edinburgh** Edinburgh · United Kingdom 2016–2017 · 3 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-edinburgh/) · [🏥**Nottingham City Hospital** Nottingham · United Kingdom 1996–2001 · 3 papers](https://ror.org/0022b3c04) · [🎓**University of California San Diego** San Diego · United States 2015 · 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-san-diego/) · [🏥**MedStar Washington Hospital Center** Washington D.C. · United States 2012–2013 · 2 papers](https://ror.org/05ry42w04) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 33 more institutions on single bylines are not listed. ## Fields, topics and concepts Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each. 📚 Shelves 4 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Artificial Intelligence · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Computer Science · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Language and Linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) 🧭 Topics 2 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Evaluation & benchmarks · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Text generation · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/text-generation/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2020** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elizabeth-clark/year/2020/) ### 2010s [**2019** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elizabeth-clark/year/2019/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Evaluation of Text Generation: A Survey](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/celikyilmaz-2020-evaluation-text-generation-survey/)** *(2020 · 388 citations)* The survey addresses the question of how to evaluate natural language generation (NLG) systems. This is difficult because most such tasks are open-ended: many acceptable outputs can be given for a single input. The authors do not conduct experiments of their own. Instead, they systematize the evaluation methods that… 2. **[Sentence Mover's Similarity: Automatic Evaluation for Multi-Sentence Texts](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/clark-2019-sentence-mover-s-similarity-automatic/)** *(2019 · 209 citations)* Popular metrics such as ROUGE and BLEU score generated text by exact word overlap. As a result, they miss paraphrased or reordered content and correlate weakly with human judgments. The embedding-based word mover's distance (WMD) is more flexible, but it treats a document as an unordered bag of words and ignores how… ## All works 7 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 2 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them. 1. **[All That's ‘Human' Is Not Gold: Evaluating Human Evaluation of Generated Text ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.565/) Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Elizabeth Clark et al.*2021 · 421 citations* 2. [**Evaluation of Text Generation: A Survey arXiv:2006.14799**Asli Celikyilmaz, Elizabeth Clark, Jianfeng Gao*2020 · 388 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/celikyilmaz-2020-evaluation-text-generation-survey/) 3. **[Sentence Mover's Similarity: Automatic Evaluation for Multi-Sentence Texts](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/clark-2019-sentence-mover-s-similarity-automatic/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Elizabeth Clark, Asli Celikyilmaz, Noah A. Smith*2019 · 209 citations* 4. **[Counterfactual Story Reasoning and Generation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/D19-1509/) Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) · no summary yet**Lianhui Qin et al.*2019 · 187 citations* 5. **[Neural Text Generation in Stories Using Entity Representations as Context ↗](https://aclanthology.org/N18-1204/) Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers) · no summary yet**Elizabeth Clark, Yangfeng Ji, Noah A. Smith*2018 · 166 citations* 6. **[Sounding Board: A User-Centric and Content-Driven Social Chatbot ↗](https://aclanthology.org/N18-5020/) Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations · no summary yet**Hao Fang et al.*2018 · 73 citations* 7. **[Don't Take This Out of Context!: On the Need for Contextual Models and Evaluations for Stylistic Rewriting ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.701/) Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · no summary yet**Akhila Yerukola et al.*2023 · 9 citations* ## Co-authors here 3 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Asli Celikyilmaz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/asli-celikyilmaz/) ×2 - [Jianfeng Gao](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jianfeng-gao/) - [Noah A. Smith](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/noah-a-smith/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/): [ACL 2019](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/2019/) - Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations - Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers) - Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) - Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing - Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 588 times (of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read); [99 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elizabeth-clark/cited-by/). Updated 2 November 2026