---
title: "Francis Bond — author profile and papers"
description: "Francis Bond, Palacký University Olomouc: 7 papers on Elamur Research (2002–2022), h-index 25 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites them in…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-bond/"
---
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# Francis Bond

Francis Bond works in computational linguistics, at the point where hand-built linguistic resources meet language processing. Bond's papers here deal with how grammars and lexicons should represent words and meanings: how to handle multiword expressions in a precise grammar, how to organise and link wordnets across languages, and how deep grammars based on HPSG and minimal recursion semantics can support machine translation and parsing. The methods are mostly resource building: grammar engineering, lexical databases, interlingual concept lists and treebanks.

The most cited paper here is [Multiword Expressions: A Pain in the Neck for NLP](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/idioms-2002-sag-multiword-expressions-pain-neck-nlp/) (2002). It argues that neither listing such expressions as single units nor building them fully from their parts is enough, and it sets out a classification running from fixed expressions to looser combinations. A companion paper from the same year, [Multiword expressions: linguistic precision and reusability](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2002-copestake-multiword-expressions-linguistic-precision-reusability/), shows how the English Resource Grammar stores these expressions in a database so that the grammar does not overgenerate. [CILI: the Collaborative Interlingual Index](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bond-2016-cili-collaborative-interlingual-index/) (2016) proposes a single shared list of concepts, with persistent identifiers and open licensing, so that separate wordnets can point to the same meanings. An earlier paper (2005) describes a semantic interface that lets deep grammars serve a Norwegian-to-English translation system.

The newer work turns to open, community-maintained resources and to learner language. [English WordNet 2019](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lex-2019-mccrae-english-wordnet/) presents a revision of Princeton WordNet developed in the open by many contributors. [The Tembusu Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2022-costa-tembusu-treebank-english-learner-treebank/) (2022) builds a treebank from student writing, using grammar rules that model typical errors, and trains a parse-ranking model to diagnose problems more accurately.

Bond is currently a professor in the Department of Asian Studies at Palacký University Olomouc. Earlier posts include Nanyang Technological University in Singapore (2009–2022), the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology in Tokyo, and NTT Communication Science Laboratories (1991–2006). Frequent co-authors include [Dan Flickinger](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dan-flickinger/), [Ann Copestake](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ann-copestake/) and [John P. McCrae](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/john-p-mccrae/). Recurring topics are [Idioms & multiword expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) and [Machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/).

7 papers on this site · 2002–2022

current affiliation [Palacký University Olomouc](https://ror.org/04qxnmv42), Olomouc, Czechia

Francis Bond has 7 papers on this site, in 2002–2022, most of them on [Machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/), [Idioms & multiword expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/), [Treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/); often with [Dan Flickinger](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dan-flickinger/), [Ann Copestake](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ann-copestake/), [Ivan A. Sag](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ivan-a-sag/). 7 of them are among the papers [Mova](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/projects/mova/) reads.

[OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5044280576) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-8068) · [**h-index 25**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5044280576) · [205 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5044280576) · [3 348 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5044280576&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14

[7 works on this site](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-bond/#papers) · [730 citations in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-bond/cited-by/) · 12 more works in our library

The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart.

Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Francis+Bond) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Francis+Bond) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Francis+Bond) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Francis+Bond)

## Affiliations

- [Palacký University Olomouc](https://ror.org/04qxnmv42) · Olomouc, Czechia —current · 2022–2025 on 7 papers · employment from 2022 (ORCID) · employment from 2022: Professor, Department of Asian Studies (ORCID)
- [Nanyang Technological University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/nanyang-technological-university/) · Singapore, Singapore —2009–2023 on 75 papers · employment 2009–2022: Associate Professor, Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies (ORCID)
- [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers](https://ror.org/01n002310) · Piscataway, United States —2010–2016 on 10 papers
- [Saarland University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/saarland-university/) · Saarbrücken, Germany —2014–2016 on 3 papers
- [National Institute of Information and Communications Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/national-institute-of-information-and-communications-technology/) · Tokyo, Japan —2006–2011 on 14 papers · employment 2006–2009: Expert Researcher (ORCID)
- [NTT (Japan)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/ntt/) · Tokyo, Japan —1994–2008 on 41 papers
- [NTT Communications Corporation (Japan)](https://ror.org/03p0gwt85) · Tokyo, Japan —2005–2006 on 3 papers
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories · Kyoto, Japan —employment 1991–2006: Senior Research Scientist (ORCID)
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories · Soraku district, Japan —employment 1991–2006 (Wikidata)
- [The University of Queensland](https://ror.org/00rqy9422) · Brisbane, Australia —education: Doctor of Philosophy (ORCID)

From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 8 more institutions on single bylines are not listed.

## Topics

[Machine translation 2](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions 2](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Treebanks 1](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/)

## Works by year

### 2020s

[**2022** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2022-costa-tembusu-treebank-english-learner-treebank/)

### 2010s

[**2019** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lex-2019-mccrae-english-wordnet/) · [**2016** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bond-2016-cili-collaborative-interlingual-index/) · [**2012** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/haugereid-2012-extracting-semantic-transfer-rules-parallel/)

### 2000s

[**2005** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/flickinger-2005-sem-i-rational-mt-enriching/) · [**2002** 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-bond/year/2002/)

## Papers

The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library).

1. **[Multiword Expressions: A Pain in the Neck for NLP](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/idioms-2002-sag-multiword-expressions-pain-neck-nlp/)** *(2002 · 1 497 citations)* Not read: this card is written from what is reliably known about the paper, and every idea is marked to check against the text.
2. **[CILI: the Collaborative Interlingual Index](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bond-2016-cili-collaborative-interlingual-index/)** *(2016 · 109 citations)* Many wordnets link to Princeton WordNet, while others are built independently and then linked, so the same concept often appears several times under different names.
3. **[Multiword expressions: linguistic precision and reusability](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2002-copestake-multiword-expressions-linguistic-precision-reusability/)** *(2002 · 80 citations)* The paper describes how the LinGO English Resource Grammar (ERG), a broad bidirectional HPSG grammar, encodes multiword expressions (MWEs) in a database.
4. **[English WordNet 2019 – An Open-Source WordNet for English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lex-2019-mccrae-english-wordnet/)** *(2019 · 55 citations)* The paper announces English WordNet 2019, an open-source revision of Princeton WordNet 3.1. It is developed on GitHub by many contributors, with quality checks borrowed from open-source software, instead of review by one expert lexicographer. The release keeps the 117,791 synsets of WordNet 3.1 but changes some…
5. **[SEM-I Rational MT: Enriching Deep Grammars with a Semantic Interface for Scalable Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/flickinger-2005-sem-i-rational-mt-enriching/)** *(2005 · 39 citations)* The paper describes the LOGON system, which translates Norwegian to English using minimal recursion semantics in a transfer module, with two existing broad-coverage deep grammars.
6. **[The Tembusu Treebank: An English Learner Treebank](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2022-costa-tembusu-treebank-english-learner-treebank/)** *(2022 · 2 citations)* The authors build a treebank from the NTU Corpus of Learner English, about 25,000 sentences of student assignments, of which 4,900 are annotated so far.
7. **[Extracting Semantic Transfer Rules from Parallel Corpora with SMT Phrase Aligners](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/haugereid-2012-extracting-semantic-transfer-rules-parallel/)** *(2012)* Transfer rules for the Japanese-to-English rule-based system Jaen are learned from a parallel corpus of about 20 million words, using SMT phrase aligners.

## Also in our library

12 more works of theirs are in our library without a page here yet; they will appear as we publish them.

## Co-authors here

11 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first.

- [Dan Flickinger](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dan-flickinger/) ×3
- [Ann Copestake](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ann-copestake/) ×2
- [Ivan A. Sag](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ivan-a-sag/) ×2
- [John P. McCrae](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/john-p-mccrae/) ×2
- [Timothy Baldwin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/timothy-baldwin/) ×2
- [Aline Villavicencio](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aline-villavicencio/)
- [Christiane Fellbaum](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christiane-fellbaum/)
- [Helge Dyvik](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/helge-dyvik/)
- [Jan Tore Lønning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jan-tore-lonning/)
- [Piek Vossen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/piek-vossen/)
- [Stephan Oepen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stephan-oepen/)

## Cited by

Papers of our library cite their works 730 times (of the 140 884 papers whose bibliographies we read); [55 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francis-bond/cited-by/).