--- title: "Gerasimos Spanakis — author profile and papers in our library" description: "Gerasimos Spanakis, Maastricht University: 3 papers on Elamur Research (2023–2026), h-index 19 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who…" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gerasimos-spanakis/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gerasimos-spanakis/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Gerasimos Spanakis # Gerasimos Spanakis Gerasimos Spanakis has 3 papers in our library, in 2023–2026, most of them on [Language models & pretraining](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/), [Question answering](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/question-answering/), [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/); often with [Abderrahmane Issam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/abderrahmane-issam/). 3 papers in our library · 2023–2026 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5010354377) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-0241) · [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88545001) · [**h-index 19**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5010354377) · [175 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5010354377) · [955 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5010354377&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 3 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gerasimos-spanakis/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 183 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gerasimos-spanakis/cited-by/) · [12 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #6092](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/61/#star-6092) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Gerasimos+Spanakis) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Gerasimos+Spanakis) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Gerasimos+Spanakis) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Gerasimos+Spanakis) ## Affiliations [🎓**Maastricht University** Maastricht · Netherlands 2016–2026 · 118 papersEmployment*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/maastricht-university/) · [🎓**National Technical University of Athens** Athens · Greece 2009–2012 · 5 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/national-technical-university-of-athens/) · [🎓**Utrecht University** Utrecht · Netherlands 2022–2024 · 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/utrecht-university/) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. ## Fields, topics and concepts Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each. 📚 Shelves 10 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Computer Science · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Arts and Humanities · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Social Sciences · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/) · [Artificial Intelligence · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Language and Linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [Law · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/law/) · [Political Science and International Relations · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/political-science-and-international-relations/) · [Psychology · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/) · [Safety Research · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/safety-research/) · [Social Psychology · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/social-psychology/) 🧭 Topics 7 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Information retrieval & search · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-retrieval/) · [Legal AI · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/legal-ai/) · [Question answering · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/question-answering/) · [Language models & pretraining · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Semitic languages · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Bias, fairness & safety · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/) 💡 Concepts 1 Key ideas and methods explained on our concept pages.[Retrieval-augmented generation · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/retrieval-augmented-generation/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2026** 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gerasimos-spanakis/year/2026/) · [**2023** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gerasimos-spanakis/year/2023/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Interpretable Long-Form Legal Question Answering with Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/louis-2023-interpretable-long-form-legal-question/)** *(2023 · 157 citations)* The paper addresses legal aid for laypeople. Existing legal QA systems either cover one narrow area of law or return only yes/no answers and short spans. The authors build a retrieve-then-read system that writes detailed answers to questions about any area of statutory law. A lightweight bi-encoder first fetches… 2. **[From FusHa to Folk: Exploring Cross-Lingual Transfer in Arabic Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/khalak-2026-fusha-folk-exploring-cross-lingual/)** *(2026 · 1 citation)* Arabic language models are mostly pretrained on Modern Standard Arabic (MSA, FusHa) and are expected to work on the spoken dialects (DA), whose distance from MSA varies widely. 3. **[WinoQueer-NL: Assessing Bias in Dutch Language Models toward LGBTQ+ Identities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/beuk-2026-winoqueer-nl-assessing-bias-dutch/)** *(2026)* Studies of anti-queer bias in language models have mostly targeted English, so Dutch models have gone largely untested. ## All works 15 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 3 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them. 1. **[Interpretable Long-Form Legal Question Answering with Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/louis-2023-interpretable-long-form-legal-question/) [Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/)**Antoine Louis, Gijs van Dijck, Gerasimos Spanakis*2023 · 157 citations* 2. **[A Statutory Article Retrieval Dataset in French ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.468/) Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Antoine Louis, Gerasimos Spanakis*2022 · 82 citations* 3. **[Finding the Law: Enhancing Statutory Article Retrieval via Graph Neural Networks ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2023.eacl-main.203/) Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**Antoine Louis, Gijs van Dijck, Gerasimos Spanakis*2023 · 44 citations* 4. **[Evaluating Bias In Dutch Word Embeddings ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2020.gebnlp-1.6/) Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing · no summary yet**Rodrigo Alejandro Chávez Mulsa, Gerasimos Spanakis*2020 · 30 citations* 5. **[LegalLens Shared Task 2024: Legal Violation Identification in Unstructured Text ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2024.nllp-1.33/) Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2024 · no summary yet**Ben Hagag et al.*2024 · 9 citations* 6. **[Evaluating LLM-Generated Legal Explanations for Regulatory Compliance in Social Media Influencer Marketing ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.nllp-1.12/) Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2025 · no summary yet**Haoyang Gui et al.*2025 · 5 citations* 7. **[Dutch CrowS-Pairs: Adapting a Challenge Dataset for Measuring Social Biases in Language Models for Dutch ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.ranlp-1.138/) Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing - Natural Language Processing in the Generative AI Era · no summary yet**Elza Strazda, Gerasimos Spanakis*2025 · 3 citations* 8. **[Across Platforms and Languages: Dutch Influencers and Legal Disclosures on Instagram, YouTube and TikTok ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12451) arXiv:2407.12451 · no summary yet**Haoyang Gui et al.*2024 · 3 citations* 9. [**From FusHa to Folk: Exploring Cross-Lingual Transfer in Arabic Language Models arXiv:2602.09826**Abdulmuizz Khalak, Abderrahmane Issam, Gerasimos Spanakis*2026 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/khalak-2026-fusha-folk-exploring-cross-lingual/) 10. **[Know When to Fuse: Investigating Non-English Hybrid Retrieval in the Legal Domain ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.coling-main.290/) Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**Antoine Louis, Gijs van Dijck, Gerasimos Spanakis*2025 · 1 citation* 11. [**WinoQueer-NL: Assessing Bias in Dutch Language Models toward LGBTQ+ Identities arXiv:2609.02651**Jiska Beuk, Gerasimos Spanakis*2026*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/beuk-2026-winoqueer-nl-assessing-bias-dutch/) 12. **[Improving Visual Sensitivity of LLMs on Multimodal Machine Translation with Metric-based Loss Weighting ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31169) arXiv:2609.31169 · no summary yet**Paweł M\kaka et al.*2026* 13. **[Linking Transparency and Accountability: Analysing The Connection Between TikTok's Terms of Service and Moderation Decisions ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.nllp-1.28/) Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2025 · no summary yet**Leonard Eßer, Gerasimos Spanakis*2025* 14. **[A Representation Level Analysis of NMT Model Robustness to Grammatical Errors ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.451/) Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025 · no summary yet**Abderrahmane Issam et al.*2025* 15. **[Low-Resource Machine Translation for Moroccan Arabic ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2025.lowresnlp-1.5/) Proceedings of the First Workshop on Advancing NLP for Low-Resource Languages · no summary yet**Alexei Rosca, Abderrahmane Issam, Gerasimos Spanakis*2025* ## Co-authors here 1 co-author with a page, the most papers together first. - [Abderrahmane Issam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/abderrahmane-issam/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2025 ×3 - [Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/): [Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2023](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/2023/) - Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025 - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing - Natural Language Processing in the Generative AI Era - Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) - Proceedings of the First Workshop on Advancing NLP for Low-Resource Languages - Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 183 times (of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read); [22 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gerasimos-spanakis/cited-by/). Updated 31 October 2026