--- title: "Jeremy Cole — author profile and papers — Elamur Research" description: "Jeremy Cole: 3 papers on Elamur Research (2022–2024), h-index 7 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites them in our library." canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jeremy-cole/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jeremy-cole/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Jeremy Cole # Jeremy Cole Jeremy Cole has 3 papers in our library, in 2022–2024, most of them on [Language models & pretraining](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/), [Knowledge graphs & ontologies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/knowledge-graphs/); often with [Bhuwan Dhingra](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bhuwan-dhingra/), [Daniel Gillick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-gillick/), [Jacob Eisenstein](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jacob-eisenstein/). 3 papers in our library · 2022–2024 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5090951421) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-5888) · [**h-index 7**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5090951421) · [22 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5090951421) · [247 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5090951421&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 3 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jeremy-cole/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 365 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jeremy-cole/cited-by/) · [1 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #3377](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/34/#star-3377) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Jeremy+Cole) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Jeremy+Cole) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Jeremy+Cole) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Jeremy+Cole) ## Affiliations [🏢**Google** Mountain View · United States 2019–2023 · 10 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google/) · [🎓**Pennsylvania State University** State College · United States 2016–2019 · 7 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/pennsylvania-state-university/) · [🏢**Google DeepMind** London · United Kingdom 2022–2023 · 4 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google-deepmind/) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 1 more institution on single bylines are not listed. ## Concepts, shelves and topics Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them. 📚 Shelves 6 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Computer Science · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Artificial Intelligence · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Language and Linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computer-vision-and-pattern-recognition/) · [Information Systems · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/information-systems/) 🧭 Topics 2 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Language models & pretraining · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Knowledge graphs & ontologies · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/knowledge-graphs/) 💡 Concepts 1 Key ideas and methods explained on our concept pages.[Knowledge representation and reasoning · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/knowledge-representation/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2024** 1 paper Gecko: Versatile Text Embeddings Distilled from Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lee-2024-gecko-versatile-text-embeddings-distilled/) · [**2023** 1 paper Selectively Answering Ambiguous Questions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cole-2023-selectively-answering-ambiguous-questions/) · [**2022** 1 paper Time-Aware Language Models as Temporal Knowledge Bases](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dhingra-2022-time-aware-language-models-as/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Time-Aware Language Models as Temporal Knowledge Bases](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dhingra-2022-time-aware-language-models-as/)** *(2022 · 344 citations)* Language models are often viewed as repositories of facts. However, many facts become outdated over time: someone changes club, position, or employer. Models, meanwhile, are trained on a snapshot of data collected at a particular moment. The authors from Google Research investigate how this affects the knowledge of… 2. **[Selectively Answering Ambiguous Questions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cole-2023-selectively-answering-ambiguous-questions/)** *(2023 · 78 citations)* Trustworthy language models should decline to answer when unsure. Earlier work on confidence estimation mostly assumed the question itself is clear, so that only the model's knowledge could be lacking. This paper separates two sources of doubt. Epistemic uncertainty means not knowing the fact. Denotational… 3. **[Gecko: Versatile Text Embeddings Distilled from Large Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lee-2024-gecko-versatile-text-embeddings-distilled/)** *(2024 · 72 citations)* General-purpose text embedding models need large, varied training data to work across many tasks, and human-labeled collections are costly and limited in coverage. ## All works 4 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 3 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them. 1. **[Time-Aware Language Models as Temporal Knowledge Bases](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dhingra-2022-time-aware-language-models-as/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Bhuwan Dhingra, Jeremy R. Cole, Julian Martin Eisenschlos, et al.*2022 · 344 citations* 2. **[Selectively Answering Ambiguous Questions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cole-2023-selectively-answering-ambiguous-questions/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Jeremy Cole, Michael Zhang, Daniel Gillick, et al.*2023 · 78 citations* 3. [**Gecko: Versatile Text Embeddings Distilled from Large Language Models arXiv:2403.20327**Jinhyuk Lee, Zhuyun Dai, Xiaoqi Ren, et al.*2024 · 72 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lee-2024-gecko-versatile-text-embeddings-distilled/) 4. **[Can Long-Context Language Models Subsume Retrieval, RAG, SQL, and More?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.13121) arXiv:2406.13121 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Jinhyuk Lee et al.*2024 · 51 citations* ## Co-authors here 11 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Bhuwan Dhingra](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bhuwan-dhingra/) ×2 - [Daniel Gillick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-gillick/) ×2 - [Jacob Eisenstein](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jacob-eisenstein/) ×2 - [Julian Eisenschlos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/julian-eisenschlos/) ×2 - [Daniel Cer](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/daniel-cer/) - [Jinhyuk Lee](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jinhyuk-lee/) - [Kai Hui](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kai-hui/) - [Michael Zhang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/michael-zhang/) - [William W. Cohen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/william-w-cohen/) - [Yi Luan](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yi-luan/) - [Zhuyun Dai](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zhuyun-dai/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/): [EMNLP 2023](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/2023/) - [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/): [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL) 2022](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/2022/) ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 365 times (of the 141,840 papers whose bibliographies we read); [28 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jeremy-cole/cited-by/). Updated 24 October 2026