---
title: "Matthew Shardlow — author profile and papers · English"
description: "Matthew Shardlow, Manchester Metropolitan University: 3 papers on Elamur Research (2013–2021), h-index 21 — affiliations, topics…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matthew-shardlow/"
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# Matthew Shardlow

Matthew Shardlow has 3 papers in our library, in 2013–2021, most of them on [English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/); often with [Marcos Zampieri](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marcos-zampieri/), [Richard Evans](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/richard-evans/), [Gustavo Paetzold](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gustavo-paetzold/).

3 papers in our library · 2013–2021

[OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5035746903) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-2750) · [**h-index 21**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5035746903) · [89 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5035746903) · [1,806 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5035746903&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14

[📄 3 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matthew-shardlow/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 561 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matthew-shardlow/cited-by/) · [23 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #3913](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/40/#star-3913)

The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart.

Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Matthew+Shardlow) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Matthew+Shardlow) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Matthew+Shardlow) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Matthew+Shardlow)

## Affiliations

[🎓**Manchester Metropolitan University** Manchester · United Kingdom 2018–2026 · 79 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/manchester-metropolitan-university/) · [🎓**University of Manchester** Manchester · United Kingdom 2013–2018 · 9 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-manchester/)

From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine.

## Concepts, shelves and topics

Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them.

📚 Shelves 6 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Artificial Intelligence · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Computer Science · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Developmental and Educational Psychology · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/developmental-and-educational-psychology/) · [Language and Linguistics · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [Psychology · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/psychology/)

🧭 Topics 1 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[English · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/)

## Works by year

### 2020s

[**2021** 2 papers Matthew Shardlow's papers of 2021](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matthew-shardlow/year/2021/)

### 2010s

[**2013** 1 paper A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shardlow-2013-comparison-techniques-automatically-identify-complex/)

## Papers

The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library).

1. **[A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shardlow-2013-comparison-techniques-automatically-identify-complex/)** *(2013 · 156 citations)* The paper tackles complex word (CW) identification, the first step of lexical simplification. Errors here carry forward: flagging too many words causes needless substitutions that can shift meaning, and flagging too few leaves hard words in the text. Shardlow noted that no direct comparison of CW identification…
2. **[SemEval-2021 Task 1: Lexical Complexity Prediction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shardlow-2021-semeval-2021-task-1-lexical/)** *(2021 · 155 citations)* This shared-task report argues that a binary "complex vs. simple" label for words loses information, because readers differ in background and in how strictly they define difficulty. The organisers therefore replace Complex Word Identification (CWI) with Lexical Complexity Prediction (LCP), where systems output a…
3. **[Predicting Lexical Complexity in English Texts: The Complex 2.0 Dataset](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shardlow-2021-predicting-lexical-complexity-english-texts/)** *(2021 · 49 citations)* The paper argues that Complex Word Identification (CWI) has been framed badly. Most work treats it as a binary decision, usually decided by whether any annotator marked a word as hard. The authors propose a continuous task instead, Lexical Complexity Prediction (LCP).

## All works

26 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 3 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them.

1. **[A Comparison of Techniques to Automatically Identify Complex Words.](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shardlow-2013-comparison-techniques-automatically-identify-complex/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/annual-meeting-of-the-association-for-computational-linguistics-proceedings-of/)**Matthew Shardlow*2013 · 156 citations*
2. **[SemEval-2021 Task 1: Lexical Complexity Prediction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shardlow-2021-semeval-2021-task-1-lexical/) [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/)**Matthew Shardlow, Richard Evans, Gustavo Henrique Paetzold, et al.*2021 · 155 citations*
3. **[Out in the Open: Finding and Categorising Errors in the Lexical Simplification Pipeline](https://aclanthology.org/L14-1403/) Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Shardlow, Matthew*2014 · 88 citations*
4. **[Findings of the TSAR-2022 Shared Task on Multilingual Lexical Simplification](https://aclanthology.org/2022.tsar-1.31/) Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility, and Readability (TSAR-2022) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Horacio Saggion et al.*2022 · 77 citations*
5. **[BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplification](https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.821/) Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · original ↗ · no summary yet**Tannon Kew et al.*2023 · 74 citations*
6. **[Lexical Simplification Benchmarks for English, Portuguese, and Spanish](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.05301) arXiv:2209.05301 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Sanja Stajner et al.*2022 · 60 citations*
7. **[Neural Text Simplification of Clinical Letters with a Domain Specific Phrase Table](https://aclanthology.org/P19-1037/) Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · original ↗ · no summary yet**Matthew Shardlow, Raheel Nawaz*2019 · 50 citations*
8. **[Predicting Lexical Complexity in English Texts: The Complex 2.0 Dataset](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shardlow-2021-predicting-lexical-complexity-english-texts/) [Language Resources and Evaluation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/language-resources-and-evaluation/)**Matthew Shardlow, Richard Evans, Marcos Zampieri*2021 · 49 citations*
9. **[The BEA 2024 Shared Task on the Multilingual Lexical Simplification Pipeline](https://aclanthology.org/2024.bea-1.51/) Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2024) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Matthew Shardlow et al.*2024 · 42 citations*
10. **[Deep Learning Approaches to Lexical Simplification: A Survey](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.12000) arXiv:2305.12000 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Kai North et al.*2023 · 40 citations*
11. **[An Extensible Massively Multilingual Lexical Simplification Pipeline Dataset using the MultiLS Framework](https://aclanthology.org/2024.readi-1.4/) Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Tools and Resources for People with REAding DIfficulties (READI) @ LREC-COLING 2024 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Matthew Shardlow et al.*2024 · 20 citations*
12. **[CombiNMT: An Exploration into Neural Text Simplification Models](https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.686/) Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference · original ↗ · no summary yet**Michael Cooper, Matthew Shardlow*2020 · 18 citations*
13. **[Investigating Text Simplification Evaluation](https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.77/) Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Laura Vásquez-Rodríguez et al.*2021 · 15 citations*
14. **[Multi-Word Lexical Simplification](https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-main.123/) Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics · original ↗ · no summary yet**Piotr Przybyła, Matthew Shardlow*2020 · 13 citations*
15. **[UoM&MMU at TSAR-2022 Shared Task: Prompt Learning for Lexical Simplification](https://aclanthology.org/2022.tsar-1.23/) Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility, and Readability (TSAR-2022) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Laura Vásquez-Rodríguez et al.*2022 · 12 citations*
16. **[Simple TICO-19: A Dataset for Joint Translation and Simplification of COVID-19 Texts](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.331/) Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference · original ↗ · no summary yet**Matthew Shardlow, Fernando Alva-Manchego*2022 · 11 citations*
17. **[MultiLS: A Multi-task Lexical Simplification Framework](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14972) arXiv:2402.14972 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Kai North et al.*2024 · 10 citations*
18. **[MultiLS: An End-to-End Lexical Simplification Framework](https://aclanthology.org/2024.tsar-1.1/) Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility and Readability (TSAR 2024) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Kai North et al.*2024 · 7 citations*
19. **[ALEXSIS+: Improving Substitute Generation and Selection for Lexical Simplification with Information Retrieval](https://aclanthology.org/2023.bea-1.33/) Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2023) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Kai North et al.*2023 · 7 citations*
20. **[Large Language Models for Biomedical Text Simplification: Promising But Not There Yet](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03871) arXiv:2408.03871 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Zihao Li et al.*2024 · 6 citations*
21. **[An Investigation into the Effect of Control Tokens on Text Simplification](https://aclanthology.org/2022.tsar-1.14/) Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility, and Readability (TSAR-2022) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Zihao Li, Matthew Shardlow, Saeed Hassan*2022 · 5 citations*
22. **[Simple is not Enough: Document-level Text Simplification using Readability and Coherence](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.18655) arXiv:2412.18655 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Laura Vasquez-Rodriguez et al.*2024 · 4 citations*
23. **[Efficient On-Device Text Simplification for Firefox with Synthetic Data Fine-Tuning](https://aclanthology.org/2025.tsar-1.7/) Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility and Readability (TSAR 2025) · original ↗ · no summary yet**Pablo Romero, Zihao Li, Matthew Shardlow*2025 · 1 citation*
24. **[Benchmarking Check-Worthiness Models on LLM Generated Claims](https://aclanthology.org/2026.indor-1.4/) Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026 · original ↗ · no summary yet**Charlie George Roadhouse, Matthew Shardlow, Ashley Williams*2026*
25. **[GPT-Based Lexical Simplification for Multi-Word Expressions Using Prompt Engineering](https://aclanthology.org/2025.ranlp-1.64/) Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing - Natural Language Processing in the Generative AI Era · original ↗ · no summary yet**Sardar Khan Khayamkhani, Matthew Shardlow*2025*

[See all 26 works by Matthew Shardlow →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matthew-shardlow/works/)

## Co-authors here

3 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first.

- [Marcos Zampieri](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marcos-zampieri/) ×2
- [Richard Evans](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/richard-evans/) ×2
- [Gustavo Paetzold](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gustavo-paetzold/)

## Venues

Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page.

- Proceedings of the Workshop on Text Simplification, Accessibility, and Readability (TSAR-2022) ×5
- Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (BEA 2023) ×2
- Proceedings of the Twelfth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference ×2
- [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/annual-meeting-of-the-association-for-computational-linguistics-proceedings-of/): [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop 2013](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/annual-meeting-of-the-association-for-computational-linguistics-proceedings-of/2013/)
- [Language Resources and Evaluation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/language-resources-and-evaluation/): [Language Resources and Evaluation 2021](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/language-resources-and-evaluation/2021/)
- [International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/): [SemEval 2021](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/2021/)
- Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021
- Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing - Natural Language Processing in the Generative AI Era
- Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Information Disorder (InDor) @ LREC 2026
- Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
- Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
- Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Tools and Resources for People with REAding DIfficulties (READI) @ LREC-COLING 2024

## Cited by

Papers of our library cite their works 561 times (of the 141,840 papers whose bibliographies we read); [15 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/matthew-shardlow/cited-by/).

Updated 24 October 2026