--- title: "Ninghao Liu — author profile and papers" description: "Ninghao Liu, Hong Kong Polytechnic University: 2 papers on Elamur Research (2023–2024), h-index 32 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites them…" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ninghao-liu/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ninghao-liu/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Ninghao Liu # Ninghao Liu Ninghao Liu has 2 papers in our library, in 2023–2024, most of them on [Language models & pretraining](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/), [Low-resource languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/low-resource-languages/), [Interpretability](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/); often with [Fan Yang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/fan-yang/), [Mengnan Du](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mengnan-du/), [Dawei Yin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dawei-yin/). 2 papers in our library · 2023–2024 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5007489034) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-2424) · [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130802974) · [**h-index 32**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5007489034) · [145 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5007489034) · [5,131 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5007489034&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 2 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ninghao-liu/#papers) · [🔗 192 citations in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ninghao-liu/cited-by/) · [2 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Star rank #2410](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/25/#star-2410) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Ninghao+Liu) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Ninghao+Liu) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Ninghao+Liu) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Ninghao+Liu) ## Affiliations [🎓**University of Georgia** Athens · United States 2021–2026 · 81 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-georgia/) · [🎓**Hong Kong Polytechnic University** Hong Kong · Hong Kong 2026 · 3 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hong-kong-polytechnic-university/) · [🎓**Sichuan University** Chengdu · China 2025–2026 · 2 papers*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/sichuan-university/) · [🎓**Texas A&M University** College Station · United States 2016–2022 · 37 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/texas-a-m-university/) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 6 more institutions on single bylines are not listed. ## Concepts, shelves and topics Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them. 📚 Shelves 4[Artificial Intelligence · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Arts and Humanities · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Computer Science · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Language and Linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) 🧭 Topics 3[Language models & pretraining · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Interpretability · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/) · [Low-resource languages · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/low-resource-languages/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2024** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2024-language-ranker-metric-quantifying-llm/) · [**2023** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhao-2023-explainability-large-language-models-survey/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[Explainability for Large Language Models: A Survey](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhao-2023-explainability-large-language-models-survey/)** *(2023 · 785 citations)* Large language models are widely deployed but remain opaque. This makes it hard to anticipate harmful outputs, hallucinations or hidden biases. This survey introduces no new data or models. Instead, it organizes the literature on explaining Transformer-based language models into a single taxonomy. Methods are split… 2. **[Language Ranker: A Metric for Quantifying LLM Performance Across High and Low-Resource Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2024-language-ranker-metric-quantifying-llm/)** *(2024 · 95 citations)* LLMs are trained on corpora dominated by English. For example, about 92.65% of GPT-3 tokens and 89.7% of LlaMa2 pre-training data are English. As a result, low-resource languages get weaker support, yet there are few quantitative ways to measure this gap. The authors propose Language Ranker, an intrinsic metric that… ## All works 4 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 2 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them. 1. **[Explainability for Large Language Models: A Survey](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhao-2023-explainability-large-language-models-survey/)**Haiyan Zhao, Hanjie Chen, Fan Yang, et al.*[ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and…](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-transactions-on-intelligent-systems-and-technology/) · 785 citations* 2. **[Language Ranker: A Metric for Quantifying LLM Performance Across High and Low-Resource Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2024-language-ranker-metric-quantifying-llm/)**Zihao Li, Yucheng Shi, Zirui Liu, et al.*[Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on…](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/) · 95 citations* 3. **[Artificial Intelligence Bias on English Language Learners in Automatic Scoring](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10643) (original ↗)**Shuchen Guo et al.*2025 · arXiv:2505.10643 · 15 citations · no summary yet* 4. **[Denoising Concept Vectors with Sparse Autoencoders for Improved Language Model Steering](https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-eacl.40/) (original ↗)**Haiyan Zhao et al.*2026 · Findings of the Association for Computational… · 3 citations · no summary yet* ## Co-authors here 7 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Fan Yang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/fan-yang/) ×2 - [Mengnan Du](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mengnan-du/) ×2 - [Dawei Yin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dawei-yin/) - [Haiyan Zhao](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/haiyan-zhao/) - [Hanjie Chen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hanjie-chen/) - [Shuaiqiang Wang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shuaiqiang-wang/) - [Zirui Liu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/zirui-liu/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - [ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-transactions-on-intelligent-systems-and-technology/): [2023](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-transactions-on-intelligent-systems-and-technology/2023/) - [Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial…](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/): [2024](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/proceedings-of-the-aaai-conference-on-artificial-intelligence/2024/) - Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics… ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 192 times (of the 141,840 papers whose bibliographies we read); [7 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ninghao-liu/cited-by/). Updated 24 October 2026