--- title: "Paolo Torroni · University of Bologna — author profile and papers" description: "Paolo Torroni, University of Bologna: 2 papers on Elamur Research (2018–2024), h-index 32 — affiliations, topics, co-authors and who cites…" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-torroni/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-torroni/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [authors](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/) / Paolo Torroni # Paolo Torroni Paolo Torroni has 2 papers in our library, in 2018–2024, most of them on [Evaluation & benchmarks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/), [Legal AI](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/legal-ai/), [English](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/); often with [Giuseppe Contissa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/giuseppe-contissa/), [Paolo Di Natale](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-di-natale/). 2 papers in our library · 2018–2024 [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/A5080634543) · [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9253-8638) · [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57438161) · [**h-index 32**](https://openalex.org/authors/A5080634543) · [446 works](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5080634543) · [4,058 citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5080634543&sort=cited_by_count:desc) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 [📄 2 works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-torroni/#papers) · [🔗 Cited 161 times in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-torroni/cited-by/) · [8 more in our library without a page yet](#also) · [⭐ Paper Stars ranking: #5999](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/paper-stars/page/60/#star-5999) The profile is the library's match of the name; two people with one name are not always told apart. Elsewhere: [Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&mauthors=Paolo+Torroni) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=Paolo+Torroni) · [dblp](https://dblp.org/search?q=Paolo+Torroni) · [ACL Anthology](https://aclanthology.org/search/?q=Paolo+Torroni) ## Affiliations [🎓**University of Bologna** Bologna · Italy 2000–2026 · 181 papersEmployment since 2015*current*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-bologna/) · [🎓**University of Modena and Reggio Emilia** Modena · Italy 2020–2023 · 2 papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-modena-and-reggio-emilia/) · [🎓**European University Institute** Florence · Italy 2020 · 2 papers](https://ror.org/0031wrj91) 🏛️**Università degli Studi di Bologna** Bologna · [Italy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/italy/) 1998–2015Education 1998–2002 · PhD, Electronics, Computer Science and SystemsEmployment since 2015 · Associate Professor, Computer Science an Engineering [🎓**University of L'Aquila** L’Aquila · Italy 1998–2002Education 1998–2002](https://ror.org/01j9p1r26) From the bylines of their papers (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14), ORCID and Wikidata; institutions on papers are matched by machine. 1 more institution on single bylines are not listed. ## Fields, topics and concepts Of its works in our library, with the number of works on each. 📚 Shelves 9 The field of science this work belongs to (OpenAlex fields).[Arts and Humanities · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · [Social Sciences · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/) · [Language and Linguistics · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · [General Social Sciences · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/general-social-sciences/) · [Political Science and International Relations · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/political-science-and-international-relations/) · [Safety Research · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/social-sciences/safety-research/) · [Artificial Intelligence · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · [Computer Science · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · [Information Systems · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/information-systems/) 🧭 Topics 3 Research subjects and languages the work is about.[Legal AI · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/legal-ai/) · [English · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/english/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2024** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-torroni/year/2024/) ### 2010s [**2018** 1 paper](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-torroni/year/2018/) ## Papers The most cited first (OpenAlex and our library). 1. **[CLAUDETTE: an Automated Detector of Potentially Unfair Clauses in Online Terms of Service](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lippi-2018-claudette-automated-detector-potentially-unfair/)** *(2018 · 246 citations)* Online Terms of Service (ToS) often contain clauses that EU consumer law (Directive 93/13) could treat as unfair. 2. **[Generation and Evaluation of English Grammar Multiple-Choice Cloze Exercises](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/donati-2024-generation-evaluation-english-grammar-multiple/)** *(2024)* The paper fine-tunes Llama 3 8B (4-bit, QLoRA) to write English grammar multiple-choice cloze items (a sentence with a gap, one key, one or more distractors) for 19 grammar topics. ## All works 10 works of theirs in our library, the most cited first; 2 with a page here, the others link their original until we summarise them. 1. [**CLAUDETTE: an Automated Detector of Potentially Unfair Clauses in Online Terms of Service arXiv:1805.01217 · Artif. Intell. Law 27 (2019) 117-139**Marco Lippi, Przemyslaw Palka, Giuseppe Contissa, et al.*2018 · 246 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lippi-2018-claudette-automated-detector-potentially-unfair/) 2. **[Argument Mining from Speech: Detecting Claims in Political Debates ↗](https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v30i1.10384) Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · no summary yet**Marco Lippi, Paolo Torroni*2016 · 105 citations* 3. **[Detecting and explaining unfairness in consumer contracts through memory networks ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-021-09288-2) Artificial Intelligence and Law (Springer) · no summary yet**Federico Ruggeri et al.*2021 · 49 citations* 4. **[A Corpus for Multilingual Analysis of Online Terms of Service ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2021.nllp-1.1/) Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2021 · no summary yet**Kasper Drawzeski et al.*2021 · 30 citations* 5. **[Cross-lingual Annotation Projection in Legal Texts ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-main.79/) Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**Andrea Galassi et al.*2020 · 16 citations* 6. **[Detecting Arguments in CJEU Decisions on Fiscal State Aid ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2022.argmining-1.14/) Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Argument Mining · no summary yet**Giulia Grundler et al.*2022 · 12 citations* 7. **[Combining WordNet and Word Embeddings in Data Augmentation for Legal Texts ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2022.nllp-1.4/) Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2022 · no summary yet**Sezen Perçin et al.*2022 · 10 citations* 8. **[AMELIA - Argument Mining Evaluation on Legal documents in ItAlian: A CALAMITA Challenge ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2024.clicit-1.124/) Proceedings of the Tenth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-it 2024) · no summary yet**Giulia Grundler et al.*2024 · 2 citations* 9. **[Automatic extraction and collection of legal principles from CJEU decisions on Fiscal State Aid ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-026-09526-5) Artificial Intelligence and Law (Springer) · no summary yet**Sezen Perçin et al.*2026* 10. [**Generation and Evaluation of English Grammar Multiple-Choice Cloze Exercises**Nicolò Donati, Matteo Periani, Paolo Di Natale, et al.*English*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/donati-2024-generation-evaluation-english-grammar-multiple/) ## Co-authors here 2 co-authors with a page, the most papers together first. - [Giuseppe Contissa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/giuseppe-contissa/) - [Paolo Di Natale](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-di-natale/) ## Venues Where their works here were published, the most works first, with the editions of those that have a page. - [Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/clicit/) ×2: [Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics 2024](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/clicit/2024/) - Artificial Intelligence and Law (Springer) ×2 - Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2021 ×2 - Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Argument Mining - Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence ## Cited by Papers of our library cite their works 161 times (of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read); [16 citing papers with a page here →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-torroni/cited-by/). Updated 2 November 2026