---
title: "Ryan Cotterell — all works — Elamur Research"
description: "All 53 works of Ryan Cotterell in the Elamur Research library, the most cited first: our summaries where we have them, else the original."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ryan-cotterell/works/"
---
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# Ryan Cotterell — all works

53 works · [← Ryan Cotterell](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ryan-cotterell/)

1. **[Gender Bias in Contextualized Word Embeddings](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhao-2019-gender-bias-contextualized-word-embeddings/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Jieyu Zhao, Tianlu Wang, Mark Yatskar, et al.*2019 · 508 citations*
2. **[Counterfactual Data Augmentation for Mitigating Gender Stereotypes in Languages with Rich Morphology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zmigrod-2019-counterfactual-data-augmentation-mitigating-gender/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Ran Zmigrod, Sabrina J. Mielke, Hanna Wallach, et al.*2019 · 376 citations*
3. **[Information-Theoretic Probing for Linguistic Structure](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pimentel-2020-information-theoretic-probing-linguistic-structure/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Tiago Pimentel, Josef Valvoda, Rowan Hall Maudslay, et al.*2020 · 298 citations*
4. **[Findings of the BabyLM Challenge: Sample-Efficient Pretraining on Developmentally Plausible Corpora ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2023.conll-babylm.1/) Proceedings of the BabyLM Challenge at the 27th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning · no summary yet**Alex Warstadt et al.*2023 · 232 citations*
5. **[UniMorph 2.0: Universal Morphology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kirov-2018-unimorph-2-0-universal-morphology/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Christo Kirov, Ryan Cotterell, John Sylak-Glassman, et al.*2018 · 223 citations*
6. **[It's All in the Name: Mitigating Gender Bias with Name-Based Counterfactual Data Substitution](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/maudslay-2019-it-s-all-name-mitigating/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Rowan Hall Maudslay, Hila Gonen, Ryan Cotterell, et al.*2019 · 181 citations*
7. **[The CoNLL–SIGMORPHON 2018 Shared Task: Universal Morphological Reinflection](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cotterell-2018-conll-sigmorphon-2018-shared-task/) [Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/conll/)**Ryan Cotterell, Christo Kirov, John Sylak-Glassman, et al.*2018 · 181 citations*
8. **[Joint Lemmatization and Morphological Tagging with Lemming](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/muller-2015-joint-lemmatization-morphological-tagging-lemming/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Thomas Müller, Ryan Cotterell, Alexander Fraser, et al.*2015 · 180 citations*
9. **[If beam search is the answer, what was the question?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/meister-2020-if-beam-search-is-answer/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Clara Meister, Ryan Cotterell, Tim Vieira*2020 · 163 citations*
10. **[Applying the Transformer to Character-level Transduction ↗](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.eacl-main.163) EACL 2021 (online) · no summary yet**Shijie Wu, Ryan Cotterell, Mans Hulden*2021 · 160 citations*
11. **[Testing the Predictions of Surprisal Theory in 11 Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wilcox-2023-testing-predictions-surprisal-theory-11/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Ethan G. Wilcox, Tiago Pimentel, Clara Meister, et al.*2023 · 159 citations*
12. **[Locally Typical Sampling](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/meister-2023-locally-typical-sampling/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Gian Wiher, et al.*2023 · 157 citations*
13. **[Are All Languages Equally Hard to Language-Model?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cotterell-2018-are-all-languages-equally-hard/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Ryan Cotterell, Sabrina J. Mielke, Jason Eisner, et al.*2018 · 148 citations*
14. **[Multimodal Pretraining Unmasked: A Meta-Analysis and a Unified Framework of Vision-and-Language BERTs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bugliarello-2021-multimodal-pretraining-unmasked-meta-analysis/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Emanuele Bugliarello, Ryan Cotterell, Naoaki Okazaki, et al.*2021 · 141 citations*
15. **[What Kind of Language Is Hard to Language-Model?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mielke-2019-what-kind-language-is-hard/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Sabrina J. Mielke, Ryan Cotterell, Kyle Gorman, et al.*2019 · 132 citations*
16. **[A Multi-Dialect, Multi-Genre Corpus of Informal Written Arabic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cotterell-2014-multi-dialect-multi-genre-corpus/) [Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/lrec/)**Ryan Cotterell, Chris Callison-Burch*2014 · 128 citations*
17. **[Examining Gender Bias in Languages with Grammatical Gender ↗](https://aclanthology.org/D19-1531/) Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) · no summary yet**Pei Zhou et al.*2019 · 127 citations*
18. **[Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/meister-2021-revisiting-uniform-information-density-hypothesis/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Patrick Haller, et al.*2021 · 124 citations*
19. **[Recurrent Neural Networks in Linguistic Theory: Revisiting Pinker and Prince (1988) and the Past Tense Debate](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kirov-2018-recurrent-neural-networks-linguistic-theory/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Christo Kirov, Ryan Cotterell*2018 · 124 citations*
20. **[State-of-the-art generalisation research in NLP: A taxonomy and review ↗](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00729-y) arXiv:2210.03050 · Nat Mach Intell 5, 1161-1174 (2023) · no summary yet**Dieuwke Hupkes et al.*2022 · 120 citations*
21. **[A Plug-and-Play Method for Controlled Text Generation ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-emnlp.334/) Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021 · no summary yet**Damian Pascual et al.*2021 · 110 citations*
22. **[Exact Hard Monotonic Attention for Character-Level Transduction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2019-exact-hard-monotonic-attention-character/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Shijie Wu, Ryan Cotterell*2019 · 103 citations*
23. **[Weighting Finite-State Transductions With Neural Context ↗](https://aclanthology.org/N16-1076/) Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · no summary yet**Pushpendre Rastogi, Ryan Cotterell, Jason Eisner*2016 · 102 citations*
24. **[Cross-lingual Character-Level Neural Morphological Tagging](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cotterell-2017-cross-lingual-character-level-neural/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Ryan Cotterell, Georg Heigold*2017 · 98 citations*
25. **[Modeling Word Forms Using Latent Underlying Morphs and Phonology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cotterell-2015-modeling-word-forms-latent-underlying/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Ryan Cotterell, Nanyun Peng, Jason Eisner*2015 · 98 citations*
26. **[Language Model Evaluation Beyond Perplexity ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.414/) Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Clara Meister, Ryan Cotterell*2021 · 94 citations*
27. **[Meaning to Form: Measuring Systematicity as Information ↗](https://aclanthology.org/P19-1171/) Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**Tiago Pimentel et al.*2019 · 88 citations*
28. **[Morphological Smoothing and Extrapolation of Word Embeddings ↗](https://aclanthology.org/P16-1156/) Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Ryan Cotterell, Hinrich Schütze, Jason Eisner*2016 · 87 citations*
29. **[BlonDe: An Automatic Evaluation Metric for Document-level Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jiang-2022-blonde-automatic-evaluation-metric-document/) [Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/naacl/)**Yuchen Jiang, Tianyu Liu, Shuming Ma, et al.*2022 · 85 citations*
30. **[Phonotactic Complexity and Its Trade-offs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pimentel-2020-phonotactic-complexity-its-trade-offs/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Tiago Pimentel, Brian Roark, Ryan Cotterell*2020 · 83 citations*
31. **[On Decoding Strategies for Neural Text Generators](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wiher-2022-decoding-strategies-neural-text-generators/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Gian Wiher, Clara Meister, Ryan Cotterell*2022 · 81 citations*
32. **[On the Complexity and Typology of Inflectional Morphological Systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cotterell-2019-complexity-typology-inflectional-morphological-systems/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Ryan Cotterell, Christo Kirov, Mans Hulden, et al.*2019 · 81 citations*
33. [**RecurrentGPT: Interactive Generation of (Arbitrarily) Long Text arXiv:2305.13304**Wangchunshu Zhou, Yuchen Eleanor Jiang, Peng Cui, et al.*2023 · 57 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhou-2023-recurrentgpt-interactive-generation-arbitrarily-long/)
34. **[Marrying Universal Dependencies and Universal Morphology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mccarthy-2018-marrying-universal-dependencies-universal-morphology/) [Universal Dependencies Workshop (UDW)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/udw/)**Arya D. McCarthy, Miikka Silfverberg, Ryan Cotterell, et al.*2018 · 48 citations*
35. [**A Simple Joint Model for Improved Contextual Neural Lemmatization**Chaitanya Malaviya, Shijie Wu, Ryan Cotterell*English · 39 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/malaviya-2019-simple-joint-model-improved-contextual/)
36. **[On the Role of Negative Precedent in Legal Outcome Prediction ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2023.tacl-1.3/) Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**Josef Valvoda, Ryan Cotterell, Simone Teufel*2023 · 36 citations*
37. **[A Cognitive Regularizer for Language Modeling ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.404/) Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Jason Wei, Clara Meister, Ryan Cotterell*2021 · 32 citations*
38. **[Best-First Beam Search](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/meister-2020-best-first-beam-search/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Clara Meister, Tim Vieira, Ryan Cotterell*2020 · 28 citations*
39. **[Translations of the Callhome Egyptian Arabic corpus for conversational speech translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kumar-2014-translations-callhome-egyptian-arabic-corpus/) [International Conference on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/iwslt/)**Gaurav Kumar, Yuan Cao, Ryan Cotterell, et al.*2014 · 28 citations*
40. **[A Cross-Linguistic Pressure for Uniform Information Density in Word Order](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/clark-2023-cross-linguistic-pressure-uniform-information/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Thomas Hikaru Clark, Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, et al.*2023 · 24 citations*
41. **[On the Proper Treatment of Tokenization in Psycholinguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/giulianelli-2024-proper-treatment-tokenization-psycholinguistics/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Mario Giulianelli, Luca Malagutti, Juan Luis Gastaldi, et al.*2024 · 23 citations*
42. [**A Rich Morphological Tagger for English: Exploring the Cross-Linguistic Tradeoff Between Morphology and Syntax**Christo Kirov, John Sylak-Glassman, Rebecca Knowles, et al.*English · 21 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kirov-2017-rich-morphological-tagger-english-exploring/)
43. **[Naturalistic Causal Probing for Morpho-Syntax](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/amini-2023-naturalistic-causal-probing-morpho-syntax/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Afra Amini, Tiago Pimentel, Clara Meister, et al.*2023 · 19 citations*
44. **[What About the Precedent: An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Common Law ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.181/) Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · no summary yet**Josef Valvoda et al.*2021 · 19 citations*
45. **[Discourse-Centric Evaluation of Document-level Machine Translation with a New Densely Annotated Parallel Corpus of Novels ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.435/) Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Yuchen Eleanor Jiang et al.*2023 · 18 citations*
46. [**Hexatagging: Projective Dependency Parsing as Tagging**Afra Amini, Tianyu Liu, Ryan Cotterell*English · 16 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/amini-2023-hexatagging-projective-dependency-parsing-as/)
47. **[Discourse Centric Evaluation of Machine Translation with a Densely Annotated Parallel Corpus ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.11142) arXiv:2305.11142 · ACL 2023 · no summary yet**Yuchen Eleanor Jiang et al.*2023 · 14 citations*
48. **[Towards Explainability in Legal Outcome Prediction Models ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.404/) Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers) · no summary yet**Josef Valvoda, Ryan Cotterell*2024 · 11 citations*
49. **[Can Language Models Learn Typologically Implausible Languages?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/xu-2026-can-language-models-learn-typologically/) [Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/tacl/)**Tianyang Xu, Tatsuki Kuribayashi, Yohei Oseki, et al.*2026 · 10 citations*
50. **[The Ethics of Automating Legal Actors ↗](https://aclanthology.org/2024.tacl-1.39/) Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**Josef Valvoda et al.*2024 · 5 citations*
51. [**Towards Developmentally Plausible Rewards: Communicative Success as a Learning Signal for Interactive Language Models arXiv:2505.05970**Lennart Stopler, Rufat Asadli, Mitja Nikolaus, et al.*2025 · 4 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/stopler-2025-towards-developmentally-plausible-rewards-communicative/)
52. **[Probing for Reading Times](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/tsipidi-2026-probing-reading-times/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Eleftheria Tsipidi, Samuel Kiegeland, Francesco Ignazio Re, et al.*2026 · 1 citation*
53. **[Prefix Parsing is Just Parsing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pasti-2026-prefix-parsing-is-just-parsing/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Clemente Pasti, Andreas Opedal, Timothy J. O'Donnell, et al.*2026*