---
title: "William A. Gale — all works — Elamur Research"
description: "All 30 works of William A. Gale in the Elamur Research library, the most cited first: our summaries where we have them, else the original."
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---
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# William A. Gale — all works

30 works · [← William A. Gale](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/william-a-gale/)

1. **[A Program for Aligning Sentences in Bilingual Corpora](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gale-1993-program-aligning-sentences-bilingual-corpora/) [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/)**William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church*1993 · 1,284 citations*
2. **[One Sense Per Discourse ↗](https://aclanthology.org/H92-1045/) Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Harriman, New York, February 23-26, 1992 · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church, David Yarowsky*1992 · 659 citations*
3. **[A method for disambiguating word senses in a large corpus ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00136984) Computers and the Humanities · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church, David Yarowsky*1992 · 649 citations*
4. **[A Stochastic Finite-State Word-Segmentation Algorithm for Chinese](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sproat-1996-stochastic-finite-state-word-segmentation/) [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/)**Richard W. Sproat, Chilin Shih, William Gale, et al.*1996 · 413 citations*
5. **[A Spelling Correction Program Based on a Noisy Channel Model](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kernighan-1990-spelling-correction-program-based-noisy/) [International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/coling/)**Mark D. Kernighan, Kenneth W. Church, William A. Gale*1990 · 328 citations*
6. **[Identifying word correspondence in parallel texts ↗](https://doi.org/10.3115/112405.112428) DARPA Workshop on Speech and Natural Language (HLT) · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church*1991 · 297 citations*
7. **[A comparison of the enhanced Good-Turing and deleted estimation methods for estimating probabilities of English bigrams ↗](https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-2308(91)90016-j) Computer Speech & Language · no summary yet**Kenneth Church, William A. Gale*1991 · 275 citations*
8. **[Poisson mixtures ↗](https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000139) Natural Language Engineering · no summary yet**Kenneth Church, William A. Gale*1995 · 246 citations*
9. **[Estimating Upper and Lower Bounds on the Performance of Word-Sense Disambiguation Programs ↗](https://aclanthology.org/P92-1032/) 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**William Gale, Kenneth Ward Church, David Yarowsky*1992 · 211 citations*
10. **[Probability scoring for spelling correction ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01889984) Statistics and Computing · no summary yet**Kenneth Church, William A. Gale*1991 · 210 citations*
11. **[Inverse Document Frequency (IDF): A Measure of Deviations from Poisson ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2390-9_18) Text, speech and language technology · no summary yet**Kenneth Church, William A. Gale*1999 · 177 citations*
12. **[Robust Bilingual Word Alignment for Machine Aided Translation ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2390-9_13) Text, speech and language technology · no summary yet**Ido Dagan, Kenneth Church, William A. Gale*1999 · 160 citations*
13. **[Work on Statistical Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation ↗](https://openalex.org/W125820043) no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church, David Yarowsky*1992 · 127 citations*
14. **[Parsing, Word Associations and Typical Predicate-Argument Relations ↗](https://aclanthology.org/H89-2012/) Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989 · no summary yet**Kenneth Church et al.*1989 · 113 citations*
15. **[Using Bilingual Materials to Develop Word Sense Disambiguation Methods ↗](https://openalex.org/W129342743) no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church, David Yarowsky*2005 · 103 citations*
16. **[Poor Estimates of Context are Worse than None ↗](https://aclanthology.org/H90-1056/) Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, June 24-27, 1990 · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church*1990 · 82 citations*
17. [**Identifying Word Correspondences in Parallel Texts Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Pacific Grove, California, February 19-22, 1991**William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church*1991 · 75 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gale-1991-identifying-word-correspondences-parallel-texts/)
18. **[Discrimination Decisions for 100,000-Dimensional Spaces ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-35958-8_22) Springer eBooks · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church, David Yarowsky*1994 · 45 citations*
19. **[What is wrong with adding one? ↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004653566_015) BRILL eBooks · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church*1994 · 36 citations*
20. **[Enhanced Good-Turing and Cat-Cal: Two New Methods for Estimating Probabilities of English Bigrams (abbreviated version)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/church-1989-enhanced-good-turing-cat-cal/) [DARPA Workshop on Speech and Natural Language (HLT)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/darpa-workshop-on-speech-and-natural-language-hlt/)**Kenneth W. Church, William A. Gale*1989 · 29 citations*
21. **[Aligning Parallel Texts : Do Methods Developed for English-French Generalize to Asian Languages? ↗](https://waseda.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/28408) Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · no summary yet**Kenneth Church et al.*1993 · 28 citations*
22. **[Estimation Procedures for Language Context: Poor Estimates are Worse than None ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50096-1_11) Physica-Verlag eBooks · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church*1990 · 24 citations*
23. **[Tagging French Without Lexical Probabilities — Combining Linguistic Knowledge And Statistical Learning ↗](https://arxiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9710002) arXiv:cmp-lg/9710002 · no summary yet**Evelyne Tzoukermann, Dragomir R. Radev, William A. Gale*1997 · 8 citations*
24. **[Inverse document frequency (IDF): A measure of deviation from poisson ↗](https://openalex.org/W7097242986) no summary yet**Kenneth Church et al.*1995 · 6 citations*
25. **[A statistical approach to aligning sentences in bilingual corpora ↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4537-2_21) Springer eBooks · no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church*1993 · 5 citations*
26. **[What's wrong with adding one ↗](https://openalex.org/W7100072249) no summary yet**William A. Gale, Kenneth Church*1994 · 3 citations*
27. **[Using OCR and equalization to downsample documents ↗](https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1994.576925) IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) · no summary yet**Oscar E. Agazzi, Kenneth Church, William A. Gale*1994 · 2 citations*
28. **[Fax: An Alternative to SGML ↗](https://aclanthology.org/C94-1085/) COLING 1994 Volume 1: The 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics · no summary yet**Kenneth W. Church et al.*1994 · 1 citation*
29. **[Fax: An Alternative to SGML ↗](https://openalex.org/W7098154024) no summary yet**Kenneth Church et al.*2007*
30. **[Word Associations and Typical Predicate-Argument Relations ↗](https://openalex.org/W7100566861) no summary yet**Kenneth Church et al.*1989*