---
title: "Canada — research institutions, scientists and papers"
description: "Canada: 27 institutions with papers in our library in 11 agglomerations, 136 people with a page, 258 works, 251,774 citations."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/"
---
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# Canada

Country 27 institutions in 11 agglomerations · [all countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/)

[**27** institutions with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/#institutions) · [**11** agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/#agglomerations) · [**136** people with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/#authors) · [**258** works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/#works) · [**251,774** citations of their works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/#works)

## About

### Profile

The research institutions of [Canada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ca/) gathered here are those whose scientists contributed more than one of the papers held in this library. This is a directory of places, not a single organisation. Universities, independent research institutes, a government body, a hospital, a bank's research arm and a technology company appear side by side. Each is placed according to how much cited work its own researchers produced there. The list therefore shows where, on this site, Canadian research output is concentrated. It is not a census of Canadian science. Institutions with only one paper here, or none, do not appear. Readers who want to compare Canada with other countries, or see other kinds of organisation, can go to the wider [directory of institutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/).

The institutions lie in many parts of the country. They run from Vancouver and Burnaby on the Pacific coast, through Edmonton and Winnipeg on the prairies, to a dense band of cities in Ontario and Quebec, and on to Fredericton and Halifax in the Atlantic provinces. The weight of the list falls clearly on two metropolitan areas, Montreal and Toronto. Together they account for most of the institutions near the top and a large share of the entries further down.

### How the list is ordered

The order reflects the cited work done by each institution's scientists while they worked there. It is not a simple tally of papers or of raw citation totals, and the two can diverge. Some institutions with a modest number of papers in our library sit high because those papers are heavily cited. Others with a broad set of papers sit lower than their totals alone would suggest. For example, the [University of British Columbia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-british-columbia/) has a large and well-cited body of work here, yet it appears below several institutions with smaller citation totals. Likewise, [HEC Montréal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hec-montreal/) has only a handful of papers in our library but a citation footprint larger than that of many institutions with more papers.

These differences arise because the ordering credits work to the scientists who did it at a given place. The list is best read as a guide to where cited research was carried out among the works here, not as a judgement of the institutions themselves.

### Montreal

Montreal is the most strongly represented city. The institution at the head of the list is the [Université de Montréal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universite-de-montreal/). Among the Canadian entries on this site, it has the largest citation total and one of the largest sets of works. Its position at the top shows that a large share of the most cited Canadian work in this library was done by scientists based there.

Next to it is [Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mila-quebec-artificial-intelligence-institute/), a research institute in the same city. As its name indicates, it is devoted to artificial intelligence. Its high place, despite fewer papers than the largest universities, points to a concentrated body of cited work. The presence of both the Université de Montréal and Mila near the top makes Montreal the clearest focus of Canadian research among the works here.

[McGill University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/mcgill-university/) is another Montreal university with a substantial number of works in our library, and it sits in the upper part of the list. Further down are [Polytechnique Montréal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/polytechnique-montreal/), an engineering-oriented university, and HEC Montréal, already noted for its unusually high citation total relative to its small number of works. [Concordia University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/concordia-university/) also appears, with a smaller and less cited presence.

Outside the city, Quebec is represented by the [Université de Sherbrooke](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universite-de-sherbrooke/). It contributes a small number of papers to this library.

### Toronto

Toronto is the second major centre. The [University of Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/) is second in the list overall. Its set of works in our library is about as large as that of the Université de Montréal, and its citation total is among the highest of any Canadian institution here.

Several research institutes in Toronto also appear. The [Canadian Institute for Advanced Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/canadian-institute-for-advanced-research/) ranks high despite a relatively small number of works. Its citation total exceeds that of several large universities further down the list. The [Vector Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/vector-institute/), also a research institute, has a moderate number of works with a solid citation total. The [Royal Bank of Canada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/royal-bank-of-canada/) is listed here as a research institute rather than as a bank. It contributes a few papers, showing that research done in a financial company is part of the Canadian picture on this site.

The city's presence also extends into medicine. The [Hospital for Sick Children](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/hospital-for-sick-children/) is the only hospital among the Canadian institutions listed. Its few papers have a citation total that is high for so small a group. [York University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/york-university/) completes the Toronto entries with a modest but well-cited set of works.

### Waterloo, Ottawa and the rest of Ontario

Beyond Toronto, Ontario has more institutions in this list than any other province. The [University of Waterloo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-waterloo/) ranks high and has one of the larger sets of works among Canadian institutions on this site. In the same city is [Google (Canada)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google-canada/), the only entry described as a company. It contributes a small number of papers, and their citation total is sizeable for so few.

Ottawa, the national capital, hosts the [National Research Council Canada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/national-research-council-canada/). It is the only government body among the entries. Its set of works is among the largest of any Canadian institution here, and its citation total places it in the upper group. Government research is therefore a substantial part of the Canadian output in this library, not a marginal one. The [University of Ottawa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-ottawa/) is also present, with a smaller group of papers.

Several other Ontario universities complete the provincial picture. They are [McMaster University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/mcmaster-university/) in Hamilton, [Queen's University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/queen-s-university/) in Kingston, [Ontario Tech University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/ontario-tech-university/) in Oshawa and [Western University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/western-university/) in London. Each contributes a small set of works. Among them, Ontario Tech University has a citation total that is notable for an institution with so few papers in our library.

### Western Canada

On the Pacific coast, the University of British Columbia in Vancouver is the main western institution in the library. Its set of works is one of the largest of any Canadian entry, and its citation total is among the very highest of them. As discussed above, the ordering places it in the middle of the upper group rather than at the very top. Nearby in Burnaby, [Simon Fraser University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/simon-fraser-university/) contributes a smaller but well-cited body of work.

On the prairies, the [University of Alberta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-alberta/) in Edmonton has a moderate number of works in our library. The [University of Manitoba](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-manitoba/) in Winnipeg has only a few papers. Those papers have a citation total far above what their number alone would suggest, comparable to institutions with several times as many works here.

### Atlantic Canada

The Atlantic provinces are represented by a pair of universities. [Dalhousie University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/dalhousie-university/) in Halifax has a small set of works with a modest citation total. The [University of New Brunswick](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-new-brunswick/) in Fredericton contributes a few papers that, so far, have attracted little citation. These universities extend the list from coast to coast, but on this site the east of the country plays a smaller part than central Canada or the west.

### Kinds of institutions

Most of the Canadian institutions in the library are universities. They range from very large ones with broad and heavily cited output, such as the Université de Montréal, the University of Toronto and the University of British Columbia, to smaller ones with only a few papers here. Universities appear in every region represented.

Alongside them are several independent research institutes, and these stand out for the share of cited work they hold relative to their size on this site. Mila, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and the Vector Institute all sit in the upper part of the list. Mila is in Montreal and the other two are in Toronto. Their presence suggests that, among the works here, a notable portion of Canada's most cited research is linked to dedicated institutes rather than to university departments alone. Mila's name identifies artificial intelligence as its subject. The fields of the other institutes are not stated in this directory, and their individual pages are the place to see what their papers cover.

The remaining entries widen the range of settings in which Canadian research on this site was done. The National Research Council Canada represents government science. The Hospital for Sick Children represents clinical and medical research. Google (Canada) and the research arm listed under the Royal Bank of Canada represent industry. This mix means the Canadian presence in the library is not confined to academia.

### Geography and clustering

Taken together, the list shows research on this site concentrated along a corridor of cities in Quebec and Ontario. Montreal and Toronto hold most of the highly placed institutions and also several of the smaller ones. Waterloo and Ottawa each pair a significant non-university body with a university: Google (Canada) and the University of Waterloo in one, the National Research Council Canada and the University of Ottawa in the other. Western Canada is represented mainly by the Vancouver area and Edmonton, with Winnipeg as a smaller but well-cited presence. The Atlantic region is present but modest.

Co-location in the same city does not by itself show that these institutions worked together. The directory lists each institution on its own terms and does not show joint papers or partnerships between them. Readers interested in collaborations, the scientists behind the work, or the individual papers and their topics should follow the links to each institution's page. Those pages set out the people and works associated with each place on this site.

### Reading the list

Because the list includes only institutions with more than one paper in this library, it reflects the library's holdings rather than Canadian research as a whole. As the collection grows, institutions may be added and the order may change. On this site, the picture is clear. Montreal and Toronto are the strongest concentrations of cited Canadian work. Large universities and a small number of research institutes account for much of it. Government, hospital and industry research all contribute to the Canadian presence here.

## Where

## Agglomerations (11)

1. [**Montreal**7 institutions*100,848 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/montreal/)
2. [**Toronto**8 institutions*77,095 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/)
3. [**Vancouver**2 institutions*36,949 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/vancouver/)
4. [**Ottawa**2 institutions*18,930 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/ottawa/)
5. [**Kitchener**2 institutions*12,845 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/kitchener/)
6. [**Winnipeg**1 institution*2,348 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/winnipeg/)
7. [**Edmonton**1 institution*2,099 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/edmonton/)
8. [**Kingston**1 institution*784 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/kingston/)
9. [**Halifax**1 institution*356 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/halifax/)
10. [**London**1 institution*105 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/london-ca/)
11. [**Sherbrooke**1 institution*12 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/sherbrooke/)

## Institutions (27)

### 🎓 Universities (20)

**[Université de Montréal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universite-de-montreal/)**University · [Montreal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/montreal/), Canada*42 works · 71,559 citations*

**[University of Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-toronto/)**University · [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/), Canada*40 works · 49,261 citations*

**[University of British Columbia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-british-columbia/)**University · [Vancouver](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/vancouver/), Canada*34 works · 32,862 citations*

**[University of Waterloo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-waterloo/)**University · [Waterloo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/kitchener/), Canada*36 works · 11,969 citations*

**[HEC Montréal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hec-montreal/)**University · [Montreal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/montreal/), Canada*2 works · 9,514 citations*

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes (4)

**[Canadian Institute for Advanced Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/canadian-institute-for-advanced-research/)**Research institute · [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/), Canada*11 works · 15,436 citations*

**[Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mila-quebec-artificial-intelligence-institute/)**Research institute · [Montreal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/montreal/), Canada*20 works · 11,663 citations*

**[Vector Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/vector-institute/)**Research institute · [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/), Canada*13 works · 3,747 citations*

**[Royal Bank of Canada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/royal-bank-of-canada/)**Research institute · [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/), Canada*2 works · 433 citations*

### 🏢 Companies (1)

**[Google (Canada)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google-canada/)**Company · [Waterloo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/kitchener/), Canada*2 works · 876 citations*

### 🏛️ Government research bodies (1)

**[National Research Council Canada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/national-research-council-canada/)**Government body · [Ottawa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/ottawa/), Canada*36 works · 16,873 citations*

### 🏥 Hospitals and medical centres (1)

**[Hospital for Sick Children](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/hospital-for-sick-children/)**Hospital · [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/), Canada*2 works · 3,620 citations*

[See all 27 institutions →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/institutions/)

## People (136)

Authors with a page confirmed at its institutions, the most cited first.

[🧑‍🔬**Yoshua Bengio** Université de Montréal 23 papers here · 99,938 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yoshua-bengio/) · [🧑‍🔬**Kyunghyun Cho** Université de Montréal 33 papers here · 77,787 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kyunghyun-cho/) · [🧑‍🔬**Dzmitry Bahdanau** Université de Montréal 6 papers here · 56,164 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dzmitry-bahdanau/) · [🧑‍🔬**Bart van Merriënboer** Université de Montréal 2 papers here · 34,907 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bart-van-merrienboer/) · [🧑‍🔬**Ian Goodfellow** Université de Montréal 5 papers here · 32,142 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ian-goodfellow/) · [🧑‍🔬**Caglar Gulcehre** Université de Montréal 4 papers here · 30,888 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/caglar-gulcehre/) · [🧑‍🔬**Ruslan Salakhutdinov** University of Toronto 13 papers here · 28,906 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ruslan-salakhutdinov/) · [🧑‍🔬**Geoffrey Hinton** University of Toronto 5 papers here · 25,530 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/geoffrey-hinton/) · [🧑‍🔬**Kelvin Xu** Université de Montréal 5 papers here · 15,588 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kelvin-xu/) · [🧑‍🔬**Aaron Courville** Université de Montréal 7 papers here · 15,544 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aaron-courville/) · [🧑‍🔬**Ryan Lowe** McGill University 7 papers here · 15,218 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ryan-lowe/) · [🧑‍🔬**Dale Schuurmans** University of Alberta 4 papers here · 14,959 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dale-schuurmans/)

[See all 136 people →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/people/)

## Works in our library (258)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**Array Programming with NumPy**Charles R. Harris, K. Jarrod Millman, Stéfan J. van der Walt, et al.*2020 · 23,591 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/harris-2020-array-programming-numpy/)
2. [**Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate**Dzmitry Bahdanau, Kyunghyun Cho, Yoshua Bengio*2014 · 18,908 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bahdanau-2014-neural-machine-translation-jointly-learning/)
3. [**Graph Attention Networks**Petar Veličkovic, Guillem Cucurull, Arantxa Casanova, et al.*2017 · 8,996 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/veli-vckovic-2017-graph-attention-networks/)
4. [**On the Properties of Neural Machine Translation: Encoder-Decoder Approaches**Kyunghyun Cho, Bart van Merrienboer, Dzmitry Bahdanau, et al.*2014 · 7,734 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cho-2014-properties-neural-machine-translation-encoder/)
5. [**Show, Attend and Tell: Neural Image Caption Generation with Visual Attention**Kelvin Xu, Jimmy Ba, Ryan Kiros, et al.*2015 · 7,483 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/xu-2015-show-attend-tell-neural-image/)
6. [**Intriguing properties of neural networks**Christian Szegedy, Wojciech Zaremba, Ilya Sutskever, et al.*2013 · 5,870 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/szegedy-2013-intriguing-properties-neural-networks/)
7. [**Lexicon-Based Methods for Sentiment Analysis**Maite Taboada, Julian Brooke, Milan Tofiloski, et al.*2011 · 3,556 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/taboada-2011-lexicon-based-methods-sentiment-analysis/)
8. [**HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering**Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, et al.*2018 · 3,489 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yang-2018-hotpotqa-dataset-diverse-explainable-multi/)
9. [**MIMIC-IV, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset**Alistair E. W. Johnson, Lucas Bulgarelli, Lu Shen, et al.*2023 · 3,385 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/johnson-2023-mimic-iv-freely-accessible-electronic/)
10. [**Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books**Yukun Zhu, Ryan Kiros, Richard Zemel, et al.*2015 · 3,030 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhu-2015-aligning-books-movies-towards-story/)
11. [**A Survey of Large Language Models**Wayne Xin Zhao, Kun Zhou, Junyi Li, et al.*2023 · 2,847 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhao-2023-survey-large-language-models/)
12. [**Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down? Semantic Orientation Applied to Unsupervised Classification of Reviews**Peter Turney*2002 · 2,826 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/turney-2002-thumbs-up-or-thumbs-down/)
13. [**Word Representations: A Simple and General Method for Semi-Supervised Learning**Joseph Turian, Lev-Arie Ratinov, Yoshua Bengio*2010 · 2,421 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/turian-2010-word-representations-simple-general-method/)
14. [**Named Entity Recognition with Bidirectional LSTM-CNNs**Jason P. C. Chiu, Eric Nichols*2015 · 2,276 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chiu-2015-named-entity-recognition-bidirectional-lstm/)
15. [**Automatic Retrieval and Clustering of Similar Words**Dekang Lin*1998 · 2,060 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lin-1998-automatic-retrieval-clustering-similar-words/)
16. [**Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?**Saizheng Zhang, Emily Dinan, Jack Urbanek, et al.*2018 · 1,839 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhang-2018-personalizing-dialogue-agents-i-have/)
17. [**Attention-Based Models for Speech Recognition**Jan Chorowski, Dzmitry Bahdanau, Dmitriy Serdyuk, et al.*2015 · 1,776 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chorowski-2015-attention-based-models-speech-recognition/)
18. [**A Structured Self-attentive Sentence Embedding**Zhouhan Lin, Minwei Feng, Cicero Nogueira dos Santos, et al.*2017 · 1,773 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lin-2017-structured-self-attentive-sentence-embedding/)
19. [**Evaluating WordNet-based Measures of Lexical Semantic Relatedness**Alexander Budanitsky, Graeme Hirst*2006 · 1,610 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/budanitsky-2006-evaluating-wordnet-based-measures-lexical/)
20. [**Sequence Transduction with Recurrent Neural Networks**Alex Graves*2012 · 1,396 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/graves-2012-sequence-transduction-recurrent-neural-networks/)
21. [**Unifying Visual-Semantic Embeddings with Multimodal Neural Language Models**Ryan Kiros, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Richard S. Zemel*2014 · 1,315 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kiros-2014-unifying-visual-semantic-embeddings-multimodal/)
22. [**A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models**Humza Naveed, Asad Ullah Khan, Shi Qiu, et al.*2023 · 1,286 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/naveed-2023-comprehensive-overview-large-language-models/)
23. [**SemEval-2016 Task 6: Detecting Stance in Tweets**Saif Mohammad, Svetlana Kiritchenko, Parinaz Sobhani, et al.*2016 · 1,196 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mohammad-2016-semeval-2016-task-6-detecting/)
24. [**StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models**Moin Nadeem, Anna Bethke, Siva Reddy*2021 · 1,131 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nadeem-2021-stereoset-measuring-stereotypical-bias-pretrained/)
25. [**SemEval-2018 Task 1: Affect in Tweets**Saif Mohammad, Felipe Bravo-Marquez, Mohammad Salameh, et al.*2018 · 1,092 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mohammad-2018-semeval-2018-task-1-affect/)

[See all 258 works →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/canada/works/)

## Topics

Topics of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

[Language models & pretraining (39)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Machine translation (31)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks (27)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Semitic languages (27)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Sentiment & emotion (23)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Discourse analysis (18)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Dialogue systems (16)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dialogue-systems/) · [Coreference resolution (14)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP (14)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions (9)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Reasoning (8)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) · [Question answering (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/question-answering/) · [Low-resource languages (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/low-resource-languages/) · [Information retrieval & search (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-retrieval/) · [Speech act theory (6)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech-act-theory/) · [Summarization (6)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/summarization/) · [Morphology (5)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/) · [Hebrew & Aramaic (5)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Vision & language (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/) · [Named entity recognition (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/named-entity-recognition/) · [Treebanks (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/) · [Text generation (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/text-generation/) · [Efficient models & compression (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/efficient-models/) · [Universal Dependencies (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/universal-dependencies/) · [Lexical semantics & word embeddings (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/lexical-semantics/) · [Legal AI (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/legal-ai/) · [Bias, fairness & safety (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/) · [Akkadian and cuneiform NLP (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/akkadian-cuneiform-nlp/) · [Implicature (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/implicature/) · [Semantic role labeling (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-role-labeling/) · [Information extraction (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-extraction/) · [Speech & spoken language (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech/) · [Knowledge graphs & ontologies (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/knowledge-graphs/)

## Fields

[Linguistics & languages (108)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Natural language processing (93)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/) · [Machine translation (23)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) · [Mathematics & statistics (11)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [AI & machine learning (6)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/ai/) · [Computing & GPUs (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computing/) · [Law (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/law/)

## Works by year

200,020,102,020

- [← back to](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/) — countries