--- title: "Iceland — research institutions, scientists and papers" description: "Iceland: 1 institutions with papers in our library in 1 agglomerations, 1 people with a page, 2 works, 250 citations." canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/) / Iceland # Iceland Country 1 institution in 1 agglomeration · [all countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/) [**1** institution with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/#institutions) · [**1** agglomeration](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/#agglomerations) · [**1** person with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/#authors) · [**2** works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/#works) · [**250** citations of their works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/#works) ## About ### Profile Iceland is one of the [countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/) on this site, and its presence here is small and tightly focused. All of its research on the site comes from one institution in one city region. The institution is the [Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/arni-magnusson-institute-for-icelandic-studies/), classed here as a university and located in [Reykjavik](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/reykjavik/). One researcher at that institute has a confirmed author profile: [Steinþór Steingrímsson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stein-thor-steingrimsson/). The works linked to the country are two overview papers on machine translation. So Iceland's profile here is the profile of that institute and that researcher. Readers should not take it as a picture of Icelandic science as a whole. It shows only the slice of Iceland's research that has reached this library so far, and that slice sits entirely in the language sciences, in computational work on translation between languages. The country's research can be found through its [institutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/institutions/) and its [city regions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/iceland/agglomerations/). Both views lead to the same place: Reykjavik and the Árni Magnússon Institute. ### History Iceland's history on this site is short. The two works that carry its affiliation appeared in consecutive years, 2024 and 2025. Both belong to the same yearly series, the findings reports of the general machine translation shared task in the WMT evaluation campaign. The first report, from 2024, came at a point its title describes as the arrival of the era of large language models. Its message was that this shift had not yet solved machine translation. The second, from 2025, kept the same subject and the same kind of collaborative overview. Its emphasis moved to the test material used to judge systems, and it argued that evaluation should stop relying on easy test sets. Seen together, the two works show one continuous line of participation. Iceland's research here does not start in one field and drift into another. It enters through machine translation evaluation and stays there across both years. ### Research profile The country's works fall under two topics on this site: [machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) and [evaluation and benchmarks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/). On the broader shelves of the library they belong to [linguistics and languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) and to the [machine translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) shelf. Both works appear on every one of these topics and shelves. That overlap shows how narrow and consistent the profile is. The first strand is machine translation itself, the automatic rendering of text from one language into another. The two findings reports review the systems entered in a common task and set out how well they translate. Both describe a field where most systems are now built on large language models. In 2024 those models were described as increasingly common, and in 2025 as the main approach. The second strand is evaluation. These reports compare many systems on shared material, so how that comparison is done is central to them. The 2025 report makes evaluation its headline concern, calling for an end to easy test sets. The 2024 report weighs what the arrival of large language models means for the quality of translation. Its answer is that the problem remains open. For an institute devoted to Icelandic studies, this work places language scholarship in the middle of current computational research on translation. The works themselves are general overviews across many systems and languages. Among the works here, none is a stand-alone study of Icelandic. ### Leading scientists [Steinþór Steingrímsson](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stein-thor-steingrimsson/) is the one researcher connected to Iceland on this site. Steingrímsson's affiliation is the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies. The two WMT general translation findings reports, from 2024 and 2025, make up Steingrímsson's work here, and each is the product of a large author team. Through this work, Steingrímsson takes part in the collective assessment of translation systems at a time of rapid change in methods. The two reports share a focus on how systems perform and how that performance should be measured. Steingrímsson's author profile also counts citations from beyond the two works tied to the country. This suggests the researcher's wider body of work reaches past what is shown under Iceland alone. ### Landmark works The more cited of the two works is [Findings of the WMT24 General Machine Translation Shared Task](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kocmi-2024-findings-wmt24-general-machine-translation/), published in 2024, with Tom Kocmi as first author. Its full subtitle states its main conclusion: the large language model era has arrived, but machine translation is not yet solved. The report looks at how translation systems performed in that year's general task. It pays particular attention to the growing number built on large language models. It draws on a broad base of earlier literature, and many papers in our library cite it. The second work is [Findings of the WMT25 General Machine Translation Shared Task](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kocmi-2025-findings-wmt25-general-machine-translation/), from 2025, again led by Tom Kocmi. Its subtitle argues that the time has come to stop evaluating on easy test sets. The report examines systems that are now mostly based on large language models. Its framing suggests concern that easy material may hide real differences between systems or overstate how good they are. It rests on an even wider set of references than its predecessor and has already gathered a substantial number of citing papers here. Together the two reports form a pair. The first records the shift to large language models and warns against assuming the task is finished. The second turns to how such systems should be tested from then on. ### Labs and units The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies is the only Icelandic institution with works in our library. No separate departments, laboratories or member units are shown for it. It is the one unit through which all of Iceland's research here passes, and it accounts for every citation the country has on the site. ### Collaborations Both of Iceland's works are large collaborative reports. Tom Kocmi is first author on each. Eleftherios Avramidis appears among the early authors of both. Rachel Bawden is among the first named authors of the 2024 report, and Ekaterina Artemova among those of the 2025 report. Both author lists continue well beyond these names, as is typical of reports that summarise a shared task with many participating teams. The institutional affiliations of these co-authors are not set out here. For that reason this overview does not name partner institutions or partner countries. What can be said is that Iceland's research on this site happens inside a wide multi-author effort. Steinþór Steingrímsson and the Árni Magnússon Institute contribute to a common evaluation rather than to separate national projects. Within Iceland, no links between universities and companies appear on this site, because only one institution is represented. ### Timeline 2024: The country's first work in our library appears: the findings report of the WMT24 general machine translation shared task, with Steinþór Steingrímsson among its authors through the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies in Reykjavik. The report covers translation systems increasingly built on large language models and concludes that machine translation remains unsolved. It becomes the most cited of Iceland's works here. 2025: A second findings report follows for the WMT25 general machine translation shared task, again with participation from the same institute and researcher. Its focus moves toward evaluation practice, arguing that easy test sets are no longer good enough for judging systems that are now mostly based on large language models. Across these two years, Iceland's research on this site forms one coherent line within linguistics and machine translation. It is centred on a single institute in Reykjavik and on the shared assessment of how well machines translate and how that should be measured. ## Where ## Agglomerations (1) 1. [**Reykjavik**1 institution*250 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/reykjavik/) ## Institutions (1) ### 🎓 Universities (1) **[Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/arni-magnusson-institute-for-icelandic-studies/)**University · [Reykjavik](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/reykjavik/), Iceland*2 works · 250 citations* ## People (1) Authors with a page confirmed at its institutions, the most cited first. [🧑‍🔬**Steinþór Steingrímsson** Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies 2 papers here · 268 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/stein-thor-steingrimsson/) ## Works in our library (2) Works of its institutions, the most cited first. 1. [**Findings of the WMT24 General Machine Translation Shared Task: The LLM Era Is Here but MT Is Not Solved Yet**Tom Kocmi, Eleftherios Avramidis, Rachel Bawden, et al.*2024 · 177 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kocmi-2024-findings-wmt24-general-machine-translation/) 2. [**Findings of the WMT25 General Machine Translation Shared Task: Time to Stop Evaluating on Easy Test Sets**Tom Kocmi, Ekaterina Artemova, Eleftherios Avramidis, et al.*2025 · 73 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kocmi-2025-findings-wmt25-general-machine-translation/) ## Concepts, shelves and topics Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them. 📚 Shelves 2[Linguistics & languages · 2 works · 10.9](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Machine translation · 2 works · 10.9](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) 🧭 Topics 2[Evaluation & benchmarks · 2 works · 10.9](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Machine translation · 2 works · 10.9](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) ## Works by year ### 2020s [**2025** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kocmi-2025-findings-wmt25-general-machine-translation/) · [**2024** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kocmi-2024-findings-wmt24-general-machine-translation/) - [← back to](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/) — countries