---
title: "Spain — research institutions, scientists and papers"
description: "Spain: 17 institutions with papers in our library in 9 agglomerations, 56 people with a page, 140 works, 51,065 citations."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/"
---
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# Spain

Country 17 institutions in 9 agglomerations · [all countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/)

[**17** institutions with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/#institutions) · [**9** agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/#agglomerations) · [**56** people with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/#authors) · [**140** works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/#works) · [**51,065** citations of their works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/#works)

## About

### Profile

Spain appears in this library as a group of institutions whose researchers contributed to the papers collected here. The country listing includes a body only when its scientists wrote more than one paper in our library, so it describes the Spanish institutions with a repeated presence in the collection rather than Spanish science as a whole. Most entries are universities, alongside a nonprofit research foundation and a research institute, spread across many cities. The Spanish listing is one view within the library's wider directory of [research organisations of all kinds](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/).

The institutions are ordered by the cited research their scientists carried out while affiliated with them. This order is not the same as ranking by total citations or by the number of papers. Some institutions with a modest number of works rank above others with more, and the most heavily cited are not always first. The list therefore shows both how much each institution contributed and how that work was received by later research.

### The institutions at the top of the list

The first entry is the [University of the Basque Country](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-the-basque-country/), based in Leioa. On this site it combines a large number of works with a strong citation record, and no other Spanish institution in the collection matches it on both measures. Its place at the top reflects a body of cited work spread over many papers rather than a single highly cited contribution.

Second is [Universitat Pompeu Fabra](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-pompeu-fabra/) in Barcelona. Among the Spanish institutions here it has one of the larger sets of works. Its citation total is lower than those of some institutions ranked below it, so its position comes from steady, broad output rather than from the highest citation counts.

Third is [Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-politecnica-de-catalunya/), also in Barcelona. Its works here have received more citations in total than those of any other Spanish institution on the list. Its rank shows that the ordering weighs more than raw citations, but it is clearly one of the most cited bodies of Spanish research in the library.

Next come two universities in the east of the country: [Universitat Politècnica de València](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-politecnica-de-valencia/) in Valencia and the [University of Alicante](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-alicante/) in Alicante. Both have a solid set of works in our library. The Valencia institution has the stronger citation record of the two, while the Alicante university has a slightly larger number of papers but fewer citations. Together they form a second group below the three leaders.

### The middle of the list

[Universitat de Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-de-barcelona/) follows, with a smaller number of works that are fairly well cited. After it comes the [Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/institucio-catalana-de-recerca-i-estudis-avancats/), a Barcelona-based nonprofit and the only nonprofit among the Spanish entries. Its presence shows that Spanish research on this site is not produced only by universities, though only a few works are credited to the foundation itself.

The [Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universidad-nacional-de-educacion-a-distancia/) in Madrid comes next. It has very few works here, but their citation record places it ahead of several institutions with more.

The most striking case in the middle of the list is [Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-autonoma-de-barcelona/), located in Cerdanyola del Vallès. It has very few works in our library, yet they have been cited heavily, ranking just behind the leading three on citations alone. This points to one or a very small number of widely used contributions rather than a broad output. The gap between its citation total and its rank is the clearest sign that the ordering is not based on citations alone.

### The rest of the list

Further down is the [Universidade de Santiago de Compostela](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universidade-de-santiago-de-compostela/) in Santiago de Compostela, with a handful of moderately cited works. It is followed by the [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universidad-autonoma-de-madrid/), whose few works here have so far received little citation.

The [Barcelona Supercomputing Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/barcelona-supercomputing-center/) is the only entry described as a research institute. It has a fair number of works in our library, more than several universities ranked above it, but they have so far drawn few citations. This may simply mean its papers are recent or serve a specialised readership. The listing itself does not say which.

The [Universitat Rovira i Virgili](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-rovira-i-virgili/) in Tarragona and the [Universidad de Granada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universidad-de-granada/) in Granada come next. Both have small sets of works, with Granada's somewhat better cited. Then comes the [Universitat de València](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-de-valencia/), whose small output has gained more citations than several institutions ranked above it.

Near the end is the [Universidade da Coruña](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universidade-da-coruna/) in A Coruña. It contributes a fairly large number of works by the standards of the lower part of the list, but with modest citations, a pattern similar to the Barcelona Supercomputing Center. The [University of Castilla-La Mancha](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-castilla-la-mancha/) in Ciudad Real closes the list, with a few works that have received very little citation so far.

### Geography

The listing shows a marked concentration in Barcelona. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona, the Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center are all based in the city. Add Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in Cerdanyola del Vallès and Universitat Rovira i Virgili in Tarragona, and a large share of the Spanish institutions on this site, and much of their cited work, comes from a small number of nearby places.

Valencia is a second centre, with both Universitat Politècnica de València and Universitat de València. The University of Alicante adds a further eastern presence.

Madrid has two entries, the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia and the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Each has a small number of works here, so on this site the capital plays a smaller part than Barcelona or Valencia.

The north-west is represented by Galicia's two cities on the list, Santiago de Compostela and A Coruña. The University of the Basque Country in Leioa gives the north its most cited body of work among the Spanish institutions here. In the south, Granada is the only city listed, and the centre of the country is represented by Ciudad Real through the University of Castilla-La Mancha.

### Kinds of institution

Universities dominate the Spanish entries. They cover several types: general universities such as Universitat de Barcelona and the Universidad de Granada, technical universities such as the two polytechnics in Barcelona and Valencia, and a distance-learning university in the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. The two polytechnics rank high, especially Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. This suggests that engineering and technical research makes up a visible part of Spain's presence in the library, although the listing does not describe research fields directly.

The two non-university entries differ in nature. The Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats is a nonprofit, and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center is a research institute. Both are in Barcelona, which adds to the city's weight in the listing. Their different citation records show that institutions of a similar kind can have quite different profiles on this site.

### Patterns of output and citation

Taken together, the Spanish entries show several distinct patterns. One group pairs many works with many citations; the University of the Basque Country and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya are the clearest examples. A second pattern is a small output with a very high citation record, seen most strongly at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and to a lesser extent at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia and Universitat de València. A third pattern is a relatively large output with few citations so far, seen at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center and the Universidade da Coruña.

These patterns show why the ranking weighs more than one measure. An institution with a single widely cited paper and one with many lightly cited papers each say something different about Spanish research in the collection, and the order tries to balance the two. Readers comparing institutions should look at both the size of each body of work and how it has been taken up, rather than relying on position alone.

### Scope

Everything in this overview describes Spanish institutions only as far as their researchers appear in the papers held in this library. Institutions with a single paper here are not listed, and Spanish research outside the collection is not covered. As the library grows, the set of institutions, their order and the balance between cities and types of institution may change. The individual institution pages linked above give a closer view of each one's works, people and topics on this site.

## Where

## Agglomerations (9)

1. [**Barcelona**6 institutions*31,969 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/barcelona/)
2. [**Bilbao**1 institution*14,069 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/bilbao/)
3. [**Valencia**2 institutions*3,001 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/valencia/)
4. [**Alacant / Alicante**1 institution*1,079 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/alicante/)
5. [**Madrid**2 institutions*253 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/madrid/)
6. [**Granada**1 institution*250 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/granada/)
7. [**A Coruña**1 institution*169 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/a-coruna/)
8. [**Tarragona**1 institution*53 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/tarragona/)
9. [**Ciudad Real**1 institution*6 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/ciudad-real/)

## Institutions (17)

### 🎓 Universities (15)

**[Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-politecnica-de-catalunya/)**University · [Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/barcelona/), Spain*22 works · 15,068 citations*

**[University of the Basque Country](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-the-basque-country/)**University · [Leioa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/bilbao/), Spain*34 works · 14,069 citations*

**[Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-autonoma-de-barcelona/)**University · [Cerdanyola del Vallès](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/barcelona/), Spain*2 works · 9,816 citations*

**[Universitat Pompeu Fabra](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-pompeu-fabra/)**University · [Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/barcelona/), Spain*27 works · 5,604 citations*

**[Universitat Politècnica de València](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-politecnica-de-valencia/)**University · [Valencia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/valencia/), Spain*13 works · 2,713 citations*

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes (1)

**[Barcelona Supercomputing Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/barcelona-supercomputing-center/)**Research institute · [Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/barcelona/), Spain*7 works · 30 citations*

### 🤝 Nonprofits (1)

**[Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/institucio-catalana-de-recerca-i-estudis-avancats/)**Nonprofit · [Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/barcelona/), Spain*3 works · 205 citations*

[See all 17 institutions →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/institutions/)

## People (56)

Authors with a page confirmed at its institutions, the most cited first.

[🧑‍🔬**Eneko Agirre** University of the Basque Country 18 papers here · 11,403 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eneko-agirre/) · [🧑‍🔬**Mikel Artetxe** University of the Basque Country 15 papers here · 8,025 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/mikel-artetxe/) · [🧑‍🔬**Lluís Màrquez** Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 11 papers here · 5,880 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lluis-marquez/) · [🧑‍🔬**Bernd Bohnet** Universitat Pompeu Fabra 13 papers here · 4,972 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bernd-bohnet/) · [🧑‍🔬**Gorka Labaka** University of the Basque Country 7 papers here · 3,514 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gorka-labaka/) · [🧑‍🔬**Miguel Ballesteros** Universitat Pompeu Fabra 8 papers here · 3,161 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/miguel-ballesteros/) · [🧑‍🔬**Xavier Carreras** Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya 5 papers here · 3,067 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xavier-carreras/) · [🧑‍🔬**Paolo Rosso** Universitat Politècnica de València 8 papers here · 2,937 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/paolo-rosso/) · [🧑‍🔬**German Rigau** University of the Basque Country 9 papers here · 2,658 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/german-rigau/) · [🧑‍🔬**Francesco Barbieri** Universitat Pompeu Fabra 6 papers here · 2,164 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/francesco-barbieri/) · [🧑‍🔬**Nuria Bel** Universitat Pompeu Fabra 2 papers here · 2,152 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nuria-bel/) · [🧑‍🔬**Marta Recasens** Universitat de Barcelona 9 papers here · 2,102 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marta-recasens/)

[See all 56 people →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/people/)

## Works in our library (140)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**Graph Attention Networks**Petar Veličkovic, Guillem Cucurull, Arantxa Casanova, et al.*2017 · 8,996 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/veli-vckovic-2017-graph-attention-networks/)
2. [**SemEval-2016 Task 5: Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis**Maria Pontiki, Dimitris Galanis, Haris Papageorgiou, et al.*2016 · 1,656 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pontiki-2016-semeval-2016-task-5-aspect/)
3. [**Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing via Large Pre-Trained Language Models: A Survey**Bonan Min, Hayley Ross, Elior Sulem, et al.*2021 · 1,548 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/min-2021-recent-advances-natural-language-processing/)
4. [**SemEval-2019 Task 5: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter**Valerio Basile, Cristina Bosco, Elisabetta Fersini, et al.*2019 · 1,311 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/basile-2019-semeval-2019-task-5-multilingual/)
5. [**On the Cross-lingual Transferability of Monolingual Representations**Mikel Artetxe, Sebastian Ruder, Dani Yogatama*2020 · 1,168 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/artetxe-2020-cross-lingual-transferability-monolingual-representations/)
6. [**A Study on Similarity and Relatedness Using Distributional and WordNet-based Approaches**Eneko Agirre, Enrique Alfonseca, Keith Hall, et al.*2009 · 1,117 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agirre-2009-study-similarity-relatedness-distributional-wordnet/)
7. [**SemEval-2012 Task 6: A Pilot on Semantic Textual Similarity**Eneko Agirre, Daniel Cer, Mona Diab, et al.*2012 · 1,107 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agirre-2012-semeval-2012-task-6-pilot/)
8. [**Introduction to the CoNLL-2005 Shared Task: Semantic Role Labeling**Xavier Carreras, Lluís Màrquez*2005 · 899 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/carreras-2005-introduction-conll-2005-shared-task/)
9. [**Transition-Based Dependency Parsing with Stack Long Short-Term Memory**Chris Dyer, Miguel Ballesteros, Wang Ling, et al.*2015 · 857 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dyer-2015-transition-based-dependency-parsing-stack/)
10. [**A robust self-learning method for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mappings of word embeddings**Mikel Artetxe, Gorka Labaka, Eneko Agirre*2018 · 847 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/artetxe-2018-vecmap-unsupervised/)
11. [**Findings of the 2019 Conference on Machine Translation (WMT19)**Loïc Barrault, Ondřej Bojar, Marta R. Costa-jussà, et al.*2019 · 839 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/barrault-2019-findings-2019-conference-machine-translation/)
12. [**SemEval-2016 Task 1: Semantic Textual Similarity, Monolingual and Cross-Lingual Evaluation**Eneko Agirre, Carmen Banea, Daniel Cer, et al.*2016 · 820 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agirre-2016-semeval-2016-task-1-semantic/)
13. [**DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Images**Minesh Mathew, Dimosthenis Karatzas, C.V. Jawahar*2020 · 820 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mathew-2020-docvqa-dataset-vqa-document-images/)
14. [**SemEval-2014 Task 10: Multilingual Semantic Textual Similarity**Eneko Agirre, Carmen Banea, Claire Cardie, et al.*2014 · 783 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agirre-2014-semeval-2014-task-10-multilingual/)
15. [**SemEval-2015 Task 2: Semantic Textual Similarity, English, Spanish and Pilot on Interpretability**Eneko Agirre, Carmen Banea, Claire Cardie, et al.*2015 · 758 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agirre-2015-semeval-2015-task-2-semantic/)
16. [**The CoNLL 2008 Shared Task on Joint Parsing of Syntactic and Semantic Dependencies**Mihai Surdeanu, Richard Johansson, Adam Meyers, et al.*2008 · 728 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/surdeanu-2008-conll-2008-shared-task-joint/)
17. [**Learning bilingual word embeddings with (almost) no bilingual data**Mikel Artetxe, Gorka Labaka, Eneko Agirre*2017 · 681 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/artetxe-2017-learning-bilingual-word-embeddings-almost/)
18. [***SEM 2013 shared task: Semantic Textual Similarity**Eneko Agirre, Daniel Cer, Mona Diab, et al.*2013 · 658 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/agirre-2013-sem-2013-shared-task-semantic/)
19. [**The CoNLL-2009 Shared Task: Syntactic and Semantic Dependencies in Multiple Languages**Jan Hajič, Massimiliano Ciaramita, Richard Johansson, et al.*2009 · 631 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hajic-2009-conll-2009-shared-task-syntactic/)
20. [**Massively Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Beyond**Mikel Artetxe, Holger Schwenk*2018 · 627 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/artetxe-2018-massively-multilingual-sentence-embeddings-zero/)
21. [**FreeLing 3.0: Towards Wider Multilinguality**Lluís Padró, Evgeny Stanilovsky*2012 · 610 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/padro-2012-freeling-3-0-wider-multilinguality/)
22. [**CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies**Daniel Zeman, Martin Popel, Milan Straka, et al.*2017 · 604 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeman-2017-conll-2017-shared-task-multilingual/)
23. [**Learning principled bilingual mappings of word embeddings while preserving monolingual invariance**Mikel Artetxe, Gorka Labaka, Eneko Agirre*2016 · 533 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/artetxe-2016-learning-principled-bilingual-mappings-word/)
24. [**SVMTool: A general POS Tagger Generator Based on Support Vector Machines**Jesús Giménez, Lluís Màrquez*2004 · 451 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gimenez-2004-svmtool-general-pos-tagger-generator/)
25. [**Quality at a Glance: An Audit of Web-Crawled Multilingual Datasets**Julia Kreutzer, Isaac Caswell, Lisa Wang, et al.*2021 · 447 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kreutzer-2021-quality-glance-audit-web-crawled/)

[See all 140 works →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/spain/works/)

## Topics

Topics of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

[Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP (25)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Machine translation (19)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Sentiment & emotion (15)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks (12)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Coreference resolution (11)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Low-resource languages (10)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/low-resource-languages/) · [Semitic languages (8)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Dependency parsing (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dependency-parsing/) · [Speech & spoken language (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech/) · [Semantic role labeling (6)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-role-labeling/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions (6)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Universal Dependencies (5)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/universal-dependencies/) · [Morphology (5)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/) · [Language models & pretraining (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Text generation (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/text-generation/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) · [Bias, fairness & safety (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/) · [Discourse analysis (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Part-of-speech tagging (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/part-of-speech-tagging/) · [Word sense disambiguation (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/word-sense-disambiguation/) · [Dialogue systems (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dialogue-systems/) · [Reasoning (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) · [Hebrew & Aramaic (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Interpretability (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/) · [Vision & language (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/) · [Akkadian and cuneiform NLP (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/akkadian-cuneiform-nlp/) · [Treebanks (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/) · [Question answering (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/question-answering/) · [Information extraction (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-extraction/) · [Information retrieval & search (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-retrieval/) · [Historical linguistics & language change (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-change/)

## Fields

[Linguistics & languages (94)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Natural language processing (41)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/) · [Machine translation (28)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) · [AI & machine learning (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/ai/) · [Mathematics & statistics (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/)

## Works by year

200,020,102,020

- [← back to](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/) — countries