---
title: "United States — research institutions, scientists and papers"
description: "United States: 193 institutions with papers in our library in 66 agglomerations, 1,835 people with a page, 2,808 works, 3,754,534 citations."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/"
---
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# United States

Country 193 institutions in 66 agglomerations · [all countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/)

[**193** institutions with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/#institutions) · [**66** agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/#agglomerations) · [**1,835** people with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/#authors) · [**2,808** works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/#works) · [**3,754,534** citations of their works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/#works)

## About

### Profile

This page gathers the research institutions in the United States that appear in the library. An institution is included once its researchers have written more than one of the papers held on the site. The listing covers universities, independent research institutes and companies, so academic departments sit beside corporate laboratories. Institutions are ordered by the cited work their scientists produced at that institution. They are not ordered by size, age or any outside measure. The listing runs over several pages, and the first of them, described here, holds the institutions with the largest body of cited work in our library. The second page, third page and fourth page continue the list. A wider index of [all kinds of organizations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/) is also available.

The overview reflects only the papers in this library. An institution's place here shows how its researchers' work is represented on the site. It is not a judgment of that institution's standing in science generally. Many of the institutions named have research far beyond the collection, and the list should be read as a map of where the library's papers were written.

### How the list is ordered

The order depends on citations to the work done at each institution. It does not depend on how many papers each one contributed. The two often diverge. Some institutions near the top have a large body of papers on the site. Others reach a high position with a fairly small set of works that are cited heavily. For example, [OpenAI](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/openai/) and [Hugging Face](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/hugging-face/) both appear among the early entries even though only a modest number of their papers are held here. Further down, [Quansight](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/quansight/) and the [University of South Florida](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-south-florida/) each have only a handful of works on the site, yet those works attract a great deal of citation.

The opposite pattern also appears. Some institutions contribute many papers but sit lower in the order than their volume might suggest, because the citations are spread more thinly across their work. Readers comparing institutions should keep both dimensions in mind. Each entry links to the institution's own page, which shows its works, people and topics in more detail.

### Universities

Universities make up the largest part of the list. [Stanford University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/stanford-university/) appears near the very top, and [Carnegie Mellon University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/carnegie-mellon-university/) and the [University of California, Berkeley](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-berkeley/) follow closely. Carnegie Mellon stands out for the breadth of its contribution: among the institutions on this first page, it has one of the largest sets of papers in the library. Berkeley reaches a high position with a smaller body of work that is very widely cited.

On the West Coast, the [University of Washington](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-washington/) in Seattle is another major academic contributor. The University of California system appears several times. Besides Berkeley, the list includes the [University of California, Los Angeles](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-los-angeles/), the [University of California, Irvine](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-irvine/), the [University of California San Diego](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-san-diego/) and the [University of California, Santa Barbara](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-santa-barbara/). The [University of Southern California](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-southern-california/) adds a second Los Angeles institution.

The Northeast is represented by a dense cluster. New York City is home to [New York University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/new-york-university/) and [Columbia University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/columbia-university/). Cambridge, Massachusetts, contributes the [Massachusetts Institute of Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/) and [Harvard University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/harvard-university/). Further entries are the [University of Pennsylvania](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-pennsylvania/) in Philadelphia, [Johns Hopkins University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/johns-hopkins-university/) in Baltimore, [Cornell University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/cornell-university/) in Ithaca, [Princeton University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/princeton-university/), [Yale University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/yale-university/) in New Haven and [Brown University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/brown-university/) in Providence. The [University of Massachusetts Amherst](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-massachusetts-amherst/) and the [University of Maryland, College Park](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-maryland-college-park/) complete this regional group on the first page. Johns Hopkins and the University of Pennsylvania each contribute a substantial number of papers.

The Midwest and South appear as well. The [University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-illinois-urbana-champaign/), the [University of Michigan](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-michigan/), [The Ohio State University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/the-ohio-state-university/), the [University of Notre Dame](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-notre-dame/) and the [University of Chicago](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-chicago/) represent the central states. In the South and Southeast, the list includes the [Georgia Institute of Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/georgia-institute-of-technology/) in Atlanta, the [University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-north-carolina-at-chapel-hill/), [Duke University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/duke-university/) in Durham and the [University of Virginia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-virginia/) in Charlottesville. [The University of Texas at Austin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/the-university-of-texas-at-austin/) and the [University of Colorado Boulder](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-colorado-boulder/) carry the list into the Southwest and the Mountain West. Pittsburgh appears twice, through Carnegie Mellon and the [University of Pittsburgh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-pittsburgh/).

Several of these universities show the gap between volume and citation described above. Notre Dame, Chicago and UC San Diego each have a fairly compact set of papers here that is nonetheless widely cited. Ohio State and Maryland, by contrast, contribute more papers whose citations are spread more evenly.

### Companies

Companies are unusually prominent on this list. [Google](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google/), based in Mountain View, is the first entry overall, with a large and heavily cited body of work on the site. Its parent company, [Alphabet](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/alphabet/), appears separately with a small number of papers. [Meta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/meta/) in Menlo Park and [Microsoft](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/microsoft/) in Redmond also rank among the first entries. Each contributes many papers alongside the top universities.

Other corporate contributors include [IBM](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/ibm/), listed under Armonk, and [AT&T](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/at-t/), listed under Bedminster. Seattle-based [Amazon](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/amazon/), San Francisco's [Salesforce](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/salesforce/) and [Nvidia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/nvidia/) of Santa Clara also appear. Several entries are firms whose output on the site is small in volume but high in citation: OpenAI in San Francisco, Hugging Face in New York and Quansight in Austin. The presence of these firms shows that much of the work in this library comes from industrial research groups as well as from academic ones.

### Research institutes

Independent and affiliated research institutes form a third group. The [Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/allen-institute-for-artificial-intelligence/) in Seattle is the most prominent of them. It contributes a large body of papers, more than many of the universities listed. The [IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/ibm-research-thomas-j-watson-research-center/) in Yorktown Heights is listed separately from IBM itself, with a smaller and widely cited body of work. The [MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mit-computer-science-and-artificial-intelligence-laboratory/) in Cambridge likewise appears alongside its parent university. The [International Computer Science Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/international-computer-science-institute/) in Berkeley contributes a small number of papers.

The names of these institutes point toward computer science and artificial intelligence. Together with the corporate laboratories on the list, they suggest that much of the library's American content concerns computing. A fuller account of fields and topics, however, is best taken from each institution's own page, where its works and topics are listed.

### Geography

The institutions on this first page are spread across the country, but several metropolitan areas stand out. The San Francisco Bay Area has the densest concentration. It includes Stanford, Berkeley and the International Computer Science Institute, as well as Google and Alphabet in Mountain View, Meta in Menlo Park, OpenAI and Salesforce in San Francisco, and Nvidia in Santa Clara. Seattle forms a second hub, with the University of Washington, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Amazon, and Microsoft nearby in Redmond.

On the East Coast, Cambridge brings together MIT, Harvard and MIT's computer science laboratory. New York City hosts New York University, Columbia University and Hugging Face. Pittsburgh joins Carnegie Mellon and the University of Pittsburgh. Los Angeles has both UCLA and the University of Southern California. Austin is home to The University of Texas at Austin and Quansight. Other contributors are spread more widely, in college towns such as Ithaca, Amherst, Ann Arbor, Urbana, Chapel Hill, Boulder and Notre Dame, and in cities such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Columbus, Tampa and Providence.

### Reading the list

Taken together, the first page shows a research landscape in which large companies, independent institutes and universities all contribute heavily to the papers held in this library. No single kind of institution dominates. Corporate laboratories occupy several of the highest positions, while universities supply the greatest number of entries and much of the depth.

Because the order is based on citations to the work done at each institution, it changes as papers are added to the library and as existing papers gather citations. The institutions below those named here continue on the later pages. Each individual entry leads to a fuller profile with that institution's people, works and topics on this site.

## Where

## Agglomerations (66)

1. [**San Francisco Bay Area**25 institutions*994,288 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/)
2. [**New York**22 institutions*380,280 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/new-york-city/)
3. [**Seattle**5 institutions*376,498 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/seattle/)
4. [**Boston**19 institutions*201,258 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/)
5. [**Austin**4 institutions*177,075 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/austin/)
6. [**Pittsburgh**2 institutions*159,422 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/pittsburgh/)
7. [**Los Angeles**7 institutions*127,094 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/los-angeles/)
8. [**Baltimore**4 institutions*85,711 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/baltimore/)
9. [**Philadelphia**5 institutions*84,622 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/philadelphia/)
10. [**Chicago**5 institutions*79,313 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/chicago/)
11. [**Champaign**1 institution*63,460 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/champaign/)
12. [**Springfield**1 institution*62,590 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/springfield/)
13. [**Atlanta**3 institutions*60,649 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/atlanta/)
14. [**Denver**4 institutions*51,449 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/denver/)
15. [**Washington D.C.**12 institutions*51,159 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/washington/)
16. [**Madison**1 institution*46,745 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/madison/)
17. [**San Diego**1 institution*45,121 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-diego/)
18. [**Salt Lake City**2 institutions*44,223 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/salt-lake-city/)
19. [**Sacramento**1 institution*41,553 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/sacramento/)
20. [**Orlando**1 institution*39,453 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/orlando/)
21. [**Rochester**1 institution*38,902 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rochester/)
22. [**Cincinnati**1 institution*38,318 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/cincinnati/)
23. [**South Bend**1 institution*35,879 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/south-bend/)
24. [**Tampa**1 institution*33,109 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/saint-petersburg/)
25. [**Raleigh**3 institutions*26,400 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/raleigh/)

[See all 66 agglomerations →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/agglomerations/)

## Institutions (193)

### 🎓 Universities (130)

**[Stanford University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/stanford-university/)**University · [Stanford](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*248 works · 214,804 citations*

**[University of California, Berkeley](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-berkeley/)**University · [Berkeley](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*107 works · 205,102 citations*

**[University of Washington](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-washington/)**University · [Seattle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/seattle/), United States*206 works · 158,423 citations*

**[Carnegie Mellon University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/carnegie-mellon-university/)**University · [Pittsburgh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/pittsburgh/), United States*278 works · 138,810 citations*

**[Johns Hopkins University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/johns-hopkins-university/)**University · [Baltimore](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/baltimore/), United States*151 works · 84,111 citations*

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes (19)

**[Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/allen-institute-for-artificial-intelligence/)**Research institute · [Seattle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/seattle/), United States*169 works · 65,355 citations*

**[Los Alamos National Laboratory](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/los-alamos-national-laboratory/)**Research institute · Los Alamos, United States*2 works · 61,908 citations*

**[IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/ibm-research-thomas-j-watson-research-center/)**Research institute · [Yorktown Heights](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/new-york-city/), United States*28 works · 43,880 citations*

**[Mayo Clinic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mayo-clinic/)**Research institute · [Rochester](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rochester/), United States*4 works · 38,902 citations*

**[Broad Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/broad-institute/)**Research institute · [Cambridge](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*2 works · 38,879 citations*

### 🏢 Companies (34)

**[Google](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google/)**Company · [Mountain View](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*272 works · 255,532 citations*

**[Meta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/meta/)**Company · [Menlo Park](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*137 works · 196,530 citations*

**[Microsoft](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/microsoft/)**Company · [Redmond](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/seattle/), United States*193 works · 110,465 citations*

**[IBM](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/ibm/)**Company · [Armonk](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/new-york-city/), United States*62 works · 62,937 citations*

**[Enthought](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/enthought/)**Company · [Austin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/austin/), United States*2 works · 61,908 citations*

### 🤝 Nonprofits (2)

**[Educational Testing Service](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/educational-testing-service/)**Nonprofit · [Princeton](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/philadelphia/), United States*12 works · 1,801 citations*

**[SIL Global](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/sil-global/)**Nonprofit · [Dallas](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/dallas/), United States*3 works · 342 citations*

### 🏛️ Government research bodies (3)

**[National Institutes of Health](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/national-institutes-of-health/)**Government body · [Bethesda](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/washington/), United States*4 works · 3,118 citations*

**[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/national-academies-of-sciences-engineering-and-medicine/)**Government body · [Washington](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/washington/), United States*10 works · 2,707 citations*

**[United States Department of Defense](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/united-states-department-of-defense/)**Government body · [Washington](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/washington/), United States*2 works · 1,524 citations*

### 🏥 Hospitals and medical centres (5)

**[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/beth-israel-deaconess-medical-center/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*2 works · 11,915 citations*

**[Massachusetts General Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/massachusetts-general-hospital/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*3 works · 5,392 citations*

**[Brigham and Women's Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/brigham-and-women-s-hospital/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*2 works · 1,348 citations*

**[Stanford Medicine](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/stanford-medicine/)**Hospital · [Stanford](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*2 works · 1,137 citations*

**[Boston Children's Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/boston-children-s-hospital/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*5 works · 657 citations*

[See all 193 institutions →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/institutions/)

## People (1835)

Authors with a page confirmed at its institutions, the most cited first.

[🧑‍🔬**Ross Girshick** University of California, Berkeley 10 papers here · 125,678 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ross-girshick/) · [🧑‍🔬**Quoc V. Le** Google 31 papers here · 89,242 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/quoc-v-le/) · [🧑‍🔬**Oriol Vinyals** Google 13 papers here · 84,926 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/oriol-vinyals/) · [🧑‍🔬**Kaiming He** Meta 4 papers here · 82,825 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kaiming-he/) · [🧑‍🔬**Christopher D. Manning** Stanford University 79 papers here · 79,116 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/christopher-d-manning/) · [🧑‍🔬**Kyunghyun Cho** New York University 33 papers here · 77,787 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kyunghyun-cho/) · [🧑‍🔬**Ilya Sutskever** Google 13 papers here · 70,805 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ilya-sutskever/) · [🧑‍🔬**Ralf Gommers** Quansight 2 papers here · 61,908 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ralf-gommers/) · [🧑‍🔬**Lukasz Kaiser** Google 8 papers here · 51,679 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lukasz-kaiser/) · [🧑‍🔬**Luke Zettlemoyer** Meta 69 papers here · 48,223 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/luke-zettlemoyer/) · [🧑‍🔬**Jeff Dean** Google 6 papers here · 46,532 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jeff-dean/) · [🧑‍🔬**Jason Wei** Google 16 papers here · 44,453 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jason-wei/)

[See all 1,835 people →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/people/)

## Works in our library (2808)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks**Shaoqing Ren, Kaiming He, Ross Girshick, et al.*2015 · 64,743 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ren-2015-faster-r-cnn-towards-real/)
2. [**SciPy 1.0 — Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python**Pauli Virtanen, Ralf Gommers, Travis E. Oliphant, et al.*2019 · 38,317 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/virtanen-2019-scipy-1-0-fundamental-algorithms/)
3. [**SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique**Nitesh V. Chawla, Kevin W. Bowyer, Lawrence Hall, et al.*2002 · 32,661 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chawla-2002-smote-synthetic-minority-over-sampling/)
4. [**Bleu: a Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation**Kishore Papineni, Salim Roukos, Todd Ward, et al.*2002 · 32,065 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/papineni-2002-bleu-method-automatic-evaluation-machine/)
5. [**Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation**Ross Girshick, Jeff Donahue, Trevor Darrell, et al.*2013 · 31,715 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/girshick-2013-rich-feature-hierarchies-accurate-object/)
6. [**Latent Dirichlet Allocation**David M. Blei, Andrew Y. Ng, Michael I. Jordan*2003 · 28,297 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/blei-2003-latent-dirichlet-allocation/)
7. [**Array Programming with NumPy**Charles R. Harris, K. Jarrod Millman, Stéfan J. van der Walt, et al.*2020 · 23,591 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/harris-2020-array-programming-numpy/)
8. [**End-to-End Object Detection with Transformers**Nicolas Carion, Francisco Massa, Gabriel Synnaeve, et al.*2020 · 16,761 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/carion-2020-end-end-object-detection-transformers/)
9. [**Bagging Predictors**Leo Breiman*1996 · 16,493 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/breiman-1996-bagging-predictors/)
10. [**The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine**Sergey Brin, Lawrence Page*1998 · 16,227 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/brin-1998-anatomy-large-scale-hypertextual-web/)
11. [**Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification**Yoon Kim*2014 · 16,218 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kim-2014-convolutional-neural-networks-sentence-classification/)
12. [**Transformers: State-of-the-Art Natural Language Processing**Thomas Wolf, Lysandre Debut, Victor Sanh, et al.*2020 · 15,591 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wolf-2020-transformers-state-art-natural-language/)
13. [**Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning**Kaiming He, Haoqi Fan, Yuxin Wu, et al.*2019 · 13,143 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/he-2019-momentum-contrast-unsupervised-visual-representation/)
14. [**BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension**Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, et al.*2020 · 12,752 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lewis-2020-bart-denoising-sequence-sequence-pre/)
15. [**FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clustering**Florian Schroff, Dmitry Kalenichenko, James Philbin*2015 · 11,939 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/schroff-2015-facenet-unified-embedding-face-recognition/)
16. [**Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models**Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, et al.*2022 · 11,278 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wei-2022-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning/)
17. [**Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage**Penelope Brown, Stephen C. Levinson, John J. Gumperz*1987 · 10,545 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/brown-1987-politeness-some-universals-language-usage/)
18. [**Stop Explaining Black Box Machine Learning Models for High Stakes Decisions and Use Interpretable Models Instead**Cynthia Rudin*2018 · 10,427 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rudin-2018-stop-explaining-black-box/)
19. [**A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networks**Zonghan Wu, Shirui Pan, Fengwen Chen, et al.*2019 · 10,295 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2019-comprehensive-survey-graph-neural-networks/)
20. [**MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications**Andrew G. Howard, Menglong Zhu, Bo Chen, et al.*2017 · 9,633 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/howard-2017-mobilenets-efficient-convolutional-neural-networks/)
21. [**SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text**Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, et al.*2016 · 9,488 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/rajpurkar-2016-squad-100-000-questions-machine/)
22. [**Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment**Jon M. Kleinberg*1999 · 9,089 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kleinberg-1999-authoritative-sources-hyperlinked-environment/)
23. [**The Stanford CoreNLP Natural Language Processing Toolkit**Christopher Manning, Mihai Surdeanu, John Bauer, et al.*2014 · 8,620 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/manning-2014-stanford-corenlp-natural-language-processing/)
24. [**MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database**Alistair E. W. Johnson, Tom Pollard, Lu Shen, et al.*2016 · 8,530 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/johnson-2016-mimic-iii-freely-accessible-critical/)
25. [**Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples**Ian J. Goodfellow, Jonathon Shlens, Christian Szegedy*2014 · 8,430 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/goodfellow-2014-explaining-harnessing-adversarial-examples/)

[See all 2,808 works →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/united-states/works/)

## Topics

Topics of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

[Language models & pretraining (391)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Machine translation (222)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Coreference resolution (215)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks (190)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Semitic languages (190)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Reasoning (156)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP (136)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Sentiment & emotion (128)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Discourse analysis (114)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Question answering (104)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/question-answering/) · [Dialogue systems (100)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dialogue-systems/) · [Morphology (76)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/) · [Bias, fairness & safety (70)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/) · [Summarization (61)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/summarization/) · [Vision & language (60)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/) · [Semantic parsing & meaning representation (57)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-parsing/) · [Semantic role labeling (53)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-role-labeling/) · [Information retrieval & search (51)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-retrieval/) · [Text generation (50)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/text-generation/) · [Universal Dependencies (49)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/universal-dependencies/) · [Hebrew & Aramaic (48)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms (44)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) · [Treebanks (43)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/) · [Information extraction (39)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-extraction/) · [Dependency parsing (38)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dependency-parsing/) · [Speech & spoken language (33)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech/) · [Low-resource languages (33)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/low-resource-languages/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions (33)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Named entity recognition (32)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/named-entity-recognition/) · [Part-of-speech tagging (28)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/part-of-speech-tagging/) · [Speech act theory (27)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech-act-theory/) · [Efficient models & compression (25)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/efficient-models/) · [Implicature (20)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/implicature/) · [Tokenization & segmentation (19)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/tokenization/) · [Psycholinguistics & language acquisition (17)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/psycholinguistics/) · [Interpretability (17)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/) · [Knowledge graphs & ontologies (16)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/knowledge-graphs/) · [Code & programming languages (15)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/code-and-programming/) · [Word sense disambiguation (14)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/word-sense-disambiguation/) · [Grammatical error correction & learner language (12)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/grammatical-error-correction/) · [Legal AI (10)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/legal-ai/) · [Lexical semantics & word embeddings (8)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/lexical-semantics/) · [Historical linguistics & language change (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-change/) · [Akkadian and cuneiform NLP (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/akkadian-cuneiform-nlp/) · [GPU & parallel computing (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/gpu-parallel-computing/) · [Latin (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/latin/)

## Fields

[Natural language processing (1,196)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/) · [Linguistics & languages (1,176)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Machine translation (295)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) · [AI & machine learning (120)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/ai/) · [Mathematics & statistics (81)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [Computing & GPUs (62)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computing/) · [Law (12)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/law/) · [Education (6)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/education/) · [Vision, graphics & robotics (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/vision-robotics/) · [Life sciences & medicine (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/life-sciences/) · [History & humanities (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/history/)

## Works by year

1,990,200,020,102,020

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