---
title: "Institutions — universities, labs and companies"
description: "961 research institutions behind the papers of the Elamur Research library — universities, AI and NLP labs, companies — ranked by citations, by field…"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/"
---
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[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / institutions

# Institutions

The universities, labs, companies and other institutions whose researchers wrote the papers of this library — 961 with two or more works here: 676 universities, 144 labs and research institutes, 100 companies, 12 nonprofits, 20 government research bodies, 9 hospitals and medical centres. Each has a page with its people, its works, its topics and the institutions it writes with; every list is ranked by the citations of their works here (citations: OpenAlex plus our library).

- [🎓](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/) — Universities · Universities and colleges whose researchers and students wrote papers of this library, from Stanford and Carnegie Mellon to Tsinghua, Edinburgh and Darmstadt. A university stands here when the bylines of two works or more in our library name it. Its page lists its people, its works, the topics they cover and the institutions it writes with most. Names, places and the parent and its units come from ROR and OpenAlex. From each university the way goes on to its scientists and to their papers. · 676 institutions
- [🔬](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/) — Labs and research institutes · Research labs, institutes and centres: the Allen Institute for AI, CNRS, the Max Planck institutes, MIT CSAIL, Fondazione Bruno Kessler and many more. A lab stands here when two works or more in our library carry its name on the byline. Wikidata tells a research institute from other bodies, and ROR gives each one its parent and its units. Its page shows its people, its works, its topics and its partners. From each lab the way goes on to its scientists, its papers and the university or agency it belongs to. · 144 institutions
- [🏢](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/) — Companies · Companies whose research teams publish: Google, Meta, Microsoft, IBM, Google DeepMind, Microsoft Research Asia and others. A company stands here when two works or more in our library name it on the byline. Its page lists the people who worked or studied there, its works, its topics and the universities it writes with. Units of one group, such as the Google offices of several countries, link to each other through ROR. From each company the way goes on to its researchers and to the papers they wrote. · 100 institutions
- [🤝](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/) — Nonprofits · Nonprofit organisations, foundations and funders that do research or back it, such as the Qatar Foundation, the Educational Testing Service and SIL. A nonprofit stands here when the bylines of two works or more in our library name it. Research institutes run as nonprofits are listed with the labs instead. Its page shows its people, its works, its topics and its partners, with its parent and units from ROR. From each one the way goes on to its researchers and their papers. · 12 institutions
- [🏛️](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/) — Government research bodies · Government research bodies: national academies, research councils and agencies, such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council Canada and the National Institutes of Health. One stands here when two works or more in our library carry its name on the byline. Its page shows its people, its works, its topics and the institutions it writes with. Its parent and its institutes come from ROR, and they link to each other. From each body the way goes on to its scientists and their papers. · 20 institutions
- [🏥](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/) — Hospitals and medical centres · Hospitals and medical centres whose doctors and researchers wrote papers of this library, such as Massachusetts General Hospital, Charité in Berlin and the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. One stands here when two works or more in our library name it on the byline. Its page shows its people, its works, the topics they cover and the institutions it writes with. Its parent, often a university, comes from ROR. From each hospital the way goes on to its researchers and to their papers. · 9 institutions

## The top of each kind

### 🎓 Universities

**[Stanford University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/stanford-university/)**University · [Stanford](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*248 works · 214 804 citations*

**[University of California, Berkeley](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-berkeley/)**University · [Berkeley](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*107 works · 205 102 citations*

**[University of Washington](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-washington/)**University · [Seattle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/seattle/), United States*206 works · 158 423 citations*

**[University of Oxford](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-oxford/)**University · [Oxford](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/oxford/), United Kingdom*39 works · 153 213 citations*

**[Carnegie Mellon University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/carnegie-mellon-university/)**University · [Pittsburgh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/pittsburgh/), United States*278 works · 138 810 citations*

**[University of Cambridge](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-cambridge/)**University · [Cambridge](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/cambridge/), United Kingdom*119 works · 110 950 citations*

**[University of Science and Technology of China](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-science-and-technology-of-china/)**University · [Hefei](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/hefei/), China*18 works · 109 489 citations*

**[Johns Hopkins University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/johns-hopkins-university/)**University · [Baltimore](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/baltimore/), United States*151 works · 84 111 citations*

**[New York University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/new-york-university/)**University · [New York](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/new-york-city/), United States*106 works · 82 819 citations*

**[University of Amsterdam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-amsterdam/)**University · [Amsterdam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/amsterdam/), Netherlands*71 works · 79 805 citations*

[All 676 universities →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/)

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes

**[Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/allen-institute-for-artificial-intelligence/)**Research institute · [Seattle](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/seattle/), United States*169 works · 65 355 citations*

**[Los Alamos National Laboratory](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/los-alamos-national-laboratory/)**Research institute · Los Alamos, United States*2 works · 61 908 citations*

**[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/centre-national-de-la-recherche-scientifique/)**Research institute · [Paris](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/paris/), France*83 works · 59 287 citations*

**[IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/ibm-research-thomas-j-watson-research-center/)**Research institute · Yorktown Heights, United States*28 works · 43 880 citations*

**[Fondazione Bruno Kessler](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/fondazione-bruno-kessler/)**Research institute · [Trento](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/trento/), Italy*18 works · 42 903 citations*

**[Max Planck Society](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/max-planck-society/)**Research institute · [Munich](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/munich/), Germany*7 works · 41 401 citations*

**[Mayo Clinic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mayo-clinic/)**Research institute · [Rochester](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rochester/), United States*4 works · 38 902 citations*

**[Broad Institute](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/broad-institute/)**Research institute · [Cambridge](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*2 works · 38 879 citations*

**[Max Planck Institute for Software Systems](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/max-planck-institute-for-software-systems/)**Research institute · [Saarbrücken](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/saarbruecken/), Germany*2 works · 38 552 citations*

**[MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/mit-computer-science-and-artificial-intelligence-laboratory/)**Research institute · [Cambridge](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*45 works · 26 807 citations*

[All 144 labs and research institutes →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/)

### 🏢 Companies

**[Google](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google/)**Company · [Mountain View](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*272 works · 255 532 citations*

**[Meta](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/meta/)**Company · [Menlo Park](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*137 works · 196 530 citations*

**[Microsoft](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/microsoft/)**Company · [Redmond](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/seattle/), United States*193 works · 110 465 citations*

**[Google DeepMind](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/google-deepmind/)**Company · [London](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/london/), United Kingdom*29 works · 74 823 citations*

**[IBM](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/ibm/)**Company · Armonk, United States*62 works · 62 937 citations*

**[Enthought](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/enthought/)**Company · [Austin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/austin/), United States*2 works · 61 908 citations*

**[Quansight](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/quansight/)**Company · [Austin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/austin/), United States*2 works · 61 908 citations*

**[Microsoft Research Asia](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/microsoft-research-asia/)**Company · [Beijing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/beijing/), China*41 works · 57 263 citations*

**[Intel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/intel/)**Company · [Santa Clara](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*6 works · 40 099 citations*

**[Two Sigma Investments](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/two-sigma-investments/)**Company · [New York](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/new-york-city/), United States*2 works · 38 578 citations*

[All 100 companies →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/)

### 🤝 Nonprofits

**[National Research Council](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/national-research-council/)**Nonprofit · [Rome](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/rome/), Italy*8 works · 7 336 citations*

**[Educational Testing Service](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/educational-testing-service/)**Nonprofit · Princeton, United States*12 works · 1 801 citations*

**[DSO National Laboratories](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/dso-national-laboratories/)**Nonprofit · [Singapore](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/singapore/), Singapore*4 works · 1 377 citations*

**[Qatar Foundation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/qatar-foundation/)**Nonprofit · [Doha](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/doha/), Qatar*7 works · 1 375 citations*

**[The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/the-microsoft-research-university-of-trento-centre-for-computational-and-systems/)**Nonprofit · [Trento](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/trento/), Italy*2 works · 511 citations*

**[African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Senegal](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/african-institute-for-mathematical-sciences-senegal/)**Nonprofit · [Mbour](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/m-bour/)*2 works · 450 citations*

**[Swedish Institute of Computer Science](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/swedish-institute-of-computer-science/)**Nonprofit · [Kista](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/stockholm/), Sweden*2 works · 394 citations*

**[SIL Global](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/sil-global/)**Nonprofit · [Dallas](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/dallas/), United States*3 works · 342 citations*

**[Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/institucio-catalana-de-recerca-i-estudis-avancats/)**Nonprofit · [Barcelona](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/barcelona/), Spain*3 works · 205 citations*

**[Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/institute-for-systems-engineering-and-computers/)**Nonprofit · [Lisbon](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/lisbon/), Portugal*2 works · 137 citations*

[All 12 nonprofits →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/)

### 🏛️ Government research bodies

**[Chinese Academy of Sciences](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/chinese-academy-of-sciences/)**Government body · [Beijing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/beijing/), China*51 works · 17 412 citations*

**[National Research Council Canada](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/national-research-council-canada/)**Government body · [Ottawa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/ottawa/), Canada*36 works · 16 873 citations*

**[Agency for Science, Technology and Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/agency-for-science-technology-and-research/)**Government body · [Singapore](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/singapore/), Singapore*14 works · 13 477 citations*

**[National Institutes of Health](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/national-institutes-of-health/)**Government body · [Bethesda](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/washington/), United States*4 works · 3 118 citations*

**[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/national-academies-of-sciences-engineering-and-medicine/)**Government body · [Washington](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/washington/), United States*10 works · 2 707 citations*

**[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/commonwealth-scientific-and-industrial-research-organisation/)**Government body · [Canberra](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/north-canberra-canberra/), Australia*4 works · 1 633 citations*

**[United States Department of Defense](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/united-states-department-of-defense/)**Government body · [Washington](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/washington/), United States*2 works · 1 524 citations*

**[Japan Science and Technology Agency](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/japan-science-and-technology-agency/)**Government body · [Tokyo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/tokyo/), Japan*5 works · 1 385 citations*

**[European Commission](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/european-commission/)**Government body · [Brussels](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/brussels/), Belgium*2 works · 812 citations*

**[Joint Research Centre](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/joint-research-centre/)**Government body · Ispra, Italy*2 works · 812 citations*

[All 20 government research bodies →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/)

### 🏥 Hospitals and medical centres

**[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/beth-israel-deaconess-medical-center/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*2 works · 11 915 citations*

**[Massachusetts General Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/massachusetts-general-hospital/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*3 works · 5 392 citations*

**[Hospital for Sick Children](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/hospital-for-sick-children/)**Hospital · [Toronto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/toronto/), Canada*2 works · 3 620 citations*

**[Brigham and Women's Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/brigham-and-women-s-hospital/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*2 works · 1 348 citations*

**[Stanford Medicine](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/stanford-medicine/)**Hospital · [Stanford](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/san-francisco/), United States*2 works · 1 137 citations*

**[Copenhagen University Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/copenhagen-university-hospital/)**Hospital · [Copenhagen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/copenhagen/), Denmark*2 works · 934 citations*

**[Boston Children's Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/boston-children-s-hospital/)**Hospital · [Boston](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/boston/), United States*5 works · 657 citations*

**[Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/charite-universitatsmedizin-berlin/)**Hospital · [Berlin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/berlin/), Germany*3 works · 289 citations*

**[Saad Specialist Hospital](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/saad-specialist-hospital/)**Hospital · [Khobar](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/dammam/), Saudi Arabia*3 works · 7 citations*

## By field

- **Linguistics & languages**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/linguistics/) (614) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/linguistics/) (120) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/field/linguistics/) (60) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/field/linguistics/) (11) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/field/linguistics/) (17) · [hospitals and medical centres](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/field/linguistics/) (4)
- **Machine translation**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/machine-translation/) (270) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/machine-translation/) (52) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/field/machine-translation/) (35) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/field/machine-translation/) (7) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/field/machine-translation/) (11)
- **Natural language processing**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/nlp/) (466) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/nlp/) (97) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/field/nlp/) (81) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/field/nlp/) (9) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/field/nlp/) (13) · [hospitals and medical centres](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/field/nlp/) (6)
- **AI & machine learning**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/ai/) (176) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/ai/) (21) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/field/ai/) (22) · [hospitals and medical centres](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/field/ai/) (3)
- **Computing & GPUs**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/computing/) (64) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/computing/) (8) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/field/computing/) (11)
- **Mathematics & statistics**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/mathematics/) (250) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/mathematics/) (26) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/field/mathematics/) (26) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/field/mathematics/) (3) · [hospitals and medical centres](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/field/mathematics/) (3)
- **Life sciences & medicine**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/life-sciences/) (7) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/life-sciences/) (4)
- **Law**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/law/) (55) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/law/) (8)
- **History & humanities**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/history/) (33) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/history/) (6)
- **Education**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/education/) (23) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/field/education/) (5)
- **Society & ethics**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/field/society/) (6)

## By country

[United States 193](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/us/) · [France 86](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/fr/) · [China 83](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/cn/) · [Germany 67](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/de/) · [United Kingdom 49](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/gb/) · [Japan 30](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/jp/) · [Canada 27](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ca/) · [Italy 27](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/it/) · [India 25](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/in/) · [Israel 19](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/il/) · [Netherlands 19](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/nl/) · [Saudi Arabia 18](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/sa/) · [Spain 17](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/es/) · [Australia 15](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/au/) · [Egypt 13](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/eg/) · [Russia 12](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ru/) · [South Korea 12](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/kr/) · [Indonesia 10](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/id/) · [Sweden 10](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/se/) · [Switzerland 10](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ch/) · [Portugal 9](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/pt/) · [Algeria 8](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/dz/) · [Ireland 8](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ie/) · [Singapore 8](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/sg/) · [South Africa 8](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/za/) · [Denmark 7](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/dk/) · [Poland 7](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/pl/) · [United Arab Emirates 7](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ae/) · [Austria 6](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/at/) · [Belgium 6](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/be/) · [Brazil 6](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/br/) · [Finland 6](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/fi/) · [Hong Kong 6](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/hk/) · [Czechia 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/cz/) · [Norway 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/no/) · [Qatar 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/qa/) · [Taiwan 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/tw/) · [Türkiye 5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/tr/) · [Greece 4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/gr/) · [Iran 4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ir/) · [Jordan 4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/jo/) · [New Zealand 4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/nz/) · [Romania 4](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ro/) · [Ethiopia 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/et/) · [Morocco 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ma/) · [Nigeria 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/ng/) · [Slovenia 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/si/) · [Tunisia 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/tn/) · [Vietnam 3](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/vn/)

## By topic

- **Akkadian and cuneiform NLP**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/akkadian-cuneiform-nlp/) (16) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/akkadian-cuneiform-nlp/) (3)
- **Ancient Greek**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/ancient-greek/) (7)
- **Bias, fairness & safety**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/bias-fairness-safety/) (103) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/bias-fairness-safety/) (14) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/bias-fairness-safety/) (17)
- **Code & programming languages**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/code-and-programming/) (31) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/code-and-programming/) (3) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/code-and-programming/) (14)
- **Coreference resolution**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/coreference-resolution/) (166) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/coreference-resolution/) (36) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/coreference-resolution/) (29) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/coreference-resolution/) (5)
- **Dependency parsing**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/dependency-parsing/) (66) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/dependency-parsing/) (12) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/dependency-parsing/) (8)
- **Dialogue systems**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/dialogue-systems/) (145) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/dialogue-systems/) (31) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/dialogue-systems/) (24) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/dialogue-systems/) (3)
- **Discourse analysis**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/discourse-analysis/) (149) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/discourse-analysis/) (26) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/discourse-analysis/) (21) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/discourse-analysis/) (3)
- **Efficient models & compression**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/efficient-models/) (36) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/efficient-models/) (6) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/efficient-models/) (9)
- **Evaluation & benchmarks**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/evaluation-benchmarks/) (282) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/evaluation-benchmarks/) (46) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/evaluation-benchmarks/) (36) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/topic/evaluation-benchmarks/) (4) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/evaluation-benchmarks/) (8)
- **Grammatical error correction & learner language**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/grammatical-error-correction/) (46) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/grammatical-error-correction/) (4) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/grammatical-error-correction/) (6)
- **Hebrew & Aramaic**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/hebrew-aramaic/) (106) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/hebrew-aramaic/) (13)
- **Historical linguistics & language change**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/language-change/) (49) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/language-change/) (5)
- **Idioms & multiword expressions**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/multiword-expressions/) (107) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/multiword-expressions/) (23) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/multiword-expressions/) (4)
- **Implicature**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/implicature/) (35) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/implicature/) (5)
- **Information extraction**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/information-extraction/) (51) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/information-extraction/) (10) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/information-extraction/) (11) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/information-extraction/) (3)
- **Information retrieval & search**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/information-retrieval/) (66) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/information-retrieval/) (15) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/information-retrieval/) (15)
- **Interpretability**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/interpretability/) (55) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/interpretability/) (6) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/interpretability/) (7)
- **Knowledge graphs & ontologies**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/knowledge-graphs/) (57) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/knowledge-graphs/) (14) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/knowledge-graphs/) (9) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/knowledge-graphs/) (3)
- **Language models & pretraining**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/language-models/) (303) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/language-models/) (59) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/language-models/) (53) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/language-models/) (4) · [hospitals and medical centres](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/hospitals/topic/language-models/) (4)
- **Latin**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/latin/) (11) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/latin/) (3)
- **Legal AI**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/legal-ai/) (50) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/legal-ai/) (8)
- **Lexical semantics & word embeddings**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/lexical-semantics/) (24) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/lexical-semantics/) (3)
- **Low-resource languages**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/low-resource-languages/) (106) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/low-resource-languages/) (12) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/low-resource-languages/) (7)
- **Machine translation**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/machine-translation/) (221) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/machine-translation/) (40) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/machine-translation/) (27) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/topic/machine-translation/) (5) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/machine-translation/) (8)
- **Morphology**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/morphology/) (135) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/morphology/) (16) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/morphology/) (5) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/morphology/) (3)
- **Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/multilingual-nlp/) (221) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/multilingual-nlp/) (45) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/multilingual-nlp/) (32) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/topic/multilingual-nlp/) (5) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/multilingual-nlp/) (9)
- **Named entity recognition**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/named-entity-recognition/) (81) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/named-entity-recognition/) (13) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/named-entity-recognition/) (14)
- **Part-of-speech tagging**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/part-of-speech-tagging/) (60) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/part-of-speech-tagging/) (7) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/part-of-speech-tagging/) (7)
- **Psycholinguistics & language acquisition**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/psycholinguistics/) (35) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/psycholinguistics/) (3)
- **Question answering**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/question-answering/) (96) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/question-answering/) (11) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/question-answering/) (20)
- **Reasoning**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/reasoning/) (162) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/reasoning/) (26) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/reasoning/) (24) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/reasoning/) (3)
- **Semantic parsing & meaning representation**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/semantic-parsing/) (55) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/semantic-parsing/) (11) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/semantic-parsing/) (8)
- **Semantic role labeling**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/semantic-role-labeling/) (61) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/semantic-role-labeling/) (18) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/semantic-role-labeling/) (11) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/semantic-role-labeling/) (5)
- **Semitic languages**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/semitic-languages/) (303) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/semitic-languages/) (37) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/semitic-languages/) (16) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/topic/semitic-languages/) (4)
- **Sentiment & emotion**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/sentiment-emotion/) (227) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/sentiment-emotion/) (38) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/sentiment-emotion/) (24) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/topic/sentiment-emotion/) (5) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/sentiment-emotion/) (4)
- **Speech & spoken language**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/speech/) (86) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/speech/) (20) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/speech/) (13)
- **Speech act theory**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/speech-act-theory/) (65) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/speech-act-theory/) (15) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/speech-act-theory/) (9)
- **Summarization**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/summarization/) (67) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/summarization/) (11) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/summarization/) (12)
- **Syntax & grammar formalisms**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/syntax-grammar/) (88) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/syntax-grammar/) (11) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/syntax-grammar/) (9) · [government research bodies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/government/topic/syntax-grammar/) (3)
- **Text generation**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/text-generation/) (69) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/text-generation/) (12) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/text-generation/) (15)
- **Tokenization & segmentation**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/tokenization/) (38) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/tokenization/) (8) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/tokenization/) (4)
- **Treebanks**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/treebanks/) (79) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/treebanks/) (12) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/treebanks/) (4)
- **Universal Dependencies**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/universal-dependencies/) (95) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/universal-dependencies/) (18) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/universal-dependencies/) (6) · [nonprofits](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/ngos/topic/universal-dependencies/) (4)
- **Vision & language**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/multimodal/) (111) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/multimodal/) (20) · [companies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/topic/multimodal/) (27)
- **Word sense disambiguation**: [universities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/topic/word-sense-disambiguation/) (35) · [labs and research institutes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/topic/word-sense-disambiguation/) (9)

From the bylines of the papers (OpenAlex) and the Research Organization Registry (ROR); an institution is on a work when its byline names it.