---
title: "Hong Kong — research institutions, scientists and papers"
description: "Hong Kong: 6 institutions with papers in our library in 0 agglomerations, 86 people with a page, 141 works, 48,034 citations."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/"
---
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# Hong Kong

Country 6 institutions in 0 agglomerations · [all countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/)

[**6** institutions with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/#institutions) · [**0** agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/#agglomerations) · [**86** people with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/#authors) · [**141** works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/#works) · [**48,034** citations of their works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/#works)

## About

### Profile

[Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/hk/) appears in this library as a compact research region. Its institutions are listed together because their researchers wrote two or more of the papers in our library. Several universities make up most of that group, joined by a dedicated research institute. Nearly all of them are located simply as Hong Kong. The exception is the [University of Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-hong-kong/), whose location is given as Pok Fu Lam. The group is a short list of places, not a broad spread of organisations, and almost all of the Hong Kong research on this site comes from a few large academic institutions.

The order of the list follows the cited work that scientists produced while at each institution. It is not based on size, age, funding or anything outside the library. A place near the top means that the work done there, among the papers collected here, has drawn more citations. It says nothing about the institution's standing in the wider academic world. It reflects only the works and people on this site, and the order can change as the library grows.

### The institutions

At the head of the list is the [Hong Kong University of Science and Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hong-kong-university-of-science-and-technology/). On this site it accounts for the largest body of cited work from the region. It does not have the most works among the Hong Kong institutions here. Its place at the top comes from how widely its papers have been cited, which suggests that a number of its contributions to the library have been especially influential within the collection.

Second is the [Chinese University of Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/chinese-university-of-hong-kong/). Among the region's institutions it has the most works in our library, a little more than the institution ranked above it. Its cited output is substantial but lower than that of the top-ranked university. The pairing of these two shows how the ranking works. One institution can contribute more papers while another, with fewer papers, gathers more attention through citations.

The University of Hong Kong comes third. Its share of works here is close to that of the leading pair, and its citations are in a similar range to those of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, though somewhat lower. Its separate location at Pok Fu Lam is the one geographic detail in the Hong Kong group that goes beyond the region's name.

The [Hong Kong Polytechnic University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hong-kong-polytechnic-university/) is fourth. It has a smaller body of work in our library than the first three universities, with cited output to match. It is still a clear presence in the Hong Kong part of the collection, with a meaningful set of papers attributed to research carried out there.

The [City University of Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/city-university-of-hong-kong/) follows. It has a smaller set of works than the polytechnic and a correspondingly lower citation total. Its place on the list shows that its researchers have written more than one of the library's papers, which is the threshold for inclusion, and that these works have been cited across the literature.

Last is the [Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/centre-for-perceptual-and-interactive-intelligence/). It is the only entry described as a research institute rather than a university. Its body of work in our library is small, but those papers have been cited fairly often for so short a list. Its name points to research on perception and interaction, though the overview gives no breakdown of the topics behind its papers.

### Universities and the research institute

Universities dominate the Hong Kong group. Every entry except the Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence is a university, and the universities produce almost all of the region's cited work in our library. That pattern is common in a library built around research papers, since universities are where much academic research is written and published. No companies, hospitals or government laboratories from Hong Kong appear among the institutions meeting the threshold. Other kinds of organisation may still have a single paper here.

The research institute stands out precisely because it is different. Its inclusion shows that work in the region is not attributed only to universities. A specialised centre with a narrower scope can also produce papers that are widely cited relative to their number. Readers who want to compare Hong Kong's institutions with those elsewhere can browse the library's full set of [organisations of all kinds](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/).

### How the ranking reads

Two measures sit side by side for each institution: how many works are linked to it on this site, and how often those works have been cited. Most of the time they move together. Institutions with more papers tend to have more citations. The top of the Hong Kong list breaks that pattern in a useful way. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology ranks first with fewer works than the Chinese University of Hong Kong. This suggests that some of its papers in our library are among the most cited in the regional collection.

Further down, the two measures line up more closely. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong both have smaller bodies of work and lower citation totals, and the gap between them in works is roughly matched by the gap in citations. The Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence again shows a fairly high level of citation for a small output.

Taken together, the list points to a concentrated research landscape. Cited work is spread across a handful of universities, with the top three clearly ahead in both papers and citations. A second tier of universities contributes meaningfully but on a smaller scale, alongside one specialised institute.

### Research strengths, people and collaborations

The Hong Kong overview on this site is organised by institution. It does not group the region's papers by field, list individual scientists, or show which works have been cited most. The fields where Hong Kong research is strongest, the people behind it and its landmark papers are therefore best explored through each institution's own page. Those pages set out the people, works, topics and units connected with each place.

For the same reason, collaborations cannot be described from the regional overview alone. Shared authorship between Hong Kong institutions, or between Hong Kong and other countries, is not drawn out at this level. The institutional pages, starting with the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Hong Kong, are the places to trace those links.

### Over time

The regional overview gives no years for the works it summarises, so it cannot show how Hong Kong's research on this site developed over time. The ranking reflects the cited work accumulated at each institution so far. As new papers enter the library, and as existing ones continue to be cited, the order of the list and the gaps between institutions may shift. Any institution in Hong Kong whose researchers come to write two or more papers here will join the group.

### Summary

On this site, Hong Kong's research is concentrated in a small number of universities and one research institute. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology leads on cited work, the Chinese University of Hong Kong has the largest number of works, and the University of Hong Kong follows closely. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong make up a smaller second group. The Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence adds a specialised research institute whose small set of papers is cited fairly often. For the fields, people and works behind these positions, readers should turn to the individual institution pages linked above.

## Where

## Agglomerations (0)

## Institutions (6)

### 🎓 Universities (5)

**[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hong-kong-university-of-science-and-technology/)**University · [Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/hong-kong/), Hong Kong*39 works · 20,801 citations*

**[Chinese University of Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/chinese-university-of-hong-kong/)**University · [Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/hong-kong/), Hong Kong*42 works · 11,333 citations*

**[University of Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-hong-kong/)**University · [Pok Fu Lam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/hong-kong/), Hong Kong*33 works · 9,696 citations*

**[Hong Kong Polytechnic University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hong-kong-polytechnic-university/)**University · [Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/hong-kong/), Hong Kong*21 works · 3,071 citations*

**[City University of Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/city-university-of-hong-kong/)**University · [Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/hong-kong/), Hong Kong*12 works · 2,138 citations*

### 🔬 Labs and research institutes (1)

**[Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/labs/centre-for-perceptual-and-interactive-intelligence/)**Research institute · [Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/hong-kong/), Hong Kong*4 works · 995 citations*

[See all 6 institutions →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/institutions/)

## People (86)

Authors with a page confirmed at its institutions, the most cited first.

[🧑‍🔬**Pascale Fung** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 12 papers here · 14,426 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/pascale-fung/) · [🧑‍🔬**Andrea Madotto** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 6 papers here · 9,862 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/andrea-madotto/) · [🧑‍🔬**Nayeon Lee** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 4 papers here · 9,560 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/nayeon-lee/) · [🧑‍🔬**Yan Xu** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 5 papers here · 8,812 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yan-xu/) · [🧑‍🔬**Ziwei Ji** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 3 papers here · 8,259 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ziwei-ji/) · [🧑‍🔬**Wenliang Dai** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 3 papers here · 7,957 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/wenliang-dai/) · [🧑‍🔬**Xin Liu** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 4 papers here · 7,726 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xin-liu/) · [🧑‍🔬**Dan Su** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 papers here · 7,514 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/dan-su/) · [🧑‍🔬**Tiezheng Yu** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 3 papers here · 7,234 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/tiezheng-yu/) · [🧑‍🔬**Etsuko Ishii** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2 papers here · 6,397 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/etsuko-ishii/) · [🧑‍🔬**Hao Zhang** Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 7 papers here · 6,283 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hao-zhang/) · [🧑‍🔬**Yu Cheng** Chinese University of Hong Kong 5 papers here · 6,213 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yu-cheng/)

[See all 86 people →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/people/)

## Works in our library (141)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation**Ziwei Ji, Nayeon Lee, Rita Frieske, et al.*2022 · 5,947 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ji-2022-survey-hallucination-natural-language-generation/)
2. [**A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Models**Yupeng Chang, Xu Wang, Jindong Wang, et al.*2023 · 3,640 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chang-2023-survey-evaluation-large-language-models/)
3. [**Is BERT Really Robust? A Strong Baseline for Natural Language Attack on Text Classification and Entailment**Di Jin, Zhijing Jin, Joey Tianyi Zhou, et al.*2019 · 1,318 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jin-2019-bert-really-robust-strong-baseline/)
4. [**A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models**Humza Naveed, Asad Ullah Khan, Shi Qiu, et al.*2023 · 1,286 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/naveed-2023-comprehensive-overview-large-language-models/)
5. [**InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuning**Wenliang Dai, Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, et al.*2023 · 1,051 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dai-2023-instructblip-towards-general-purpose-vision/)
6. [**A Survey on RAG Meeting LLMs: Towards Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models**Wenqi Fan; Yujuan Ding; Liangbo Ning; Shijie Wang; Hengyun Li; Dawei Yin; Tat-Seng Chua;, Qing Li*2024 · 1,006 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/fan-2024-survey-rag-meeting-llms-towards/)
7. [**MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?**Yuan Liu, Haodong Duan, Yuanhan Zhang, et al.*2023 · 907 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2023-mmbench-multi-modal-model-all/)
8. [**A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity**Yejin Bang, Samuel Cahyawijaya, Nayeon Lee, et al.*2023 · 866 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bang-2023-multitask-multilingual-multimodal-evaluation-chatgpt/)
9. [**Hedging in Scientific Research Articles**Ken Hyland*1998 · 803 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hyland-1998-hedging-scientific-research-articles/)
10. [**Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation**Jiatao Gu, James Bradbury, Caiming Xiong, et al.*2017 · 765 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gu-2017-non-autoregressive-neural-machine-translation/)
11. [**Detect Rumors in Microblog Posts Using Propagation Structure via Kernel Learning**Jing Ma, Wei Gao, Kam-Fai Wong*2017 · 713 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ma-2017-detect-rumors-microblog-posts-propagation/)
12. [**Rumor Detection on Twitter with Tree-structured Recursive Neural Networks**Jing Ma, Wei Gao, Kam-Fai Wong*2018 · 706 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ma-2018-rumor-detection-twitter-tree-structured/)
13. [**CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies**Daniel Zeman, Martin Popel, Milan Straka, et al.*2017 · 604 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeman-2017-conll-2017-shared-task-multilingual/)
14. [**HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Framework**Guangming Sheng, Chi Zhang, Zilingfeng Ye, et al.*2024 · 598 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sheng-2024-hybridflow-flexible-efficient-rlhf-framework/)
15. [**Transformation Networks for Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification**Xin Li, Lidong Bing, Wai Lam, et al.*2018 · 594 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2018-transformation-networks-target-oriented-sentiment/)
16. [**Fine-grained Opinion Mining with Recurrent Neural Networks and Word Embeddings**Pengfei Liu, Shafiq Joty, Helen Meng*2015 · 589 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2015-fine-grained-opinion-mining-recurrent/)
17. [**Plug and Play Language Models: A Simple Approach to Controlled Text Generation**Sumanth Dathathri, Andrea Madotto, Janice Lan, et al.*2019 · 562 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dathathri-2019-plug-play-language-models-simple/)
18. [**MetaMath: Bootstrap Your Own Mathematical Questions for Large Language Models**Longhui Yu, Weisen Jiang, Han Shi, et al.*2023 · 556 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yu-2023-metamath-bootstrap-your-own-mathematical/)
19. [**How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites**Zhe Chen, Weiyun Wang, Hao Tian, et al.*2024 · 529 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chen-2024-far-gpt-4v-closing/)
20. [**Improving Statistical Machine Translation Using Word Sense Disambiguation**Marine Carpuat, Dekai Wu*2007 · 505 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/carpuat-2007-improving-statistical-machine-translation-word/)
21. [**Sentiment Analysis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Reality Check**Wenxuan Zhang, Yue Deng, Bing Liu, et al.*2023 · 505 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhang-2023-sentiment-analysis-era-large-language/)
22. [**Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Empirical Results and Analysis**Wenhao Zhu, Hongyi Liu, Qingxiu Dong, et al.*2024 · 503 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhu-2024-multilingual-machine-translation-large-language/)
23. [**Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotations**Peiyi Wang, Lei Li, Zhihong Shao, et al.*2024 · 482 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wang-2024-math-shepherd-verify-reinforce-llms/)
24. [**Reducing Gender Bias in Abusive Language Detection**Ji Ho Park, Jamin Shin, Pascale Fung*2018 · 464 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/park-2018-reducing-gender-bias-abusive-language/)
25. [**Meta-Learning for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation**Jiatao Gu, Yong Wang, Yun Chen, et al.*2018 · 451 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gu-2018-meta-learning-low-resource-neural/)

[See all 141 works →](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/hong-kong/works/)

## Topics

Topics of its works in our library, with the number of works on each.

[Language models & pretraining (51)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Evaluation & benchmarks (16)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/evaluation-benchmarks/) · [Vision & language (15)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/) · [Reasoning (14)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) · [Machine translation (12)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Sentiment & emotion (12)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP (12)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Discourse analysis (9)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Dialogue systems (9)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dialogue-systems/) · [Bias, fairness & safety (7)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/bias-fairness-safety/) · [Coreference resolution (5)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Low-resource languages (5)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/low-resource-languages/) · [Text generation (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/text-generation/) · [Information retrieval & search (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-retrieval/) · [Speech & spoken language (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech/) · [Semantic parsing & meaning representation (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-parsing/) · [Efficient models & compression (3)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/efficient-models/) · [Semantic role labeling (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-role-labeling/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions (2)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Speech act theory (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/speech-act-theory/) · [Word sense disambiguation (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/word-sense-disambiguation/) · [Dependency parsing (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dependency-parsing/) · [Universal Dependencies (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/universal-dependencies/) · [Treebanks (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/) · [Question answering (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/question-answering/) · [Information extraction (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/information-extraction/) · [Summarization (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/summarization/) · [Code & programming languages (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/code-and-programming/) · [Interpretability (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/interpretability/) · [Tokenization & segmentation (1)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/tokenization/)

## Fields

[Natural language processing (51)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/) · [Linguistics & languages (43)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Mathematics & statistics (11)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [Machine translation (10)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/machine-translation/) · [AI & machine learning (4)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/ai/)

## Works by year

2020

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