---
title: "Türkiye — research institutions, scientists and papers"
description: "Türkiye: 5 institutions with papers in our library in 2 agglomerations, 8 people with a page, 20 works, 5,189 citations."
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/"
---
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# Türkiye

Country 5 institutions in 2 agglomerations · [all countries](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/)

[**5** institutions with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/#institutions) · [**2** agglomerations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/#agglomerations) · [**8** people with a page](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/#authors) · [**20** works in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/#works) · [**5,189** citations of their works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/#works)

## About

### Profile

The [Türkiye](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/country/tr/) section of this library gathers the Turkish institutions whose researchers wrote more than one of the papers held on this site. Every institution in it is a university. All of them are located in the country's two main academic cities, Ankara and Istanbul. They are ordered by the citations earned by the work their scientists carried out at each place. The order therefore says how far the papers produced at each university have been taken up by later work in the library. It is not a statement about the size, age or standing of any of them.

The list is short. It covers only the part of Turkish research that appears among the works in our library, and the library does not hold every paper or every field published in the country. An institution whose researchers contributed a single paper does not appear. Research institutes, laboratories, hospitals and companies outside the universities are also absent, because none of them has enough papers here to qualify. Readers who want to set Türkiye beside other countries, or beside other kinds of organisation, can begin with the [overview of all kinds of institutions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/orgs/) in the library and move from there to the individual countries and categories.

### The universities

First in the order is [Middle East Technical University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/middle-east-technical-university/), a university in Ankara. Its researchers have written several of the papers in our library, and that work has been cited widely by later papers in the library. The combination of a solid body of papers and broad uptake by later research puts it at the head of the Turkish list.

Second is [Istanbul Technical University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/istanbul-technical-university/), in Istanbul. Among the Turkish institutions here it has contributed the largest set of papers, and that set has gathered more citations in total than the work of any other Turkish university on the site. It nonetheless sits below Middle East Technical University. The ordering is based on the cited work credited to each institution's scientists, not on a plain sum of papers or of citations, and so the university with the most papers and the most citations is not automatically placed first. Taken together, these two technical universities, one in each city, account for most of the cited Turkish research held in the library.

Third is [Bilkent University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bilkent-university/), the second Ankara institution in the list. Its contribution is smaller than those of the two technical universities, with only a few papers on the site. Those papers have still been cited a good deal by later work in the library, so that a modest collection carries a notable share of attention for its size.

Fourth is [Boğaziçi University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bogazici-university/), in Istanbul. Its researchers have written slightly more papers here than Bilkent's, but those papers have drawn somewhat fewer citations in total. This places Boğaziçi just behind Bilkent. The two universities are close to each other in the list, and their relative position could change as the library adds papers or citing work.

Last is [Işık University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/isik-university/), also in Istanbul. Its scientists have written more than one paper held on the site, which is enough to bring it into the list. Those papers have so far been cited only rarely by other works in the library. The figures shown do not explain why, and nothing about the university's research beyond its presence and its low citation count can be drawn from the country listing alone.

### Research strengths

The country listing names universities and their cities, but it does not show the subjects of their papers, the topics they cover or the units within each university where the work was done. For that reason it cannot by itself say which fields Turkish research on this site is strong in. What it does show is where cited work comes from. Two of the five universities on the list are technical universities, and they hold the largest and most cited Turkish collections here, so much of the cited Turkish work in the library comes from institutions of that kind.

The fields themselves, the most cited papers and the topics they address are set out on the pages of the individual universities. A reader trying to build a picture of what Turkish researchers on this site actually work on will need to read across those pages, comparing the subjects that appear at Middle East Technical University, Istanbul Technical University, Bilkent University, Boğaziçi University and Işık University. Only then can common themes or contrasts between the two cities be traced with confidence.

### Ankara and Istanbul

The geography of the list is simple. Two of the universities, Middle East Technical University and Bilkent University, are in Ankara. The other three, Istanbul Technical University, Boğaziçi University and Işık University, are in Istanbul. No institution from any other Turkish city has contributed enough papers to the library to appear.

Each city contributes cited research in its own way. Ankara has fewer universities in the list, but they hold the first and third places in the order. Istanbul has more institutions in the list. It is also home to Istanbul Technical University, the largest Turkish contributor by papers and by total citations. Istanbul's list also runs the full range of the order, from the second place down to the last.

Measured by citations, the Turkish work held here is concentrated in a small group of universities, and within that group in the two technical universities. Bilkent University and Boğaziçi University add a second tier of cited work. Işık University stands apart with very little uptake so far. This pattern describes only the papers in our library. It should not be read as a map of research across Türkiye as a whole. Many more institutions, in many more cities, publish work that this library does not hold.

### Comparing the institutions

Set side by side, the five universities show how differently the size of a collection and its influence can relate. Istanbul Technical University has both the most papers and the most citations among them. Middle East Technical University has fewer papers and fewer citations, yet it comes first in the order. Bilkent University has the smallest collection among the upper four, yet its papers have been cited more than those of Boğaziçi University, which has a somewhat larger collection. Işık University has the smallest collection of all and the least uptake.

These contrasts show that no single figure decides where a university appears. A short list of papers that are each cited heavily can count for as much as, or more than, a longer list whose citations are spread more thinly. Comparisons between the universities are clearest when the number of papers, the total citations and the place in the order are read together rather than one at a time.

### Reading the order

The order measures the cited work done by scientists at each institution, judged by how papers written there have been taken up by later papers in the library. This is why Istanbul Technical University, which leads on papers and on total citations, appears second rather than first. The order is not a quality ranking, and the library offers no judgement of the universities beyond what their papers on the site show.

Contribution is counted by place of work. A scientist who wrote papers at more than one of these universities, or at universities in other countries, has each paper credited to the institution where the work was done. The list for any single university can therefore differ from the full publication history of the people who have worked there. It can also differ from what that university itself might present as its research output.

The figures attached to each institution change as the library grows. New papers by Turkish researchers, new work that cites existing papers, or the arrival of another institution with more than one paper on the site could all alter the order and the length of the list. For that reason the account above speaks in relative terms. It notes which universities have more papers or citations and which have fewer, and leaves the current figures to the institution pages themselves.

### Over time

The country listing does not give years for the papers held here, so it cannot show when Turkish research entered the library or how it has spread over time. Whether the cited work of the two technical universities is spread over many years or concentrated in a shorter period, and whether the collections of the smaller universities are older or more recent, can only be seen on the institutions' own pages, where individual works are listed. The low citation count of Işık University's papers is a present state of the collection, not a description of a trend, and it may look different as the library adds more work.

### Where to look further

The country listing gives only the outline of Turkish research on this site. The substance of that research is on the pages of the individual universities. Those pages set out what the papers are about, who wrote them, which have been cited most, and with which institutions in Türkiye or abroad the authors worked. Middle East Technical University and Istanbul Technical University, with the largest and most cited collections, are the natural starting points for a reader looking for the most visible Turkish research in the library. Bilkent University and Boğaziçi University hold smaller collections that have still drawn notable attention. Işık University's page shows work that has entered the library but has not yet been widely cited by other papers here.

Leading scientists, landmark papers and collaborations are listed on those university pages rather than on the country listing, which brings together no people or works of its own. A full account of Turkish research as it appears on this site therefore has to be assembled from the institutions named above. It should also allow for the fact that the library holds only part of what Turkish researchers have published.

## Where

## Agglomerations (2)

1. [**Ankara**2 institutions*1,956 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/ankara/)
2. [**Istanbul**3 institutions*3,233 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/istanbul/)

## Institutions (5)

### 🎓 Universities (5)

1. **[Middle East Technical University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/middle-east-technical-university/)**University · [Ankara](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/ankara/), Türkiye*6 works · 1,505 citations*
2. **[Istanbul Technical University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/istanbul-technical-university/)**University · [Istanbul](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/istanbul/), Türkiye*7 works · 2,869 citations*
3. **[Bilkent University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bilkent-university/)**University · [Ankara](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/ankara/), Türkiye*3 works · 451 citations*
4. **[Boğaziçi University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bogazici-university/)**University · [Istanbul](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/istanbul/), Türkiye*4 works · 361 citations*
5. **[Işık University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/isik-university/)**University · [Istanbul](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/agglomerations/istanbul/), Türkiye*2 works · 3 citations*

## People (8)

Authors with a page confirmed at its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**Gülşen Eryiğit**Istanbul Technical University*5 papers here · 2,475 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gulsen-eryigit/)
2. [**Tunga Gungor**Boğaziçi University*4 papers here · 170 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/tunga-gungor/)
3. [**Deniz Zeyrek**Middle East Technical University*2 papers here · 130 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/deniz-zeyrek/)
4. [**Murathan Kurfalı**Middle East Technical University*2 papers here · 86 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/murathan-kurfali/)
5. [**Arzucan Özgür**Boğaziçi University*2 papers here · 13 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/arzucan-ozgur/)
6. [**Onur Gungor**Boğaziçi University*2 papers here · 11 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/onur-gungor/)
7. [**Olcay Taner Yıldız**Işık University*3 papers here · 3 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/olcay-taner-yildiz/)
8. [**Özge Bakay**Boğaziçi University*2 papers here · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ozge-bakay/)

## Works in our library (20)

Works of its institutions, the most cited first.

1. [**SemEval-2016 Task 5: Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis**Maria Pontiki, Dimitris Galanis, Haris Papageorgiou, et al.*2016 · 1,656 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pontiki-2016-semeval-2016-task-5-aspect/)
2. [**Multi-Way, Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with a Shared Attention Mechanism**Orhan Firat, Kyunghyun Cho, Yoshua Bengio*2016 · 821 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/firat-2016-multi-way-multilingual-neural-machine/)
3. [**CoNLL 2017 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies**Daniel Zeman, Martin Popel, Milan Straka, et al.*2017 · 604 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeman-2017-conll-2017-shared-task-multilingual/)
4. [**Zero-Resource Translation with Multi-Lingual Neural Machine Translation**Orhan Firat, Baskaran Sankaran, Yaser Al-onaizan, et al.*2016 · 350 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/firat-2016-zero-resource-translation-multi-lingual/)
5. [**Survey: Multiword Expression Processing: A Survey**Mathieu Constant, Gülşen Eryiǧit, Johanna Monti, et al.*2017 · 296 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/constant-2017-survey-multiword-expression-processing-survey/)
6. [**Labeled Pseudo-Projective Dependency Parsing with Support Vector Machines**Joakim Nivre, Johan Hall, Jens Nilsson, et al.*2006 · 293 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nivre-2006-labeled-pseudo-projective-dependency-parsing/)
7. [**Humanity's Last Exam**Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, et al.*2025 · 235 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/phan-2025-humanity-s-last-exam/)
8. [**Two-level Description of Turkish Morphology**Kemal Oflazer*1993 · 212 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/oflazer-1993-two-level-description-turkish-morphology/)
9. [**Nematus: a Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation**Rico Sennrich, Orhan Firat, Kyunghyun Cho, et al.*2017 · 202 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sennrich-2017-nematus-toolkit-neural-machine-translation/)
10. [**Edition 1.1 of the PARSEME Shared Task on Automatic Identification of Verbal Multiword Expressions**Carlos Ramisch, Silvio Ricardo Cordeiro, Agata Savary, et al.*2018 · 124 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2018-edition-1-1-parseme-shared/)
11. [**A Discourse Resource for Turkish: Annotating Discourse Connectives in the METU Corpus**Deniz Zeyrek, Bonnie Webber*2008 · 93 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeyrek-2008-discourse-resource-turkish-annotating-discourse/)
12. [**Annotating Discourse Connectives in Spoken Turkish**Isin Demirşahin, Deniz Zeyrek*2014 · 37 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/demirsahin-2014-annotating-discourse-connectives-spoken-turkish/)
13. [**ANEC: An Amharic Named Entity Corpus and Transformer Based Recognizer**Ebrahim Chekol Jibril, A. Cuneyd Tant\ug*2022 · 18 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jibril-2022-anec-amharic-named-entity-corpus/)
14. [**Focusing for Pronoun Resolution in English Discourse: An Implementation**Ebru Ersan, Varol Akman*1994 · 4 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ersan-1994-focusing-pronoun-resolution-english-discourse/)
15. [**Automatic Propbank Generation for Turkish**Koray AK, Olcay Taner Yıldız*2019 · 2 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ak-2019-automatic-propbank-generation-turkish/)
16. [**Initial Explorations of CCG Supertagging for Universal Dependency Parsing**Burak Kerim Akkus, Heval Azizoglu, Ruket Cakici*2017 · 2 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/akkus-2017-initial-explorations-ccg-supertagging-universal/)
17. [**CorefInst: Leveraging LLMs for Multilingual Coreference Resolution**Tuğba Pamay Arslan, Emircan Erol, Gülşen Eryiğit*2026 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/arslan-2026-corefinst-leveraging-llms-multilingual-coreference/)
18. [**Comparing Sense Categorization Between English PropBank and English WordNet**Özge Bakay, Begüm Avar, Olcay Taner Yıldız*2019 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bakay-2019-comparing-sense-categorization-between-english/)
19. [**Overcoming the challenges in morphological annotation of Turkish in universal dependencies framework**Talha Bedir, Karahan Şahin, Onur Gungor, et al.*2021 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bedir-2021-overcoming-challenges-morphological-annotation-turkish/)
20. [**ITUNLP at MWE-2026 AdMIRe 2: A Zero-Shot LLM Pipeline for Multimodal Idiom Understanding and Ranking**Atakan Site, Oğuz Ali Arslan, Gülşen Eryiğit*2026 · 1 citation*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/site-2026-itunlp-mwe-2026-admire-2/)

## Concepts, shelves and topics

Of its works in our library: the number of works on each and its rating among them.

💡 Concepts 1[Universal Dependencies · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/concepts/universal-dependencies/)

📚 Shelves 4[Natural language processing · 5 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/) · [Linguistics & languages · 14 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) · [Mathematics & statistics · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · [English · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/en/)

🧭 Topics 15[Machine translation · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/machine-translation/) · [Sentiment & emotion · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) · [Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · [Dependency parsing · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/dependency-parsing/) · [Discourse analysis · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/) · [Morphology · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/) · [Universal Dependencies · 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/universal-dependencies/) · [Semantic role labeling · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semantic-role-labeling/) · [Named entity recognition · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/named-entity-recognition/) · [Semitic languages · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Coreference resolution · 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) · [Language models & pretraining · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/language-models/) · [Vision & language · 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/)

## Works by year

### 2020s

[**2026** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/year/2026/) · [**2025** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/phan-2025-humanity-s-last-exam/) · [**2022** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jibril-2022-anec-amharic-named-entity-corpus/) · [**2021** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bedir-2021-overcoming-challenges-morphological-annotation-turkish/)

### 2010s

[**2019** 2 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/year/2019/) · [**2018** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ramisch-2018-edition-1-1-parseme-shared/) · [**2017** 4 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/year/2017/) · [**2016** 3 works](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/countries/turkiye/year/2016/) · [**2014** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/demirsahin-2014-annotating-discourse-connectives-spoken-turkish/)

### 2000s

[**2008** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zeyrek-2008-discourse-resource-turkish-annotating-discourse/) · [**2006** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nivre-2006-labeled-pseudo-projective-dependency-parsing/)

### 1990s

[**1994** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ersan-1994-focusing-pronoun-resolution-english-discourse/) · [**1993** 1 work](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/oflazer-1993-two-level-description-turkish-morphology/)

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Updated 23 October 2026