---
title: "MasakhaNER 2.0 — Adelani 2022"
description: "African languages have over a billion speakers but very few annotated NER resources, and it is unclear which source language to use when transferring…"
authors: ["David Ifeoluwa Adelani", "Graham Neubig", "Sebastian Ruder", "Shruti Rijhwani", "Michael Beukman", "Chester Palen-Michel", "Constantine Lignos", "Jesujoba O. Alabi", "Shamsuddeen H. Muhammad", "Peter Nabende", "Cheikh M. Bamba Dione", "Andiswa Bukula", "Rooweither Mabuya", "Bonaventure F. P. Dossou", "Blessing Sibanda", "Happy Buzaaba", "Jonathan Mukiibi", "Godson Kalipe", "Derguene Mbaye", "Amelia Taylor", "Fatoumata Kabore", "Chris Chinenye Emezue", "Anuoluwapo Aremu", "Perez Ogayo", "Catherine Gitau", "Edwin Munkoh-Buabeng", "Victoire Memdjokam Koagne", "Allahsera Auguste Tapo", "Tebogo Macucwa", "Vukosi Marivate", "Elvis Mboning", "Tajuddeen Gwadabe", "Tosin Adewumi", "Orevaoghene Ahia", "Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende", "Neo L. Mokono", "Ignatius Ezeani", "Chiamaka Chukwuneke", "Mofetoluwa Adeyemi", "Gilles Q. Hacheme", "Idris Abdulmumin", "Odunayo Ogundepo", "Oreen Yousuf", "Tatiana Moteu Ngoli", "Dietrich Klakow"]
year: 2022
venue: "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.298/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.298"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/adelani-2022-masakhaner-2-0-africa-centric/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/adelani-2022-masakhaner-2-0-africa-centric/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2022](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2022/page/3/) / MasakhaNER 2.0: Africa-centric Transfer Learning for Named Entity Recognition

# MasakhaNER 2.0: Africa-centric Transfer Learning for Named Entity Recognition

**Authors:** [David Ifeoluwa Adelani](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/david-ifeoluwa-adelani/), [Graham Neubig](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/graham-neubig/), [Sebastian Ruder](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sebastian-ruder/), [Shruti Rijhwani](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shruti-rijhwani/), Michael Beukman, [Chester Palen-Michel](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chester-palen-michel/), [Constantine Lignos](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/constantine-lignos/), [Jesujoba O. Alabi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jesujoba-o-alabi/), Shamsuddeen H. Muhammad, [Peter Nabende](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/peter-nabende/), Cheikh M. Bamba Dione, Andiswa Bukula et al. (45 authors) · **Year:** 2022 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.298/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.298.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.298](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.298) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4385572824)

**Citations:** 50 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [100](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140884 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
African languages have over a billion speakers but very few annotated NER resources, and it is unclear which source language to use when transferring models across languages. The authors build MasakhaNER 2.0, a human-annotated news-domain NER corpus for 20 Sub-Saharan African languages. It spans four language families and the continent's western, eastern, central and southern regions, and it adds Southern African languages that the earlier MasakhaNER 1.0 lacked. They set baselines by fine-tuning multilingual PLMs. They then study zero-shot and few-shot cross-lingual transfer, testing whether entity overlap and geographical, typological and phylogenetic features predict which source language transfers best. Choosing the most suitable source language instead of defaulting to English raises zero-shot F1 by about 14 points on average across the 20 target languages. Geographic proximity and entity overlap prove to be the strongest predictors. The work provides a broad, typologically varied benchmark and shows that English-centric transfer can seriously underperform for African languages.

## Key points
- Among manually labeled NER resources covering African languages, MasakhaNER 2.0 is presented as the biggest. It covers 20 languages with 1M–100M speakers each, together spoken by over 500M people in about 27 countries.
- Language makeup: 17 Niger-Congo languages (8 of them Bantu), plus Hausa (Afro-Asiatic), Luo (Nilo-Saharan) and Naija (English Creole). Five languages come from Southern Africa, including isiZulu, isiXhosa and chiShona.
- Annotated texts come from news sources such as MAFAND-MT, VOA Shona/Swahili, IGIHE and the Isolezwe Newspaper. Annotation was done with the ELISA NER tool, and the data, code and models are released on GitHub.
- Picking the best transfer language beats using English by about 14 F1 points on average in zero-shot settings. In most cases, zero-shot transfer from the best language comes close to fine-tuning on 500 target-language sentences.
- Annotating 100 sentences takes roughly 30 minutes and 500 sentences about 2.5 hours. LangRank could not perfectly predict the top transfer languages, and the corpus does not cover Khoisan or Austronesian languages.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Natural language processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/)

Topics: [Named entity recognition](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/named-entity-recognition/)

## Cited by

Cited by

100 papers of our library cite it (of the 140884 whose bibliographies we read); 7 of them have a page here, 93 not yet.

- [SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialects](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/adelani-2023-sib-200-simple-inclusive-big/)
- [MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AI](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ahuja-2023-mega-multilingual-evaluation-generative-ai/)
- [MzansiText and MzansiLM: An Open Corpus and Decoder-Only Language Model for South African Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lombard-2026-mzansitext-mzansilm-open-corpus-decoder/)
- [AfriSenti: A Twitter Sentiment Analysis Benchmark for African Languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/muhammad-2023-afrisenti-twitter-sentiment-analysis-benchmark/)
- [Do LLMs Judge Distantly Supervised Named Entity Labels Well? Constructing the JudgeWEL Dataset](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/plum-2026-do-llms-judge-distantly-supervised/)
- [Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ustun-2024-aya-model-instruction-finetuned-open/)
- [A Dataset of Wolof Ajami Manuscripts for HTR and OCR](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yousuf-2026-dataset-wolof-ajami-manuscripts-htr/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{adelani2022masakhaner,
  title = {{MasakhaNER 2.0: Africa-centric Transfer Learning for Named Entity Recognition}},
  author = {Adelani, David Ifeoluwa and Neubig, Graham and Ruder, Sebastian and Rijhwani, Shruti and Beukman, Michael and Palen-Michel, Chester and Lignos, Constantine and Alabi, Jesujoba O. and Muhammad, Shamsuddeen H. and Nabende, Peter and Dione, Cheikh M. Bamba and Bukula, Andiswa and Mabuya, Rooweither and Dossou, Bonaventure F. P. and Sibanda, Blessing and Buzaaba, Happy and Mukiibi, Jonathan and Kalipe, Godson and Mbaye, Derguene and Taylor, Amelia and Kabore, Fatoumata and Emezue, Chris Chinenye and Aremu, Anuoluwapo and Ogayo, Perez and Gitau, Catherine and Munkoh-Buabeng, Edwin and Koagne, Victoire Memdjokam and Tapo, Allahsera Auguste and Macucwa, Tebogo and Marivate, Vukosi and Mboning, Elvis and Gwadabe, Tajuddeen and Adewumi, Tosin and Ahia, Orevaoghene and Nakatumba-Nabende, Joyce and Mokono, Neo L. and Ezeani, Ignatius and Chukwuneke, Chiamaka and Adeyemi, Mofetoluwa and Hacheme, Gilles Q. and Abdulmumin, Idris and Ogundepo, Odunayo and Yousuf, Oreen and Ngoli, Tatiana Moteu and Klakow, Dietrich},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.298},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.298}
}
```

- [← previous Masader: Metadata Sourcing for Arabic Text and Speech Data Resources](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alyafeai-2022-masader-metadata-sourcing-arabic-text/)
- [next → MaTESe: Machine Translation Evaluation as a Sequence Tagging Problem](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/perrella-2022-matese-machine-translation-evaluation-as/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2022](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2022/page/3/)

## References

80 references, 24 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Idris Abdulmumin, Satya Ranjan Dash, Musa Abdullahi Dawud, Shantipriya Parida, Shamsuddeen Muhammad, Ibrahim Sa’id Ahmad, Subhadarshi Panda, Ondřej Bojar, Bashir Shehu Galadanci, and Bello Shehu Bello. 2022. Hausa visual genome: A dataset for multi-modal English to Hausa machine translation. In Pro… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Idris+Abdulmumin%2C+Satya+Ranjan+Dash%2C+Musa+Abdullahi+Dawud%2C+Shantipriya+Parida%2C+Shamsuddeen+Muhammad%2C+Ibrahim+Sa%E2%80%99id+Ahmad%2C+Subhadarshi+Panda%2C+Ondr%CC%8Cej+Bojar%2C+Bashir+Shehu+Galadanci%2C+and+Bello+Shehu+Bell)
2. David Adelani, Dana Ruiter, Jesujoba Alabi, Damilola Adebonojo, Adesina Ayeni, Mofe Adeyemi, Ayodele Esther Awokoya, and Cristina España-Bonet. 2021a. The effect of domain and diacritics in Yoruba– English neural machine translation. In Proceedings of Machine Translation Summit XVIII: Research Track… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=David+Adelani%2C+Dana+Ruiter%2C+Jesujoba+Alabi%2C+Damilola+Adebonojo%2C+Adesina+Ayeni%2C+Mofe+Adeyemi%2C+Ayodele+Esther+Awokoya%2C+and+Cristina+Espa%C3%B1a%2DBonet%2E+2021a%2E+The+effect+of+domain+and+diacritics+in+Yoruba%E2%80%93+En)
3. David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Jade Abbott, Graham Neubig, Daniel D’souza, Julia Kreutzer, Constantine Lignos, Chester Palen-Michel, Happy Buzaaba, Shruti Rijhwani, Sebastian Ruder, Stephen Mayhew, Israel Abebe Azime, Shamsuddeen H. Muhammad, Chris Chinenye Emezue, Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende, Perez Ogayo, Are… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=David+Ifeoluwa+Adelani%2C+Jade+Abbott%2C+Graham+Neubig%2C+Daniel+D%E2%80%99souza%2C+Julia+Kreutzer%2C+Constantine+Lignos%2C+Chester+Palen%2DMichel%2C+Happy+Buzaaba%2C+Shruti+Rijhwani%2C+Sebastian+Ruder%2C+Stephen+Mayhew%2C+Israel+Ab) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/adelani-2021-masakhaner-named-entity-recognition-african/)
4. David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Jesujoba Oluwadara Alabi, Angela Fan, Julia Kreutzer, Xiaoyu Shen, Machel Reid, Dana Ruiter, Dietrich Klakow, Peter Nabende, Ernie Chang, Tajuddeen Gwadabe, Freshia Sackey, Bonaventure F. P. Dossou, Chris Chinenye Emezue, Colin Leong, Michael Beukman, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muham… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=David+Ifeoluwa+Adelani%2C+Jesujoba+Oluwadara+Alabi%2C+Angela+Fan%2C+Julia+Kreutzer%2C+Xiaoyu+Shen%2C+Machel+Reid%2C+Dana+Ruiter%2C+Dietrich+Klakow%2C+Peter+Nabende%2C+Ernie+Chang%2C+Tajuddeen+Gwadabe%2C+Freshia+Sackey%2C+Bon) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/adelani-2022-few-thousand-translations-go-long/)
5. Kabir Ahuja, Shanu Kumar, Sandipan Dandapat, and Monojit Choudhury. 2022. Multi task learning for zero shot performance prediction of multilingual models. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 5454–5467, Dublin, Irel… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kabir+Ahuja%2C+Shanu+Kumar%2C+Sandipan+Dandapat%2C+and+Monojit+Choudhury%2E+2022%2E+Multi+task+learning+for+zero+shot+performance+prediction+of+multilingual+models%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+60th+Annual+Meeting+of+)
6. Jesujoba Alabi, Kwabena Amponsah-Kaakyire, David Adelani, and Cristina España-Bonet. 2020. Massive vs. curated embeddings for low-resourced languages: the case of Yorùbá and Twi. In Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 2754–2762, Marseille, France. European Lan… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jesujoba+Alabi%2C+Kwabena+Amponsah%2DKaakyire%2C+David+Adelani%2C+and+Cristina+Espa%C3%B1a%2DBonet%2E+2020%2E+Massive+vs%2E+curated+embeddings+for+low%2Dresourced+languages%3A+the+case+of+Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1+and+Twi%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the)
7. Jesujoba O. Alabi, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Marius Mosbach, and Dietrich Klakow. 2022. Adapting pre-trained language models to African languages via multilingual adaptive fine-tuning. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 4336–4349, Gyeongju, Republic… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jesujoba+O%2E+Alabi%2C+David+Ifeoluwa+Adelani%2C+Marius+Mosbach%2C+and+Dietrich+Klakow%2E+2022%2E+Adapting+pre%2Dtrained+language+models+to+African+languages+via+multilingual+adaptive+fine%2Dtuning%2E+In+Proceedings+of) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alabi-2022-adapting-pre-trained-language-models/)
8. Cheikh Anta Babou and Michele Loporcaro. 2016. Noun classes and grammatical gender in wolof. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 37(1):1– 57. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cheikh+Anta+Babou+and+Michele+Loporcaro%2E+2016%2E+Noun+classes+and+grammatical+gender+in+wolof%2E+Journal+of+African+Languages+and+Linguistics%2C+37%281%29%3A1%E2%80%93+57%2E)
9. Yassine Benajiba, Paolo Rosso, and José Miguel BenedíRuiz. 2007. Anersys: An arabic named entity recognition system based on maximum entropy. In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, pages 143–153, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yassine+Benajiba%2C+Paolo+Rosso%2C+and+Jos%C3%A9+Miguel+Bened%C3%ADRuiz%2E+2007%2E+Anersys%3A+An+arabic+named+entity+recognition+system+based+on+maximum+entropy%2E+In+Computational+Linguistics+and+Intelligent+Text+Processi)
10. Michael Beukman. 2022. Analysing the effects of transfer learning on low-resourced named entity recognition performance. In 3rd Workshop on African Natural Language Processing. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Michael+Beukman%2E+2022%2E+Analysing+the+effects+of+transfer+learning+on+low%2Dresourced+named+entity+recognition+performance%2E+In+3rd+Workshop+on+African+Natural+Language+Processing%2E)
11. Adams Bodomo and Charles Marfo. 2002. The morphophonology of noun classes in dagaare and akan. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Adams+Bodomo+and+Charles+Marfo%2E+2002%2E+The+morphophonology+of+noun+classes+in+dagaare+and+akan%2E)
12. Hyung Won Chung, Thibault Fevry, Henry Tsai, Melvin Johnson, and Sebastian Ruder. 2021. Rethinking embedding coupling in pre-trained language models. In International Conference on Learning Representations. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hyung+Won+Chung%2C+Thibault+Fevry%2C+Henry+Tsai%2C+Melvin+Johnson%2C+and+Sebastian+Ruder%2E+2021%2E+Rethinking+embedding+coupling+in+pre%2Dtrained+language+models%2E+In+International+Conference+on+Learning+Representa) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chung-2020-rethinking-embedding-coupling-pre-trained/)
13. Kevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, and Christopher D. Manning. 2020. ELECTRA: Pre-training text encoders as discriminators rather than generators. In ICLR. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kevin+Clark%2C+Minh%2DThang+Luong%2C+Quoc+V%2E+Le%2C+and+Christopher+D%2E+Manning%2E+2020%2E+ELECTRA%3A+Pre%2Dtraining+text+encoders+as+discriminators+rather+than+generators%2E+In+ICLR%2E)
14. Alexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary, Guillaume Wenzek, Francisco Guzmán, Edouard Grave, Myle Ott, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2020. Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association fo… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Alexis+Conneau%2C+Kartikay+Khandelwal%2C+Naman+Goyal%2C+Vishrav+Chaudhary%2C+Guillaume+Wenzek%2C+Francisco+Guzm%C3%A1n%2C+Edouard+Grave%2C+Myle+Ott%2C+Luke+Zettlemoyer%2C+and+Veselin+Stoyanov%2E+2020%2E+Unsupervised+cross%2Dlingu)
15. Nicola De Cao, Ledell Wu, Kashyap Popat, Mikel Artetxe, Naman Goyal, Mikhail Plekhanov, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, Sebastian Riedel, and Fabio Petroni. 2022. Multilingual autoregressive entity linking. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 10:274–290. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nicola+De+Cao%2C+Ledell+Wu%2C+Kashyap+Popat%2C+Mikel+Artetxe%2C+Naman+Goyal%2C+Mikhail+Plekhanov%2C+Luke+Zettlemoyer%2C+Nicola+Cancedda%2C+Sebastian+Riedel%2C+and+Fabio+Petroni%2E+2022%2E+Multilingual+autoregressive+entity)
16. Wietse de Vries, Martijn Wieling, and Malvina Nissim. 2022. Make the best of cross-lingual transfer: Evidence from POS tagging with over 100 languages. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 7676–7685, Dublin, Ireland… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Wietse+de+Vries%2C+Martijn+Wieling%2C+and+Malvina+Nissim%2E+2022%2E+Make+the+best+of+cross%2Dlingual+transfer%3A+Evidence+from+POS+tagging+with+over+100+languages%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+60th+Annual+Meeting+of+the)
17. ∀, Wilhelmina Nekoto, Vukosi Marivate, Tshinondiwa Matsila, Timi Fasubaa, Taiwo Fagbohungbe, Solomon Oluwole Akinola, Shamsuddeen Muhammad, Salomon Kabongo Kabenamualu, Salomey Osei, Freshia Sackey, Rubungo Andre Niyongabo, Ricky Macharm, Perez Ogayo, Orevaoghene Ahia, Musie Meressa Berhe, Mofetoluw… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%E2%88%80%2C+Wilhelmina+Nekoto%2C+Vukosi+Marivate%2C+Tshinondiwa+Matsila%2C+Timi+Fasubaa%2C+Taiwo+Fagbohungbe%2C+Solomon+Oluwole+Akinola%2C+Shamsuddeen+Muhammad%2C+Salomon+Kabongo+Kabenamualu%2C+Salomey+Osei%2C+Freshia+Sackey%2C+R) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/nekoto-2020-participatory-research-low-resourced-machine/)
18. A J De Waal, A L Louis, and J P Venter. 2006. Named entity recognition in a south african context. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A+J+De+Waal%2C+A+L+Louis%2C+and+J+P+Venter%2E+2006%2E+Named+entity+recognition+in+a+south+african+context%2E)
19. Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019a. BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jacob+Devlin%2C+Ming%2DWei+Chang%2C+Kenton+Lee%2C+and+Kristina+Toutanova%2E+2019a%2E+BERT%3A+Pre%2Dtraining+of+deep+bidirectional+transformers+for+language+understanding%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2019+Conference+of+the+)
20. Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019b. BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jacob+Devlin%2C+Ming%2DWei+Chang%2C+Kenton+Lee%2C+and+Kristina+Toutanova%2E+2019b%2E+BERT%3A+Pre%2Dtraining+of+deep+bidirectional+transformers+for+language+understanding%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2019+Conference+of+the+)
21. Matthew S. Dryer and Martin Haspelmath, editors. 2013. WALS Online. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Matthew+S%2E+Dryer+and+Martin+Haspelmath%2C+editors%2E+2013%2E+WALS+Online%2E+Max+Planck+Institute+for+Evolutionary+Anthropology%2C+Leipzig%2E)
22. Stefan Daniel Dumitrescu and Andrei-Marius Avram. 2020. Introducing RONEC - the Romanian named entity corpus. In Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 4436– 4443, Marseille, France. European Language Resources Association. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Stefan+Daniel+Dumitrescu+and+Andrei%2DMarius+Avram%2E+2020%2E+Introducing+RONEC+%2D+the+Romanian+named+entity+corpus%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+12th+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation+Conference%2C+pages+4436%E2%80%93+4443%2C)
23. Abteen Ebrahimi, Manuel Mager, Arturo Oncevay, Vishrav Chaudhary, Luis Chiruzzo, Angela Fan, John Ortega, Ricardo Ramos, Annette Rios, Ivan Vladimir Meza Ruiz, Gustavo Giménez-Lugo, Elisabeth Mager, Graham Neubig, Alexis Palmer, Rolando Coto-Solano, Thang Vu, and Katharina Kann. 2022. AmericasNLI: E… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abteen+Ebrahimi%2C+Manuel+Mager%2C+Arturo+Oncevay%2C+Vishrav+Chaudhary%2C+Luis+Chiruzzo%2C+Angela+Fan%2C+John+Ortega%2C+Ricardo+Ramos%2C+Annette+Rios%2C+Ivan+Vladimir+Meza+Ruiz%2C+Gustavo+Gim%C3%A9nez%2DLugo%2C+Elisabeth+Mager%2C+G) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ebrahimi-2022-americasnli-evaluating-zero-shot-natural/)
24. Roald Eiselen. 2016. Government domain named entity recognition for South African languages. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’16), pages 3344–3348, Portorož, Slovenia. European Language Resources Association (ELRA). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Roald+Eiselen%2E+2016%2E+Government+domain+named+entity+recognition+for+South+African+languages%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+International+Conference+on+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation+%28LREC%E2%80%9916%29%2C+pages+)
25. Fahim Faisal, Yinkai Wang, and Antonios Anastasopoulos. 2022. Dataset geography: Mapping language Cláudia Freitas, Cristina Mota, Diana Santos, Hugo Gonçalo Oliveira, and Paula Carvalho. 2010. Second HAREM: Advancing the state of the art of named entity recognition in Portuguese. In Proceedings of t… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Fahim+Faisal%2C+Yinkai+Wang%2C+and+Antonios+Anastasopoulos%2E+2022%2E+Dataset+geography%3A+Mapping+language+Cl%C3%A1udia+Freitas%2C+Cristina+Mota%2C+Diana+Santos%2C+Hugo+Gon%C3%A7alo+Oliveira%2C+and+Paula+Carvalho%2E+2010%2E+Second+)
26. Normunds Gruzitis, Lauma Pretkalnina, Baiba Saulite, Laura Rituma, Gunta Nespore-Berzkalne, Arturs Znotins, and Peteris Paikens. 2018. Creation of a balanced state-of-the-art multilayer corpus for NLU. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Normunds+Gruzitis%2C+Lauma+Pretkalnina%2C+Baiba+Saulite%2C+Laura+Rituma%2C+Gunta+Nespore%2DBerzkalne%2C+Arturs+Znotins%2C+and+Peteris+Paikens%2E+2018%2E+Creation+of+a+balanced+state%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dart+multilayer+corpus+for+NLU)
27. Harald Hammarström, Robert Forkel, and Martin Haspelmath. 2018. Glottolog 3.0. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Harald+Hammarstr%C3%B6m%2C+Robert+Forkel%2C+and+Martin+Haspelmath%2E+2018%2E+Glottolog+3%2E0%2E+Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History%2E)
28. Pengcheng He, Jianfeng Gao, and Weizhu Chen. 2021. Debertav3: Improving deberta using electra-style pre-training with gradient-disentangled embedding sharing. ArXiv, abs/2111.09543. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pengcheng+He%2C+Jianfeng+Gao%2C+and+Weizhu+Chen%2E+2021%2E+Debertav3%3A+Improving+deberta+using+electra%2Dstyle+pre%2Dtraining+with+gradient%2Ddisentangled+embedding+sharing%2E+ArXiv%2C+abs%2F2111%2E09543%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/he-2021-debertav3-improving-deberta-using-electra/)
29. Michael A. Hedderich, David Adelani, Dawei Zhu, Jesujoba Alabi, Udia Markus, and Dietrich Klakow. 2020. Transfer learning and distant supervision for multilingual transformer models: A study on African languages. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processi… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Michael+A%2E+Hedderich%2C+David+Adelani%2C+Dawei+Zhu%2C+Jesujoba+Alabi%2C+Udia+Markus%2C+and+Dietrich+Klakow%2E+2020%2E+Transfer+learning+and+distant+supervision+for+multilingual+transformer+models%3A+A+study+on+Africa)
30. Junjie Hu, Sebastian Ruder, Aditya Siddhant, Graham Neubig, Orhan Firat, and Melvin Johnson. 2020. XTREME: A massively multilingual multi-task benchmark for evaluating cross-lingual generalisation. In Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, volume 119 of Proceedings of… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Junjie+Hu%2C+Sebastian+Ruder%2C+Aditya+Siddhant%2C+Graham+Neubig%2C+Orhan+Firat%2C+and+Melvin+Johnson%2E+2020%2E+XTREME%3A+A+massively+multilingual+multi%2Dtask+benchmark+for+evaluating+cross%2Dlingual+generalisation%2E+In)
31. Rasmus Hvingelby, Amalie Brogaard Pauli, Maria Barrett, Christina Rosted, Lasse Malm Lidegaard, and Anders Søgaard. 2020. DaNE: A named entity resource for Danish. In Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 4597–4604, Marseille, France. European Language Resources… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Rasmus+Hvingelby%2C+Amalie+Brogaard+Pauli%2C+Maria+Barrett%2C+Christina+Rosted%2C+Lasse+Malm+Lidegaard%2C+and+Anders+S%C3%B8gaard%2E+2020%2E+DaNE%3A+A+named+entity+resource+for+Danish%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+12th+Language+)
32. Ebrahim Chekol Jibril and A. Cüneyd Tantug. 2022. Anec: An amharic named entity corpus and transformer based recognizer. ArXiv, abs/2207.00785. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ebrahim+Chekol+Jibril+and+A%2E+C%C3%BCneyd+Tantug%2E+2022%2E+Anec%3A+An+amharic+named+entity+corpus+and+transformer+based+recognizer%2E+ArXiv%2C+abs%2F2207%2E00785%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jibril-2022-anec-amharic-named-entity-corpus/)
33. Bjarte Johansen. 2019. Named-entity recognition for norwegian. In Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics, NoDaLiDa. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Bjarte+Johansen%2E+2019%2E+Named%2Dentity+recognition+for+norwegian%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+22nd+Nordic+Conference+on+Computational+Linguistics%2C+NoDaLiDa%2E)
34. C. Junior, H. Macedo, T. Bispo, F. Oliveira, N. Silva, and L. Barbosa. 2015. Paramopama: a brazilian-portuguese corpus for named entity recognition. In 12th National Meeting on Artificial and Computational Intelligence (ENIAC). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=C%2E+Junior%2C+H%2E+Macedo%2C+T%2E+Bispo%2C+F%2E+Oliveira%2C+N%2E+Silva%2C+and+L%2E+Barbosa%2E+2015%2E+Paramopama%3A+a+brazilian%2Dportuguese+corpus+for+named+entity+recognition%2E+In+12th+National+Meeting+on+Artificial+and+Computat)
35. Karthikeyan K, Zihan Wang, Stephen Mayhew, and Dan Roth. 2020. Cross-lingual ability of multilingual bert: An empirical study. In International Conference on Learning Representations. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Karthikeyan+K%2C+Zihan+Wang%2C+Stephen+Mayhew%2C+and+Dan+Roth%2E+2020%2E+Cross%2Dlingual+ability+of+multilingual+bert%3A+An+empirical+study%2E+In+International+Conference+on+Learning+Representations%2E)
36. Antonia Karamolegkou and Sara Stymne. 2021. Investigation of transfer languages for parsing Latin: Italic branch vs. Hellenic branch. In Proceedings of the 23rd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa), pages 315–320, Reykjavik, Iceland (Online). Linköping University Electronic Pres… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Antonia+Karamolegkou+and+Sara+Stymne%2E+2021%2E+Investigation+of+transfer+languages+for+parsing+Latin%3A+Italic+branch+vs%2E+Hellenic+branch%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+23rd+Nordic+Conference+on+Computational+Ling)
37. Siti Oryza Khairunnisa, Aizhan Imankulova, and Mamoru Komachi. 2020. Towards a standardized dataset on Indonesian named entity recognition. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 10th International Joint Conference on… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Siti+Oryza+Khairunnisa%2C+Aizhan+Imankulova%2C+and+Mamoru+Komachi%2E+2020%2E+Towards+a+standardized+dataset+on+Indonesian+named+entity+recognition%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+1st+Conference+of+the+Asia%2DPacific+Cha)
38. Maria Yu Konoshenko and Dasha Shavarina. 2019. A microtypological survey of noun classes in kwa. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 40:114 – 75. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maria+Yu+Konoshenko+and+Dasha+Shavarina%2E+2019%2E+A+microtypological+survey+of+noun+classes+in+kwa%2E+Journal+of+African+Languages+and+Linguistics%2C+40%3A114+%E2%80%93+75%2E)
39. Anne Lauscher, Vinit Ravishankar, Ivan Vulić, and Goran Glavaš. 2020. From zero to hero: On the limitations of zero-shot language transfer with multilingual Transformers. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 4483–4499, Online. Asso… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Anne+Lauscher%2C+Vinit+Ravishankar%2C+Ivan+Vulic%CC%81%2C+and+Goran+Glava%C5%A1%2E+2020%2E+From+zero+to+hero%3A+On+the+limitations+of+zero%2Dshot+language+transfer+with+multilingual+Transformers%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2020+C) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lauscher-2020-zero-hero-limitations-zero-shot/)
40. M Paul Lewis. 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the world Sixteenth Edition. SIL international. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=M+Paul+Lewis%2E+2009%2E+Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+world+Sixteenth+Edition%2E+SIL+international%2E)
41. Quentin Lhoest, Albert Villanova del Moral, Yacine Jernite, Abhishek Thakur, Patrick von Platen, Suraj Patil, Julien Chaumond, Mariama Drame, Julien Plu, Lewis Tunstall, Joe Davison, Mario Šaško, Gunjan Chhablani, Bhavitvya Malik, Simon Brandeis, Teven Le Scao, Victor Sanh, Canwen Xu, Nicolas Patry,… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Quentin+Lhoest%2C+Albert+Villanova+del+Moral%2C+Yacine+Jernite%2C+Abhishek+Thakur%2C+Patrick+von+Platen%2C+Suraj+Patil%2C+Julien+Chaumond%2C+Mariama+Drame%2C+Julien+Plu%2C+Lewis+Tunstall%2C+Joe+Davison%2C+Mario+%C5%A0a%C5%A1ko%2C+Gunj) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lhoest-2021-datasets-community-library-natural-language/)
42. Ying Lin, Cash Costello, Boliang Zhang, Di Lu, Heng Ji, James Mayfield, and Paul McNamee. 2018. Platforms for non-speakers annotating names in any language. In Proceedings of ACL 2018, System Demonstrations, pages 1–6, Melbourne, Australia. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ying+Lin%2C+Cash+Costello%2C+Boliang+Zhang%2C+Di+Lu%2C+Heng+Ji%2C+James+Mayfield%2C+and+Paul+McNamee%2E+2018%2E+Platforms+for+non%2Dspeakers+annotating+names+in+any+language%2E+In+Proceedings+of+ACL+2018%2C+System+Demonstr)
43. Yu-Hsiang Lin, Chian-Yu Chen, Jean Lee, Zirui Li, Yuyan Zhang, Mengzhou Xia, Shruti Rijhwani, Junxian He, Zhisong Zhang, Xuezhe Ma, Antonios Anastasopoulos, Patrick Littell, and Graham Neubig. 2019. Choosing transfer languages for cross-lingual learning. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yu%2DHsiang+Lin%2C+Chian%2DYu+Chen%2C+Jean+Lee%2C+Zirui+Li%2C+Yuyan+Zhang%2C+Mengzhou+Xia%2C+Shruti+Rijhwani%2C+Junxian+He%2C+Zhisong+Zhang%2C+Xuezhe+Ma%2C+Antonios+Anastasopoulos%2C+Patrick+Littell%2C+and+Graham+Neubig%2E+2019%2E+C) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lin-2019-choosing-transfer-languages-cross-lingual/)
44. Patrick Littell, David R. Mortensen, Ke Lin, Katherine Kairis, Carlisle Turner, and Lori Levin. 2017. URIEL and lang2vec: Representing languages as typological, geographical, and phylogenetic vectors. In Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Patrick+Littell%2C+David+R%2E+Mortensen%2C+Ke+Lin%2C+Katherine+Kairis%2C+Carlisle+Turner%2C+and+Lori+Levin%2E+2017%2E+URIEL+and+lang2vec%3A+Representing+languages+as+typological%2C+geographical%2C+and+phylogenetic+vectors%2E) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/littell-2017-uriel-lang2vec-representing-languages-as/)
45. Pengfei Liu, Jinlan Fu, Yang Xiao, Weizhe Yuan, Shuaichen Chang, Junqi Dai, Yixin Liu, Zihuiwen Ye, and Graham Neubig. 2021. ExplainaBoard: An explainable leaderboard for NLP. In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pengfei+Liu%2C+Jinlan+Fu%2C+Yang+Xiao%2C+Weizhe+Yuan%2C+Shuaichen+Chang%2C+Junqi+Dai%2C+Yixin+Liu%2C+Zihuiwen+Ye%2C+and+Graham+Neubig%2E+2021%2E+ExplainaBoard%3A+An+explainable+leaderboard+for+NLP%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+59)
46. Bernardo Magnini, Amedeo Cappelli, Fabio Tamburini, Cristina Bosco, Alessandro Mazzei, Vincenzo Lombardo, Francesca Bertagna, Nicoletta Calzolari, Antonio Toral, Valentina Bartalesi Lenzi, Rachele Sprugnoli, and Manuela Speranza. 2008. Evaluation of natural language tools for Italian: EVALITA 2007.… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Bernardo+Magnini%2C+Amedeo+Cappelli%2C+Fabio+Tamburini%2C+Cristina+Bosco%2C+Alessandro+Mazzei%2C+Vincenzo+Lombardo%2C+Francesca+Bertagna%2C+Nicoletta+Calzolari%2C+Antonio+Toral%2C+Valentina+Bartalesi+Lenzi%2C+Rachele+Spr)
47. Stephen Mayhew, Tatiana Tsygankova, and Dan Roth. 2019. ner and pos when nothing is capitalized. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pages 6256– 6261, Hong… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Stephen+Mayhew%2C+Tatiana+Tsygankova%2C+and+Dan+Roth%2E+2019%2E+ner+and+pos+when+nothing+is+capitalized%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2019+Conference+on+Empirical+Methods+in+Natural+Language+Processing+and+the+9th+I)
48. Hans J. Melzian. 1933. Introduction to the phonology of the bantu languages. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 7(1):246–247. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hans+J%2E+Melzian%2E+1933%2E+Introduction+to+the+phonology+of+the+bantu+languages%2E+Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+7%281%29%3A246%E2%80%93247%2E)
49. Steven Moran, D McCloy, and R Wright. 2014. Phoible online. max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology, leipzig. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Steven+Moran%2C+D+McCloy%2C+and+R+Wright%2E+2014%2E+Phoible+online%2E+max+planck+institute+for+evolutionary+anthropology%2C+leipzig%2E)
50. Akintunde Oladipo, Odunayo Ogundepo, Kelechi Ogueji, and Jimmy Lin. 2022. An exploration of vocabulary size and transfer effects in multilingual language models for african languages. In 3rd Workshop on African Natural Language Processing. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Akintunde+Oladipo%2C+Odunayo+Ogundepo%2C+Kelechi+Ogueji%2C+and+Jimmy+Lin%2E+2022%2E+An+exploration+of+vocabulary+size+and+transfer+effects+in+multilingual+language+models+for+african+languages%2E+In+3rd+Workshop+)
51. JC Oosthuysen. 2016. The Grammar of isiXhosa, 1 edition. African Sun Media. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=JC+Oosthuysen%2E+2016%2E+The+Grammar+of+isiXhosa%2C+1+edition%2E+African+Sun+Media%2E)
52. Sungjoon Park, Jihyung Moon, Sungdong Kim, Won Ik Cho, Jiyoon Han, Jangwon Park, Chisung Song, Junseong Kim, Yongsook Song, Taehwan Oh, Joohong Lee, Juhyun Oh, Sungwon Lyu, Younghoon Jeong, Inkwon Lee, Sangwoo Seo, Dongjun Lee, Hyunwoo Kim, Myeonghwa Lee, Seongbo Jang, Seungwon Do, Sunkyoung Kim, Ky… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sungjoon+Park%2C+Jihyung+Moon%2C+Sungdong+Kim%2C+Won+Ik+Cho%2C+Jiyoon+Han%2C+Jangwon+Park%2C+Chisung+Song%2C+Junseong+Kim%2C+Yongsook+Song%2C+Taehwan+Oh%2C+Joohong+Lee%2C+Juhyun+Oh%2C+Sungwon+Lyu%2C+Younghoon+Jeong%2C+Inkwon+Lee)
53. Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Sebastian Ruder, Ibrahim Sa’id Ahmad, Idris Abdulmumin, Bello Shehu Bello, Monojit Choudhury, Chris Chinenye Emezue, Saheed Salahudeen Abdullahi, Anuoluwapo Aremu, Alípio Jorge, and Pavel Brazdil. 2022. NaijaSenti: A nigerian Twitter sentiment cor… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Shamsuddeen+Hassan+Muhammad%2C+David+Ifeoluwa+Adelani%2C+Sebastian+Ruder%2C+Ibrahim+Sa%E2%80%99id+Ahmad%2C+Idris+Abdulmumin%2C+Bello+Shehu+Bello%2C+Monojit+Choudhury%2C+Chris+Chinenye+Emezue%2C+Saheed+Salahudeen+Abdullahi%2C+A) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/muhammad-2022-naijasenti-nigerian-twitter-sentiment-corpus/)
54. Doris L. Payne, Sara Pacchiarotti, and Mokaya Bosire, editors. 2017. Diversity in African languages. Number 1 in Contemporary African Linguistics. Language Science Press, Berlin. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Doris+L%2E+Payne%2C+Sara+Pacchiarotti%2C+and+Mokaya+Bosire%2C+editors%2E+2017%2E+Diversity+in+African+languages%2E+Number+1+in+Contemporary+African+Linguistics%2E+Language+Science+Press%2C+Berlin%2E)
55. Clemens Neudecker. 2016. An open corpus for named entity recognition in historic newspapers. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’16), pages 4348–4352, Portorož, Slovenia. European Language Resources Association (ELRA). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Clemens+Neudecker%2E+2016%2E+An+open+corpus+for+named+entity+recognition+in+historic+newspapers%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+International+Conference+on+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation+%28LREC%E2%80%9916%29%2C+pages+)
56. Telmo Pires, Eva Schlinger, and Dan Garrette. 2019. How multilingual is multilingual BERT? In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 4996–5001, Florence, Italy. Association for Computational Linguistics. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Telmo+Pires%2C+Eva+Schlinger%2C+and+Dan+Garrette%2E+2019%2E+How+multilingual+is+multilingual+BERT%3F+In+Proceedings+of+the+57th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Association+for+Computational+Linguistics%2C+pages+4996%E2%80%935001%2C+) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pires-2019-how-multilingual-is-multilingual-bert/)
57. Johanna Nichols and Balthasar Bickel. 2013. Possessive classification. In Matthew S. Dryer and Martin Haspelmath, editors, The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Johanna+Nichols+and+Balthasar+Bickel%2E+2013%2E+Possessive+classification%2E+In+Matthew+S%2E+Dryer+and+Martin+Haspelmath%2C+editors%2C+The+World+Atlas+of+Language+Structures+Online%2E+Max+Planck+Institute+for+Evolu)
58. Edoardo Maria Ponti, Goran Glavaš, Olga Majewska, Qianchu Liu, Ivan Vulić, and Anna Korhonen. 2020. XCOPA: A multilingual dataset for causal commonsense reasoning. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 2362–2376, Online. Association… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Edoardo+Maria+Ponti%2C+Goran+Glava%C5%A1%2C+Olga+Majewska%2C+Qianchu+Liu%2C+Ivan+Vulic%CC%81%2C+and+Anna+Korhonen%2E+2020%2E+XCOPA%3A+A+multilingual+dataset+for+causal+commonsense+reasoning%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2020+Conferen) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ponti-2020-xcopa-multilingual-dataset-causal-commonsense/)
59. Derek Nurse and Gerard Philippson, editors. 2006. The Bantu Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. Routledge, London, England. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Derek+Nurse+and+Gerard+Philippson%2C+editors%2E+2006%2E+The+Bantu+Languages%2E+Routledge+Language+Family+Series%2E+Routledge%2C+London%2C+England%2E)
60. Ossama Obeid, Nasser Zalmout, Salam Khalifa, Dima Taji, Mai Oudah, Bashar Alhafni, Go Inoue, Fadhl Eryani, Alexander Erdmann, and Nizar Habash. 2020. CAMeL tools: An open source python toolkit for Arabic natural language processing. In Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Confer… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ossama+Obeid%2C+Nasser+Zalmout%2C+Salam+Khalifa%2C+Dima+Taji%2C+Mai+Oudah%2C+Bashar+Alhafni%2C+Go+Inoue%2C+Fadhl+Eryani%2C+Alexander+Erdmann%2C+and+Nizar+Habash%2E+2020%2E+CAMeL+tools%3A+An+open+source+python+toolkit+for+Ara) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/obeid-2020-camel-tools-open-source-python/)
61. Kelechi Ogueji, Yuxin Zhu, and Jimmy Lin. 2021. Small data? no problem! exploring the viability of pretrained multilingual language models for low-resourced languages. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Multilingual Representation Learning, pages 116–126, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. Associati… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kelechi+Ogueji%2C+Yuxin+Zhu%2C+and+Jimmy+Lin%2E+2021%2E+Small+data%3F+no+problem%21+exploring+the+viability+of+pretrained+multilingual+language+models+for+low%2Dresourced+languages%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+1st+Worksh) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ogueji-2021-small-data-no-problem-exploring/)
62. Jonas Pfeiffer, Ivan Vulić, Iryna Gurevych, and Sebastian Ruder. 2020. MAD-X: An Adapter-Based Framework for Multi-Task Cross-Lingual Transfer. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 7654–7673, Online. Association for Computational L… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jonas+Pfeiffer%2C+Ivan+Vulic%CC%81%2C+Iryna+Gurevych%2C+and+Sebastian+Ruder%2E+2020%2E+MAD%2DX%3A+An+Adapter%2DBased+Framework+for+Multi%2DTask+Cross%2DLingual+Transfer%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2020+Conference+on+Empirical+Meth) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pfeiffer-2020-mad-x-adapter-based-framework/)
63. Hanieh Poostchi, Ehsan Zare Borzeshi, Mohammad Abdous, and Massimo Piccardi. 2016. PersoNER: Persian named-entity recognition. In Proceedings of COLING 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers, pages 3381–3389, Osaka, Japan. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hanieh+Poostchi%2C+Ehsan+Zare+Borzeshi%2C+Mohammad+Abdous%2C+and+Massimo+Piccardi%2E+2016%2E+PersoNER%3A+Persian+named%2Dentity+recognition%2E+In+Proceedings+of+COLING+2016%2C+the+26th+International+Conference+on+Compu)
64. The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The+COLING+2016+Organizing+Committee%2E)
65. A R Priatama, , and Y Setiawan. 2022. Regression models for estimating aboveground biomass and stand volume using landsat-based indices in post-mining area. J. Manaj. Hutan Trop. (J. Trop. For. Manag.), 28(1):1–14. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A+R+Priatama%2C+%2C+and+Y+Setiawan%2E+2022%2E+Regression+models+for+estimating+aboveground+biomass+and+stand+volume+using+landsat%2Dbased+indices+in+post%2Dmining+area%2E+J%2E+Manaj%2E+Hutan+Trop%2E+%28J%2E+Trop%2E+For%2E+Manag%2E)
66. Yada Pruksachatkun, Jason Phang, Haokun Liu, Phu Mon Htut, Xiaoyi Zhang, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Clara Vania, Katharina Kann, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2020. Intermediate-task transfer learning with pretrained language models: When and why does it work? In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Ass… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Yada+Pruksachatkun%2C+Jason+Phang%2C+Haokun+Liu%2C+Phu+Mon+Htut%2C+Xiaoyi+Zhang%2C+Richard+Yuanzhe+Pang%2C+Clara+Vania%2C+Katharina+Kann%2C+and+Samuel+R%2E+Bowman%2E+2020%2E+Intermediate%2Dtask+transfer+learning+with+pretrai) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pruksachatkun-2020-intermediate-task-transfer-learning-pretrained/)
67. Machel Reid, Junjie Hu, Graham Neubig, and Yutaka Matsuo. 2021. AfroMT: Pretraining strategies and reproducible benchmarks for translation of 8 African languages. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 1306–1320, Online and Punta Cana, Domini… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Machel+Reid%2C+Junjie+Hu%2C+Graham+Neubig%2C+and+Yutaka+Matsuo%2E+2021%2E+AfroMT%3A+Pretraining+strategies+and+reproducible+benchmarks+for+translation+of+8+African+languages%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2021+Conference)
68. Sebastian Ruder, Noah Constant, Jan Botha, Aditya Siddhant, Orhan Firat, Jinlan Fu, Pengfei Liu, Junjie Hu, Dan Garrette, Graham Neubig, and Melvin Johnson. 2021. XTREME-R: Towards more challenging and nuanced multilingual evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Sebastian+Ruder%2C+Noah+Constant%2C+Jan+Botha%2C+Aditya+Siddhant%2C+Orhan+Firat%2C+Jinlan+Fu%2C+Pengfei+Liu%2C+Junjie+Hu%2C+Dan+Garrette%2C+Graham+Neubig%2C+and+Melvin+Johnson%2E+2021%2E+XTREME%2DR%3A+Towards+more+challenging+an) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ruder-2021-xtreme-r-more-challenging-nuanced/)
69. Teemu Ruokolainen, Pekka Kauppinen, Miikka Silfverberg, and Krister Lindén. 2019. A finnish news corpus for named entity recognition. Language Resources and Evaluation, pages 1–26. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Teemu+Ruokolainen%2C+Pekka+Kauppinen%2C+Miikka+Silfverberg%2C+and+Krister+Lind%C3%A9n%2E+2019%2E+A+finnish+news+corpus+for+named+entity+recognition%2E+Language+Resources+and+Evaluation%2C+pages+1%E2%80%9326%2E)
70. O. M. Singh, A. Padia, and A. Joshi. 2019. Named entity recognition for nepali language. In 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC), pages 184–190. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=O%2E+M%2E+Singh%2C+A%2E+Padia%2C+and+A%2E+Joshi%2E+2019%2E+Named+entity+recognition+for+nepali+language%2E+In+2019+IEEE+5th+International+Conference+on+Collaboration+and+Internet+Computing+%28CIC%29%2C+pages+184%E2%80%93190%2E)
71. Stephanie Strassel and Jennifer Tracey. 2016. LORELEI language packs: Data, tools, and resources for technology development in low resource languages. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’16), pages 3273–3280, Portorož, Slovenia. European La… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Stephanie+Strassel+and+Jennifer+Tracey%2E+2016%2E+LORELEI+language+packs%3A+Data%2C+tools%2C+and+resources+for+technology+development+in+low+resource+languages%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Tenth+International+Confere) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/strassel-2016-lorelei-language-packs-data-tools/)
72. György Szarvas, Richárd Farkas, László Felföldi, András Kocsor, and János Csirik. 2006. A highly accurate named entity corpus for Hungarian. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’06), Genoa, Italy. European Language Resources Association (ELR… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Gy%C3%B6rgy+Szarvas%2C+Rich%C3%A1rd+Farkas%2C+L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3+Felf%C3%B6ldi%2C+Andr%C3%A1s+Kocsor%2C+and+J%C3%A1nos+Csirik%2E+2006%2E+A+highly+accurate+named+entity+corpus+for+Hungarian%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Fifth+International+Conference+on+Lan)
73. Erik F. Tjong Kim Sang. 2002. Introduction to the CoNLL-2002 shared task: Language-independent named entity recognition. In COLING-02: The 6th Conference on Natural Language Learning 2002 (CoNLL-2002). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Erik+F%2E+Tjong+Kim+Sang%2E+2002%2E+Introduction+to+the+CoNLL%2D2002+shared+task%3A+Language%2Dindependent+named+entity+recognition%2E+In+COLING%2D02%3A+The+6th+Conference+on+Natural+Language+Learning+2002+%28CoNLL%2D2002%29) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sang-2002-introduction-conll-2002-shared-task/)
74. Erik F. Tjong Kim Sang and Fien De Meulder. 2003. Introduction to the CoNLL-2003 shared task: Language-independent named entity recognition. In Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Natural Language Learning at HLT-NAACL 2003, pages 142– 147. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Erik+F%2E+Tjong+Kim+Sang+and+Fien+De+Meulder%2E+2003%2E+Introduction+to+the+CoNLL%2D2003+shared+task%3A+Language%2Dindependent+named+entity+recognition%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+Seventh+Conference+on+Natural+Languag)
75. Kees Versteegh. 2001. Linguistic contacts between arabic and other languages. Arabica, 48:470–508. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kees+Versteegh%2E+2001%2E+Linguistic+contacts+between+arabic+and+other+languages%2E+Arabica%2C+48%3A470%E2%80%93508%2E)
76. Thomas Wolf, Lysandre Debut, Victor Sanh, Julien Chaumond, Clement Delangue, Anthony Moi, Pier-ric Cistac, Tim Rault, Remi Louf, Morgan Funtowicz, Joe Davison, Sam Shleifer, Patrick von Platen, Clara Ma, Yacine Jernite, Julien Plu, Canwen Xu, Teven Le Scao, Sylvain Gugger, Mariama Drame, Quentin Lho… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Thomas+Wolf%2C+Lysandre+Debut%2C+Victor+Sanh%2C+Julien+Chaumond%2C+Clement+Delangue%2C+Anthony+Moi%2C+Pier%2Dric+Cistac%2C+Tim+Rault%2C+Remi+Louf%2C+Morgan+Funtowicz%2C+Joe+Davison%2C+Sam+Shleifer%2C+Patrick+von+Platen%2C+Clara+) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wolf-2020-transformers-state-art-natural-language/)
77. Shijie Wu and Mark Dredze. 2019. Beto, bentz, becas: The surprising cross-lingual effectiveness of BERT. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pages 833–844,… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Shijie+Wu+and+Mark+Dredze%2E+2019%2E+Beto%2C+bentz%2C+becas%3A+The+surprising+cross%2Dlingual+effectiveness+of+BERT%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+2019+Conference+on+Empirical+Methods+in+Natural+Language+Processing+and+t) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2019-beto-bentz-becas-surprising-cross/)
78. Mengzhou Xia, Antonios Anastasopoulos, Ruochen Xu, Yiming Yang, and Graham Neubig. 2020. Predicting performance for natural language processing tasks. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 8625– 8646, Online. Association for Computational L… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mengzhou+Xia%2C+Antonios+Anastasopoulos%2C+Ruochen+Xu%2C+Yiming+Yang%2C+and+Graham+Neubig%2E+2020%2E+Predicting+performance+for+natural+language+processing+tasks%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+58th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+)
79. Seid Muhie Yimam, Hizkiel Mitiku Alemayehu, Abinew Ayele, and Chris Biemann. 2020. Exploring Amharic sentiment analysis from social media texts: Building annotation tools and classification models. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 1048– 1060, Ba… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Seid+Muhie+Yimam%2C+Hizkiel+Mitiku+Alemayehu%2C+Abinew+Ayele%2C+and+Chris+Biemann%2E+2020%2E+Exploring+Amharic+sentiment+analysis+from+social+media+texts%3A+Building+annotation+tools+and+classification+models%2E+In)
80. Hailemariam Mehari Yohannes and Toshiyuki Amagasa. 2022. Named-entity recognition for a low-resource language using pre-trained language model. In Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC ’22, page 837–844, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hailemariam+Mehari+Yohannes+and+Toshiyuki+Amagasa%2E+2022%2E+Named%2Dentity+recognition+for+a+low%2Dresource+language+using+pre%2Dtrained+language+model%2E+In+Proceedings+of+the+37th+ACM%2FSIGAPP+Symposium+on+Appli)