---
title: "A Light Lexicon-based Mobile Application for Sentiment Mining of"
description: "The authors replace heavy morphological processing with a sentiment lexicon stored… 67% accuracy. 26 references, cited by 5 papers here."
authors: ["Gilbert Badaro", "Ramy Baly", "Rana Akel", "Linda Fayad", "Jeffrey Khairallah", "Hazem Hajj", "Khaled Shaban", "Wassim El-Hajj"]
year: 2015
venue: "Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/W15-3203/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/w15-3203"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/badaro-2015-light-lexicon-based-mobile-application/"
---
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# A Light Lexicon-based Mobile Application for Sentiment Mining of Arabic Tweets

**Authors:** [Gilbert Badaro](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/gilbert-badaro/), [Ramy Baly](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ramy-baly/), Rana Akel, Linda Fayad, Jeffrey Khairallah, [Hazem Hajj](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hazem-hajj/), [Khaled Shaban](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/khaled-shaban/) and [Wassim El-Hajj](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/wassim-el-hajj/) · **Year:** 2015 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/workshop-on-arabic-natural-language-processing/) ([Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing 2015](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/workshop-on-arabic-natural-language-processing/2015/)) · **Publisher:** [Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/association-for-computational-linguistics/) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/W15-3203/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/W15-3203.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/w15-3203](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-3203) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2250645093)

**Citations:** 27 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [5](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/badaro-2015-light-lexicon-based-mobile-application/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
The paper addresses sentiment analysis of Arabic tweets on a phone. Full Arabic NLP toolkits such as MADAMIRA cannot run on the device without a server, and server calls cost energy and response time. The authors replace heavy morphological processing with a sentiment lexicon stored locally. The lexicon is ArSenL, their own large-scale Standard Arabic resource. It was built by linking Arabic WordNet and AraMorph lemmas to English SentiWordNet, so each entry gets positive, negative and objective scores that add up to one.

To skip lemmatization, they derive a stemmed copy of ArSenL. The pipeline then tokenizes each tweet, cleans hashtags, stems words with Khoja's stemmer, and looks the stems up in the lexicon. The three score totals per tweet feed three balanced binary decision trees. Handcrafted rules merge the three outputs into positive, negative or neutral.

On a published Arabic tweet set, the full system reaches roughly 67% accuracy. The work shows that a cheap, interpretable, lexicon-driven method can deliver usable Arabic opinion mining on constrained hardware. It is released as a public app with visual topic summaries.

## Key points
- ArSenL combines English WordNet, Arabic WordNet, English SentiWordNet (ESWN) and AraMorph. Each lemma carries three scores (positive, negative, objective) summing to 1. It can be browsed at oma-project.com and downloaded for research.
- Words missing from the stemmed lexicon receive zero for all three scores. Summing scores per tweet beat averaging them in the authors' tests.
- Classifier accuracies:
  - positive/not positive: 61.2%
  - negative/not negative: 72.9%
  - objective/not objective: 67.8%
  - combined system: 67.3%
- The app takes a topic, pulls recent Arabic tweets, and colours each tweet by sentiment. It also shows frequent hashtags and a dated history of topic sentiment.
- Processing 20 tweets per request was too slow, so the app fetches batches of 10. Handling negation is left as future work.

## Interesting ideas
- When input normalization must stay cheap, the authors coarsen the lexicon to the same level (stems) instead of upgrading the input processing (lemmas), so lookup keys always agree.
- Hashtags are not thrown away: the marker is stripped and the underlying word is kept, because it often carries the opinion.
- Polarity scores attached to English synsets are carried over to another language through WordNet links, giving a large lexicon without new annotation.
- Rather than one three-way classifier, the authors train separate balanced yes/no detectors per label and resolve conflicts with explicit rules, which keeps each decision inspectable.
- The authors report accuracy per component as well as for the whole system, and test aggregation choices (sum vs average) explicitly.

## For Mova

How these ideas could serve Mova, our small open language model — its files, stages and tests:

- **I1** (tokens): keep a collapsed-key fallback index for lexicon lookups, used only when the lemmatizer is unsure, and log which key level produced the match.
- **I2** (tokens): the tokenizer can treat `#` and similar social markup as a removable wrapper and lemmatize and tag the inner word normally, keeping the original span for explanation.
- **I3** (world): values or evaluative properties attached to WordNet synsets can be propagated through synset IDs into the ontology and knowledge graph, keeping provenance per entry.
- **I4** (frames): detectors for irony, speech-act type or evaluative stance could be independent binary judgments over frames, with a logged rule step that explains the final label.
- **I5** (learn): evaluations can always report each sub-decision separately and record ablations of aggregation operators, so regressions point to a specific stage.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [American University of Beirut](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/american-university-of-beirut/) — University, Beirut, Lebanon · 34 works · 2,561 citations
- [Qatar University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/qatar-university/) — University, Doha, Qatar · 48 works · 1,026 citations

📚 Shelves (4): [🖥️ Computer Science](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · 16,667 works · [🤖 Artificial Intelligence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/) · 16,194 works · [🎭 Arts and Humanities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · 16,039 works · [🗣️ Language and Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · 15,891 works

🧭 Topics (2): [😊 Sentiment & emotion](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/sentiment-emotion/) · 972 works · [Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · 2,908 works

## Cite

Cite as: Gilbert Badaro, Ramy Baly, Rana Akel, Linda Fayad, Jeffrey Khairallah, Hazem Hajj, Khaled Shaban and Wassim El-Hajj. 2015. A Light Lexicon-based Mobile Application for Sentiment Mining of Arabic Tweets. Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{badaro2015light,
  title = {{A Light Lexicon-based Mobile Application for Sentiment Mining of Arabic Tweets}},
  author = {Gilbert Badaro, Ramy Baly, Rana Akel, Linda Fayad, Jeffrey Khairallah, Hazem Hajj, Khaled Shaban and Wassim El-Hajj},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Arabic Natural Language Processing},
  year = {2015},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/w15-3203},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w15-3203}
}
```

- [← previous Idioms-Proverbs Lexicon for Modern Standard Arabic and Colloquial Sentiment Analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ibrahim-2015-idioms-proverbs-lexicon-modern-standard/)
- [next → Converting an English-Swedish Parallel Treebank to Universal Dependencies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ahrenberg-2015-converting-english-swedish-parallel-treebank/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2015](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2015/page/3/)

## References

26 references, 10 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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*Updated 1 November 2026*