---
title: "The I’rab Method of Habib Hasan Baharun: Impact on Arabic Grammar Instruction — Baharun 2025"
description: "The authors ask two questions: how its design differs from conventional grammar teaching, and how it affects… 28 references, cited by 1 paper here."
authors: ["Segaf Baharun", "Muhamad Solehudin", "Masnun", "Syarif Muhammad Syaheed"]
year: 2025
venue: "Al-Muhawaroh 1"
source: "https://ejournal.uiidalwa.ac.id/index.php/almuhawaroh/article/view/2636"
doi: "10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2636"
licence: "CC BY-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Al-Muhawaroh)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/baharun-2025-irab-method-habib-hasan-baharun/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/baharun-2025-irab-method-habib-hasan-baharun/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2025](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2025/page/2/) / The I’rab Method of Habib Hasan Baharun: Impact on Arabic Grammar Instruction

# The I’rab Method of Habib Hasan Baharun: Impact on Arabic Grammar Instruction

**Authors:** Segaf Baharun, [Muhamad Solehudin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/muhamad-solehudin/), Masnun and Syarif Muhammad Syaheed · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** Al-Muhawaroh 1 · **Licence:** [CC BY-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Al-Muhawaroh)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2636) · [PDF](https://ejournal.uiidalwa.ac.id/index.php/almuhawaroh/article/download/2636/1041) · [DOI 10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2636](https://doi.org/10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2636) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4411327055)

**Citations:** 2 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · 1 in our library, of the 140,884 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Learners in Indonesian pesantren who are not native speakers of Arabic often struggle with i'rab, the system of case endings that marks each word's syntactic role. Classical nahwu manuals tend to rely on memorisation and abstract rule lists. This paper is a case study of Kitab I'rab, a textbook written by Habib Hasan Baharun, who established Pondok Pesantren Darullughah Wadda'wah (Dalwa). The authors ask two questions: how its design differs from conventional grammar teaching, and how it affects students' comprehension and engagement. They used a mainly qualitative design with some descriptive statistics, drawing on several sources:
- classroom observation with a structured sheet,
- interviews with Arabic teachers,
- analysis of student worksheets,
- a questionnaire given to 120 young learners.

They report that the book's design improves grammatical awareness, engagement and clarity. That design combines short definitions, a reduced set of categories, practice on real sentences and emotionally meaningful religious examples. The authors frame it as a constructivist, culturally grounded model that other institutions could adopt, while noting that their findings are tied to Dalwa.

## Key points
- The site is the Ibtidaiyyah level at Dalwa, chosen purposively. The sample was 120 students aged 11–13, each with at least one year of nahwu/i'rab study from the book. Four teachers were interviewed.
- Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Questionnaire data were summarised only as frequencies and percentages, with no inferential tests. The available text does not include the actual figures.
- Each lesson follows a fixed order: a brief ta'rīf (definition), then simplified labels such as ism marfū' and fi'l māḍī, then immediate use in standard Arabic sentences that are often conversational.
- The theoretical framing is constructivism together with pedagogical grammar theory.
- Related resources mentioned include the MASAQ morphologically and syntactically annotated Quran dataset (Sawalha et al., 2025) and computer-assisted i'raab tools (Mannaa et al., 2022).

## Interesting ideas
- Each grammar unit pairs a one-line definition and a deliberately small label set with practice on real sentences, so abstract categories always get grounded in usage.
- I'rab treats a word's ending as visible evidence of its role, so learners read function directly off morphology instead of memorising tables.
- The study reaches a single judgement by triangulating four independent evidence channels: observation, worksheets, interviews and self-report questionnaires.
- A structured observation sheet records recurring error patterns rather than only overall success.
- Example sentences come from texts the learners already value and know, which the authors argue lowers resistance and improves retention.

## For Mova

How these ideas could serve Mova, our small open language model — its files, stages and tests:

- **I1** (answer): Explanations of a parse given to students could follow the same three steps: a short definition of the relation, the label, and the student's own sentence as the worked example.
- **I2** (tokens): Mova could expose English's remaining case marking (I/me, who/whom, possessive 's) as explicit morphological features that feed role decisions, and cite them in the explanation trace.
- **I3** (learn): Evaluation could likewise combine automatic scores, error-sample inspection and teacher-tier judgements, and accept a change only when the channels agree.
- **I4** (learn): A fixed taxonomy of parser and frame errors, filled in on sampled outputs, could guide which self-induced repair rules are worth inducing.
- **I5** (answer): Comprehension tests built on familiar fables and tales may give cleaner signals about grammar handling, because unfamiliar content is less likely to confound the result.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [🐪 Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/)

## Institutions

- [Universitas Islam Internasional Darullughah Wadda'wah](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitas-islam-internasional-darullughah-wadda-wah/) — University, Pasuruan, Indonesia · 3 works · 7 citations

## Cite

Cite as: Segaf Baharun, Muhamad Solehudin, Masnun and Syarif Muhammad Syaheed. 2025. The I’rab Method of Habib Hasan Baharun: Impact on Arabic Grammar Instruction. Al-Muhawaroh 1.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{baharun2025i,
  title = {{The I’rab Method of Habib Hasan Baharun: Impact on Arabic Grammar Instruction}},
  author = {Segaf Baharun, Muhamad Solehudin, Masnun and Syarif Muhammad Syaheed},
  booktitle = {Al-Muhawaroh 1},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2636},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2636}
}
```

- [← previous Targeted Syntactic Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/koyama-2025-targeted-syntactic-evaluation-grammatical-error/)
- [next → Towards the Development of Balanced Synthetic Data for Correcting Grammatical Errors in Arabic: An Approach Based on Error Tagging Model and Synthetic Data Generating Model](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alrehili-2025-towards-development-balanced-synthetic-data/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2025](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2025/page/2/)

## References

28 references, 2 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Abaci, H. (2021). Arap Dilinde Kurbu’l-civa r Uygulamasının Kur’a n A yetlerine Yansımaları. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, 25(3), 1045–1064. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.980165 [↗](https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.980165)
2. Alhedayani, R. (2024). Subject-Verb Agreement in Arabic From a Sign-Based Construction Grammar Perspective: A Sentence Types View. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies. https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i2.510 [↗](https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v24i2.510)
3. Alkaabi, M. H., & Almaamari, A. S. (2025). Generative AI Implementation and Assessment in Arabic Language Teaching. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.368037 [↗](https://doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.368037)
4. Arisandi, Y., Fatah Mufadhil, A., & Nurhanifansyah, N. (2025). ةيبرعلا ةغللا سيردت ةقيرط تكست لا “ باتكلا مادختساب .” Kilmatuna: Journal Of Arabic Education, 5(1), 84–100. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Arisandi%2C+Y%2E%2C+Fatah+Mufadhil%2C+A%2E%2C+%26+Nurhanifansyah%2C+N%2E+%282025%29%2E+%D8%A9%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%A9%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA+%D8%A9%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B7+%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA+%D9%84%D8%A7+%E2%80%9C+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7+%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8+%2E%E2%80%9D+Kilmatuna%3A+Journal+Of+Arabic+Education%2C+5%281%29%2C+84%E2%80%93100%2E)
5. Baharun, S., & Hanifansyah, N. (2024). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Kitab Al-Af’al Al-Yaumiyyah pada Daurah Ramadhan di Pon Pes Dalwa. Shaut Al-Arabiyah, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/saa.v12i2.52825 [↗](https://doi.org/10.24252/saa.v12i2.52825)
6. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2020). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Creswell%2C+J%2E+W%2E%2C+%26+Creswell%2C+J%2E+D%2E+%282020%29%2E+Research+Design%3A+Qualitative%2C+Quantitative%2C+and+Mixed+Methods+Approaches%2E+SAGE+Publications%2E)
7. Elhija, D. A., Tallas-Mahajna, N., & Asli-Badarneh, A. (2022). Representation of Arabic Narratives in Digital Media—A Case Study. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies. https://doi.org/10.59045/nalans.2023.4 Eltahir, Mohd. [↗](https://doi.org/10.59045/nalans.2023.4)
8. E., Alsalhi, N. R., Al-Qatawneh, S., AlQudah, H. A., & Jaradat, M. (2021). The impact of game-based learning (GBL) on students’ motivation, engagement and academic performance on an Arabic language grammar course in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 26(3), 3251–3278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10396-w Guimara es, L. M., & Lima, R. D. S. (2021). A systematic literature review of classroom observation protocols and their adequacy for engineering education in active learning environments. European Journal of Engineering Education, 46(6), 908–930. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2021.1937946 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10396-w)
9. Hamdi, S. A., & Alawi, T. S. (2024). Fundamental issuesIn the book Al-Bustan in the parsing of the problems of the Qur’an by Ibn Al-Ahnaf Al-Yemeni (d. 717 AH). Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.5540 [↗](https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.5540)
10. Hamidah, H., Rahmah, Y., Hasanah, U., Selvianor, S., & Ajahari, A. (2024). Developing Arabic Grammar Materials Based on Contextual Learning at Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia. Al-Ta’rib : Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Palangka Raya, 12(1), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v12i1.8292 [↗](https://doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v12i1.8292) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hamidah-2024-developing-arabic-grammar-materials-based/)
11. Hanifansyah, N., & Mahmudah, M. (2025). Strategi Efektif Simplifikasi Nahwu dalam Percakapan Arab pada Kelas Intensif Daurah Ramadhan. Journal of Arabic Education, Linguistics, and Literature Studies, 3(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.51214/jicalls.v3i1.1345 [↗](https://doi.org/10.51214/jicalls.v3i1.1345)
12. Liu, S. (2022). The Implication of Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis on College Students’ Listening Learning. Learning & Education, 10(8), 163. https://doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i8.3105 [↗](https://doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i8.3105)
13. Lovell, O., & Sherrington, T. (2020). Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory in Action. Hodder Education. [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=qgOiEAAAQBAJ](https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=qgOiEAAAQBAJ) [↗](https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=qgOiEAAAQBAJ)
14. Mahmudah, M. (2025). Enhancing Arabic Vocabulary with Hilyah Book. Al-Muhawaroh: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2427 [↗](https://doi.org/10.38073/almuhawaroh.v1i1.2427)
15. Mahmudah, M., & Hanifansyah, N. (2024). Implementation of the Jigsaw Learning Method for Maharah Qiro’ah Learning at MA As-Sholach, Kejeran Boyeman, Gondangwetan, Pasuruan. Lughawiyah: Journal of Arabic Education and Linguistics, Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, Indonesia, Vol 6(No 2), 165–184. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/lughawiyah.v6i2.13456 [↗](https://doi.org/10.31958/lughawiyah.v6i2.13456)
16. Mahmudah, M., Maghfiroh, L., Hanifansyah, N., & Syakur, S. A. (2025). Enhancing Arabic Rhetoric Education through Mind Mapping: A Focus on Bayan & Badi’. Lughawiyyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 8(1), 32–55. https://doi.org/10.38073/lughawiyyat.v8i1.2208 Mahmudah, M., Nurhanifansyah, N., & Khalid, S. M. S. bin. (2024). Psycholinguistic Approaches to Enhancing Arabic Speaking Proficiency through Comic Strips. Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab, 8(2), 804–826. https://doi.org/10.29240/jba.v8i2.11349 [↗](https://doi.org/10.38073/lughawiyyat.v8i1.2208)
17. Mannaa, Z. M., Azmi, A. M., & Aboalsamh, H. A. (2022). Computer-assisted i‘raab of Arabic sentences for teaching grammar to students. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 34(10), 8909–8926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.08.020 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.08.020)
18. Masnun, Segaf Baharun, & Sultan Abdus Syakur. (2025). Interactive Whiteboard as a Medium for Nahwu Learning: Bridging Technology and Arabic Grammar Education. International Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, 7(01), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.32332/ijalt.v7i01.9977 [↗](https://doi.org/10.32332/ijalt.v7i01.9977)
19. Mayer, R. E. (2024). The Past, Present, and Future of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. Educational Psychology Review, 36(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09842-1 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09842-1)
20. Moukrim, C., Tragha, A., Benlahmar, E. H., & Tarik, A. (2021). An Innovative Approach to Autocorrecting Grammatical Errors in Arabic Texts. Journal of King Saud University -Computer and Information Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.02.005 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.02.005)
21. Muhamad Solehudin, Nurhanifansyah, N., & Syaheed Kholid. (2024). The Effectiveness of using the Kitab Muhawarah in Enhancing Arabic Speaking Proficiency in Malaysia. An Nabighoh, 26(2), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v26i2.251-268 [↗](https://doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v26i2.251-268)
22. Nur Hanifansyah, Mahmudah, M., & Syakur, S. A. (2024). Peer Tutoring as a Collaborative Approach in Arabic Language Learning. Lahjatuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 4(1), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.38073/lahjatuna.v4i1.2181 [↗](https://doi.org/10.38073/lahjatuna.v4i1.2181)
23. Ritonga, M., Widodo, H., Munirah, M., & Nurdianto, T. (2021). Arabic language learning reconstruction as a response to strengthen Al-Islam studies at higher education. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 10(1), 355. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20747 [↗](https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20747)
24. Sartori, M., & Binaghi, F. (2022). The Foundations of Arab Linguistics V: Kita b Sı bawayhi, The Critical Theory. BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004515895 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004515895)
25. Sawalha, M., Al-Shargi, F., Yagi, S., AlShdaifat, A. T., Hammo, B., Belajeed, M., & Al-Ogaili, L. R. (2025). Morphologically-analyzed and syntactically-annotated Quran dataset. Data in Brief, 58, 111211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111211 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111211)
26. Selim, N. (2023). Adolescent Non-Arab Muslims Learning Arabic in Australian Islamic Schools: Expectations, Experiences, and Implications. Religions. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010071 [↗](https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010071)
27. Solehudin, M., & Arisandi, Y. (2024). Language Interference in Arabic Learning: A Case Study of Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia. Al-Ta’rib : Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Palangka Raya, 12(2), 423–438. https://doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v12i2.9170 [↗](https://doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v12i2.9170)
28. Solehudin, M., & Hanifansyah, N. (2024). Pedagogical Insights from Al-Mawahib Al-Rabbaniyah: Enhancing Arabic Grammar Learning through the Nazm of Al-Ajrumiyyah. اــنـناـــسل (LISANUNA): Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Arab Dan Pembelajarannya, 14(2), 165. https://doi.org/10.22373/ls.v14i2.26656 [↗](https://doi.org/10.22373/ls.v14i2.26656) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/solehudin-2024-pedagogical-insights-al-mawahib-al/)