--- title: "Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic — Dukes 2010" description: "The Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank is part of the Quranic Arabic Corpus. All 77,430 words have manually verified morphology; 11,000 words (about 14%)…" authors: ["Kais Dukes", "Eric Atwell", "Abdul-Baquee M. Sharaf"] year: 2010 venue: "Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)" source: "https://aclanthology.org/L10-1192/" doi: "10.63317/5ca39mfekwbt" licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2010](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2010/) / Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank # Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank **Authors:** [Kais Dukes](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kais-dukes/); [Eric Atwell](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/eric-atwell/); Abdul-Baquee M. Sharaf · **Year:** 2010 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10) **Link:** [aclanthology.org/L10-1192](https://aclanthology.org/L10-1192/) · library `bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic` · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) (ACL Anthology, before 2016) — summary only [**39** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W48549471) OpenAlex · 2026-10-14 · [**9** citations in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic/cited-by/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read · [Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)](https://aclanthology.org/volumes/L10-1/) · [licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) - [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/L10-1192/) - [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/L10-1192.pdf) - [DOI 10.63317/5ca39mfekwbt](https://doi.org/10.63317/5ca39mfekwbt) - [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W48549471) **Authors (3)** 1. [Kais Dukes](https://openalex.org/A5021627574) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/1951216) · h 8 · 401 citations · 21 works 2. [Eric Atwell](https://openalex.org/A5074817028) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-3764) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/144214753) · h 30 · 4471 citations · 418 works 3. [Abdul-Baquee M. Sharaf](https://openalex.org/A5109060270) [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/2739994) · h 6 · 220 citations · 7 works Citations and author metrics: OpenAlex, 2026-10-14; authors with the same name are not always told apart. ## What it is about The Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank is part of the Quranic Arabic Corpus. All 77,430 words have manually verified morphology; 11,000 words (about 14%) have syntax, annotated by one part-time expert in three months. The trees follow the traditional i'rab grammar: dependency edges run between morphological segments, and non-terminal nodes stand for phrases and clauses. A rule-based parser (F-measure 78%) gives the first analysis, an expert checks it against published Quranic grammars, and an online community proposes corrections that are reviewed against guidelines the authors keep extending. The guidelines state several rules: every verb has a subject, explicit or as a hidden node; passive verbs get a passive-subject node; pro-drop pronouns become hidden nodes; a prepositional phrase must link to a head, most often the preceding verb; and the same construction should get the same analysis every time. ## Ideas - I1. A hidden subject node. Every finite verb in the `tools/hbo` or `gparse` output must have a subject, explicit or added as an empty node that carries person, gender and number from the verb form. This matters for Hebrew pro-drop verbs. Test: count verbs without a subject before and after the step, on `treebanks/hbo/ptnk`. - I2. A rule for prepositional phrases: a PP must have a head, with the preceding verb as the default. Write it into [languages/hbo/08-syntax.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/08-syntax/) and check it with `macula compare`. - I3. A guideline log. Each ruling gets an id and a gold example, and the parser is checked against all rulings on every run. "Same construction, same analysis" becomes a test. ## For Mova I1 is a post-step in `tools/hbo` or `gparse` and a test on `treebanks/hbo/ptnk`. I2 is a rule in [languages/hbo/08-syntax.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/08-syntax/). I3 is a test file under `languages/hbo/` that lists the rulings. Topics: [Treebanks](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/treebanks/) ## Cite The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.63317/5ca39mfekwbt](https://doi.org/10.63317/5ca39mfekwbt) ```bibtex @inproceedings{dukes2010syntactic, title = {{Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank}}, author = {Dukes, Kais and Atwell, Eric and Sharaf, Abdul-Baquee M.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)}, year = {2010}, doi = {10.63317/5ca39mfekwbt}, url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/5ca39mfekwbt} } ``` - [← previous Supervised Noun Phrase Coreference Research: The First Fifteen Years](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ng-2010-supervised-noun-phrase-coreference-research/) - [next → TAGME: On-the-fly Annotation of Short Text Fragments (by Wikipedia Entities)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ferragina-2010-tagme-fly-annotation-short/) - [↑ back to papers of 2010](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2010/) ## References 25 references, 2 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. 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