---
title: "Sentence Fusion for Multidocument News — Barzilay 2005"
description: "Most multidocument news summarizers handle a cluster of similar sentences by extracting one of them."
authors: ["Regina Barzilay", "Kathleen R. McKeown"]
year: 2005
venue: "Computational Linguistics"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/J05-3002/"
doi: "10.1162/089120105774321091"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/barzilay-2005-sentence-fusion-multidocument-news-summarization/"
---
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# Sentence Fusion for Multidocument News Summarization

**Authors:** [Regina Barzilay](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/regina-barzilay/), [Kathleen R. McKeown](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/kathleen-r-mckeown/) · **Year:** 2005 · **Venue:** Computational Linguistics · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/J05-3002/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/J05-3002.pdf) · [DOI 10.1162/089120105774321091](https://doi.org/10.1162/089120105774321091) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2012561700)

**Citations:** 429 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [119](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140884 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Most multidocument news summarizers handle a cluster of similar sentences by extracting one of them. That sentence often carries details specific to its source article, which introduces bias and hurts fluency. Barzilay and McKeown propose sentence fusion, a text-to-text generation technique that writes a new sentence expressing only the content shared by most sentences in a group. The input is a theme, meaning a cluster of related sentences from different articles. The method parses these sentences into dependency trees and aligns them bottom-up with local multisequence alignment, using identical words and paraphrase/synonymy matches as anchors. The aligned fragments are merged into a fusion lattice, and a language model ranks candidate verbalizations to linearize the lattice into one sentence. The technique runs inside MultiGen, the summarizer behind Columbia's Newsblaster news browsing service. In the authors' evaluation, fusion selected content better than extraction. The work matters because it moves summarization from extracts toward true abstracts that synthesize information across sources, without requiring domain-specific semantic input.

## Key points
- **Theme construction.** MultiGen's analysis module, Simfinder, groups sentences into themes. It uses a log-linear model over features such as WordNet synsets and subject–verb/verb–object dependencies. Human judges measured its performance at 49.3% precision and 52.9% recall, and these errors can feed unrelated sentences into fusion.
- **Theme selection and ordering.** Themes are ranked by summing separate ranks for theme size, intra-theme similarity, and lexical-chain salience. Selected themes are then grouped into topical blocks and ordered chronologically by their earliest publication time.
- **Tree alignment.** The algorithm scores edges by dependency type (subject-verb, object-verb) and nodes by identity, synonymy, or word overlap for flattened noun phrases. Memoization keeps the search efficient.
- **Deployment.** Newsblaster collects articles from 30 news sites every day. MultiGen summarizes same-event clusters, while a second summarizer, DEMS, covers heterogeneous article sets.
- **Limitations and future work.** Each sentence is generated in isolation, so the system repeats full named-entity descriptions instead of using shorter references. The authors suggest syntax-based language models and a probabilistic text-level coherence model for choosing among paraphrases.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Natural language processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/)

## Cited by

Cited by

119 papers of our library cite it (of the 140884 whose bibliographies we read); 5 of them have a page here, 114 not yet.

- [A Survey of Paraphrasing and Textual Entailment Methods](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/androutsopoulos-2009-survey-paraphrasing-textual-entailment-methods/)
- [Neural Net Models of Open-domain Discourse Coherence](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2017-neural-net-models-open-domain/)
- [Hierarchical Transformers for Multi-Document Summarization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2019-hierarchical-transformers-multi-document-summarization/)
- [Generating Phrasal and Sentential Paraphrases: A Survey of Data-Driven Methods](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/madnani-2010-generating-phrasal-sentential-paraphrases-survey/)
- [Text Simplification using Typed Dependencies: A Comparision of the Robustness of Different Generation Strategies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/siddharthan-2011-text-simplification-typed-dependencies-comparision/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@article{barzilay2005sentence,
  title = {{Sentence Fusion for Multidocument News Summarization}},
  author = {Barzilay, Regina and McKeown, Kathleen R.},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2005},
  doi = {10.1162/089120105774321091},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/089120105774321091}
}
```

- [← previous SEM-I Rational MT: Enriching Deep Grammars with a Semantic Interface for Scalable Machine Translation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/flickinger-2005-sem-i-rational-mt-enriching/)
- [next → Supersense Tagging of Unknown Nouns using Semantic Similarity](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2005-curran-supersense-tagging-unknown-nouns-semantic/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2005](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2005/)

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