---
title: "Extending BART to Provide a Coreference — Broscheit 2010"
description: "Supervised coreference resolution has mostly been developed for English."
authors: ["Samuel Broscheit", "Simone Paolo Ponzetto", "Yannick Versley", "Massimo Poesio"]
year: 2010
venue: "Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/L10-1347/"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/broscheit-2010-extending-bart-provide-coreference-resolution/"
---
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# Extending BART to Provide a Coreference Resolution System for German

**Authors:** [Samuel Broscheit](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/samuel-broscheit/), [Simone Paolo Ponzetto](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/simone-paolo-ponzetto/), [Yannick Versley](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yannick-versley/), [Massimo Poesio](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/massimo-poesio/) · **Year:** 2010 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/L10-1347/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/L10-1347.pdf) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W1485446140)

**Citations:** 10 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [5](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Supervised coreference resolution has mostly been developed for English. Several strong German systems exist, but none was publicly released, which makes it hard for others to start research on German. The authors address this by adapting the modular BART toolkit to German. They convert version 4 of the TüBa-D/Z treebank into MMAX2 standoff XML and derive markables from the gold parse trees. Predicative NPs, appositions, name-part modifiers, and non-referential *es* are filtered out. Number, gender, and semantic class are assigned using GermaNet, gazetteers, and morphological heuristics.

The baseline follows the pairwise classification and closest-first clustering scheme of Soon et al. (2001), with features modelled on Klenner and Ailloud (2009). The authors then add new features, including speaker person, quoted speech, tree distance, partial head match, and GermaNet relatedness.

MaxEnt outperforms J48, and training separate classifiers for pronouns and non-pronouns helps further. The full system does not reach Klenner and Ailloud's scores, but it shows that machine-learned coreference can be ported robustly beyond English. It also provides a freely available starting point for German.

## Key points
- **Data:** TüBa-D/Z v4 contains 32,945 sentences, from which the authors extract 144,942 markables, 52,386 coreferential links, and 14,073 coreference sets.
- **Evaluation setup:**
  - Metrics are MUC and CEAF, computed on true (gold) mentions only.
  - The first 1100 documents are evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation, and the remaining documents serve as the development set.
- **Learners:** The system is tested with WEKA's J48 (C4.5) and MaxEnt with feature combination. MaxEnt with a "split" pronoun/non-pronoun architecture gives the best results.
- **Feature contributions:**
  - Used alone, only PARTIAL MATCH helps clearly (+1.4 MUC F1, +1.3 CEAF F1).
  - Combining all new features gives +2.1 MUC F1 and +3.3 CEAF F1.
  - GermaNet relatedness is computed with the Pathfinder library using the Wu & Palmer measure.
- **Gap to prior work:** The system remains below Klenner and Ailloud (2009). The authors attribute this to closest-first clustering instead of aggressive merging and to a limited instance window.
- **Availability:** BART is released at bart-anaphora.org, with ports to Italian and Spanish and an end-to-end preprocessing pipeline planned.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Coreference resolution](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/coreference-resolution/)

## Cited by

Cited by

5 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 3 of them have a page here, 2 not yet.

- [BART: A Multilingual Anaphora Resolution System](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/broscheit-2010-bart-multilingual-anaphora-resolution-system/)
- [ParCor 1.0: A Parallel Pronoun-Coreference Corpus to Support Statistical MT](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/guillou-2014-parcor-1-0-parallel-pronoun/)
- [IMS HotCoref DE: A Data-driven Co-reference Resolver for German](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/roesiger-2016-ims-hotcoref-de-data-driven/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{broscheit2010extending,
  title = {{Extending BART to Provide a Coreference Resolution System for German}},
  author = {Broscheit, Samuel and Ponzetto, Simone Paolo and Versley, Yannick and Poesio, Massimo},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)},
  year = {2010},
  doi = {10.63317/2o32xdc2fiyt},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63317/2o32xdc2fiyt}
}
```

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