---
title: "The Ethiopic Homily on Holy Easter attributed — Butts 2024"
description: "Standard reference tools for Ethiopian studies, chiefly the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica and the Beta maṣāḥǝft database that follows it, describe a Homily on…"
authors: ["Aaron Michael Butts", "Ted Erho"]
year: 2024
venue: "Aethiopica 26"
source: "https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/2163"
doi: "10.15460/aethiopica.26.2163"
licence: "CC BY-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Aethiopica)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/butts-2024-ethiopic-homily-holy-easter-attributed/"
---
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# The Ethiopic Homily on Holy Easter attributed to John Theologos and its Arabic Vorlage (CPG 4163.2)

**Authors:** [Aaron Michael Butts](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aaron-michael-butts/), [Ted Erho](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ted-erho/) · **Year:** 2024 · **Venue:** Aethiopica 26 · **Licence:** [CC BY-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Aethiopica)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.26.2163) · [PDF](https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/download/2163/2039) · [DOI 10.15460/aethiopica.26.2163](https://doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.26.2163) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4396686790)

**Citations:** 0 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14)

## Summary
Standard reference tools for Ethiopian studies, chiefly the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica and the Beta maṣāḥǝft database that follows it, describe a Homily on Holy Easter (CAe 1265) from the medieval Homiliary of the Fathers as a work by Gregory of Nazianzus. They also equate it with one of his Easter Orations (CPG 3010). Butts and Erho show that both claims are false. Their survey of the Ethiopic manuscripts finds five different author labels, none of which names Gregory, and they argue that the oldest recoverable one is John Theologos. The link to Gregory began when Wright's catalogue supplied a bracketed "Gregory" before the bare epithet Theologos, and later scholars repeated it. A direct reading against the Greek orations shows no relationship at all. The homily is instead an Ethiopic rendering of an Arabic homily, CPG 4163.2, which survives in two Arabic manuscripts: one credits Ephrem and the other is anonymous. The authors draw a methodological lesson. Translated texts should be matched to their sources by comparing the texts themselves, never by author name and subject alone.

## Key points
- The authors catalogue five Ethiopic attributions:
  - John Theologos, found in MS Ethio-SPaRe UM-50, the earliest witness (13th century);
  - Theologos, with letters transposed, in BL Or. 774;
  - Theophilos, in EMML 8367, which a colophon dates to 1406/7;
  - John Chrysostom Theophilos, in EMDA 338;
  - John Chrysostom, in AP-005.
- The proposed decay chain runs from John Theologos to Theologos and then, by corruption, to Theophilos. The Chrysostom forms were probably helped by the preceding text in the homiliary (CAe 2120), whose rubric opens the same way and names Chrysostom.
- The Homiliary of the Fathers survives in roughly twenty accessible manuscripts. The Encyclopaedia's "Orient. 775" is shown to be a typo for Or. 774.
- Apart from excerpts, the only Gregory oration preserved in Ethiopic is Oration 38, In Nativitatem (CAe 1184), which is transmitted in the Bärbara collection.
- The homily opens with Ephesians 5:14 and quotes a passage attributed to Jacob of Serugh. Its Vorlage is CPG 4163.2 in Arabic.

## Interesting ideas
- An identification built only on metadata (a shared epithet plus a matching topic) proved wrong once the actual contents were compared, so a match should require evidence from the content itself. — For Mova (world): when linking a mention to a Wikidata or WordNet entity, require agreement in context or frames, not just a matching surface name or title.
- The variant author names were ordered into a plausible chain of corruption: truncation, letter transposition, and contamination from a neighbouring rubric. Explaining how variants arose is more informative than simply listing them. — For Mova (frames): coreference of name variants could carry an explicit "derivation path" (abbreviation, typo, borrowing from nearby text) as part of an explainable link.
- One cataloguer's bracketed guess was copied by an encyclopedia and then by a database, so three sources agreed without being independent. — For Mova (learn): when silver labels are agreed by several witness parsers or LLM tiers, check whether those witnesses share a common origin before counting their agreement as confirmation.
- Ellipses in the encyclopedia entry dropped exactly the manuscript attributions that would have exposed the error, which shows how lossy summarising can hide counter-evidence. — For Mova (answer): explanations attached to answers should keep the source spans that bear on the decision, and especially those that contradict it.
- The authors call for systematically linking every translated text to its source-language original, rather than handling cases one at a time. — For Mova (back): translation through the meta-world could store explicit source–target alignments as first-class records, so every generated or translated text can be traced back to its origin.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{butts2024ethiopic,
  title = {{The Ethiopic Homily on Holy Easter attributed to John Theologos and its Arabic Vorlage (CPG 4163.2)}},
  author = {Butts, Aaron Michael and Erho, Ted},
  booktitle = {Aethiopica 26},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.15460/aethiopica.26.2163},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.26.2163}
}
```

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