---
title: "An Ethiopic 'Homily on Peter' attributed to — Butts 2025"
description: "This philological study publishes a critical edition and English translation of an Ethiopic homily on Peter's denial of Christ, which the manuscript…"
authors: ["Aaron Michael Butts", "Ted Erho", "Jonas Karlsson"]
year: 2025
venue: "Aethiopica 27"
source: "https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/2309"
doi: "10.15460/aethiopica.27.2309"
licence: "CC BY-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Aethiopica)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/butts-2025-ethiopic-homily-peter-attributed-ephrem/"
---
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# An Ethiopic 'Homily on Peter' attributed to Ephrem

**Authors:** [Aaron Michael Butts](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aaron-michael-butts/), [Ted Erho](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ted-erho/), Jonas Karlsson · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** Aethiopica 27 · **Licence:** [CC BY-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Aethiopica)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.27.2309) · [PDF](https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/download/2309/2165) · [DOI 10.15460/aethiopica.27.2309](https://doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.27.2309) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4410521938)

**Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14)

## Summary
This philological study publishes a critical edition and English translation of an Ethiopic homily on Peter's denial of Christ, which the manuscript ascribes to Ephrem the Syrian. The Ethiopic text descends from an anonymous Syriac stanzaic poem (soḡiṯā). Brock recently edited this poem among works attributed to Jacob of Serugh, and Lamy edited a shorter form of it long ago.

The authors survey the Syriac manuscripts, whose attributions disagree, and conclude that the poem was anonymous and later credited to various poets. They also compare the poem's two recensions and place the Ethiopic version within them. Because Syriac texts reliably reached Ethiopic through Arabic, they infer a lost Arabic intermediary that probably also named Ephrem.

The Ethiopic version survives in a single fragmentary 14th-century witness. The authors propose a five-stage model for locating where each textual difference could have arisen. The paper shows that Ethiopic manuscripts are an undervalued source for recovering lost Christian Arabic literature.

## Key points
- The only Ethiopic copy is MS Ethio-SPaRe UM-046, fols 148v–151v. It was photographed among loose medieval leaves (membra disiecta) at ʿUrā Qirqos in Tigray. It was originally the 19th text in a Dərsāna Panṭaqwasṭe ("Homiliary for Pentecost") codex.
- The Syriac attributions conflict:
  - BL Add. 14,520 credits Ephrem.
  - BL Add. 17,190 (893) credits Jacob of Serugh.
  - BL Add. 14,506 and 14,501 give no author.
  - BnF Syr. 161 names Balai only in a margin note.
  - The first three stanzas also appear without attribution in the East Syriac Ḥudrā.
- Jacob is ruled out as author because he argued elsewhere against the poem's view that Christ's prediction made Peter's denial inevitable.
- The long recension (Brock) has 40 stanzas and the short one (Lamy) has 25. Of Lamy's stanzas, 22 also occur in the long form, while stanzas 22, 24 and 25 do not. The Ethiopic text sides with the long form, and in Stanza 37 it matches Add. 14,520 specifically.
- A note in MS Gunda Gunde GG 50 says the homiliary holds only seventeen homilies. This shows "On Peter" was an extra item, placed after Jacob's Ascension homily.

## Interesting ideas
- The authors split the transmission chain into five possible sites where a difference could arise: Syriac copying, Syriac→Arabic translation, Arabic copying, Arabic→Ethiopic translation, and Ethiopic copying. This replaces a vague "the texts differ" with a concrete hypothesis about which hop caused each change. — For Mova (back): When a round trip through the meta-world changes meaning, log every hop (parse, frames, world, generation) separately so each discrepancy can be traced to the step that introduced it.
- Two witnesses sharing a reading may share an inherited error (Leitfehler) or may each have independently kept the original. Agreement alone therefore says little about correctness. — For Mova (learn): When witness parsers agree on silver data, test whether they share training lineage or heuristics before treating their consensus as reliable.
- The case against Jacob rests on content: the poem asserts a position that the supposed author is known to have rejected. — For Mova (frames): Test claimed speaker or source attributions against the stances that entity holds elsewhere in the text, and flag contradictions as likely misattributions.
- A stated total (a colophon saying the book holds seventeen homilies) lets the authors separate core members of a collection from later insertions. — For Mova (world): Treat explicit count statements in a text as closed-set constraints, so extra items can be flagged as additions rather than silently merged into the set.
- The authors reject the idea that two traditions independently arrived at the same attribution, because such changes are extremely rare in the Ethiopic tradition. — For Mova (learn): Weigh competing explanations of a pipeline error by how often each error type actually occurs, measured against negative controls.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Hebrew & Aramaic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{butts2025ethiopic,
  title = {{An Ethiopic 'Homily on Peter' attributed to Ephrem}},
  author = {Butts, Aaron Michael and Erho, Ted and Karlsson, Jonas},
  booktitle = {Aethiopica 27},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.15460/aethiopica.27.2309},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.27.2309}
}
```

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24 references, 1 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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20. Tedros Abraha 2015. ‘Jacob of Serug in the Ethiopic Tradition under Review and New Clues about the Background of the Gǝʿǝz Anaphora Ascribed to Jacob of Serug’, in R. Zarzeczny, ed., Aethiopia fortitudo ejus: Studi in onore di Monsignor Osvaldo Raineri in occasione del suo 80° compleanno, Orientalia Christiana analecta, 298 (Roma: Pontificio Istituto orientale, 2015), 463–478. — 2019. ‘The Gǝʿǝz Version of Jacob of Serug’s Homily on the Annunciation: A Critical Edition and Translation’, Oriens Christianus, 102 (2019), 63–125. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Tedros+Abraha+2015%2E+%E2%80%98Jacob+of+Serug+in+the+Ethiopic+Tradition+under+Review+and+New+Clues+about+the+Background+of+the+G%C7%9D%CA%BF%C7%9Dz+Anaphora+Ascribed+to+Jacob+of+Serug%E2%80%99%2C+in+R%2E+Zarzeczny%2C+ed%2E%2C+Aethiopia+fortitu)
21. Uhlig, S. 1999. ‘Dǝrsan des Yaʿqob von Sǝrug für den vierten Sonntag im Monat Taḫśaś’, Aethiopica, 2 (1999), 7–52. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Uhlig%2C+S%2E+1999%2E+%E2%80%98D%C7%9Drsan+des+Ya%CA%BFqob+von+S%C7%9Drug+f%C3%BCr+den+vierten+Sonntag+im+Monat+Ta%E1%B8%AB%C5%9Ba%C5%9B%E2%80%99%2C+Aethiopica%2C+2+%281999%29%2C+7%E2%80%9352%2E)
22. Van Rompay, L. 1995. ‘La littérature exégétique syriaque et le rapprochement des traditions syrienne-occidentale et syrienne-orientale’, Parole de l’Orient, 20 (1995), 221–235. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Van+Rompay%2C+L%2E+1995%2E+%E2%80%98La+litt%C3%A9rature+ex%C3%A9g%C3%A9tique+syriaque+et+le+rapprochement+des+traditions+syrienne%2Doccidentale+et+syrienne%2Dorientale%E2%80%99%2C+Parole+de+l%E2%80%99Orient%2C+20+%281995%29%2C+221%E2%80%93235%2E)
23. Watt, J. W. 1978. Philoxenus of Mabbug: Fragments of the Commentary on Matthew and Luke, I: [Textus], II: [Versio], ed., tr., Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 392, 393; Scriptores Syri: 171, 172 (Louvain: Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1978). Wright, W. 1870–1872. Catalogue of Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum, Acquired since the Year 1838 (London: Longmans & Co.; London–Berlin: Asher & Co., 1870, 1871, 1872). [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Watt%2C+J%2E+W%2E+1978%2E+Philoxenus+of+Mabbug%3A+Fragments+of+the+Commentary+on+Matthew+and+Luke%2C+I%3A+%5BTextus%5D%2C+II%3A+%5BVersio%5D%2C+ed%2E%2C+tr%2E%2C+Corpus+Scriptorum+Christianorum+Orientalium%2C+392%2C+393%3B+Scriptores+Syri%3A+17)
24. Aethiopica 27 (2024) Miscellaneous Zotenberg, H. 1874. Catalogues des manuscrits syriaques et sabéens (mandaïtes) de la Bibliothèque nationale, Manuscrits orientaux (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1874). — 1877. Catalogue des manuscrits éthiopiens (gheez et amharique) de la Bibliothèque nationale, Manuscrits Orientaux (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1877). Summary An edition, with English translation, is provided of an Ethiopic ‘Homily on Peter’, attributed to Ephrem the Syrian (d.373), which is uniquely attested in MS Ethio-SPaRe UM-046, fols 148v– 151v. This Ethiopic homily ultimately goes back—undoubtedly via Arabic—to a Syriac stanzaic poem (soḡiṯā) recently edited by S. P. Brock. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Aethiopica+27+%282024%29+Miscellaneous+Zotenberg%2C+H%2E+1874%2E+Catalogues+des+manuscrits+syriaques+et+sab%C3%A9ens+%28manda%C3%AFtes%29+de+la+Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale%2C+Manuscrits+orientaux+%28Paris%3A+Imprimerie+nationale%2C+1874%29) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/butts-2025-ethiopic-homily-peter-attributed-ephrem/)