---
title: "HopeEDI: A Multilingual Hope Speech — Chakravarthi 2020"
description: "Most work on moderating social media targets harmful content (hate, abuse, offensive language) and removes it."
authors: ["Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi"]
year: 2020
venue: "Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Modeling of People's Opinions, Personality, and Emotion's in Social Media"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2020.peoples-1.5/"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chakravarthi-2020-hopeedi-multilingual-hope-speech-detection/"
---
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# HopeEDI: A Multilingual Hope Speech Detection Dataset for Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion

**Authors:** [Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/bharathi-raja-chakravarthi/) · **Year:** 2020 · **Venue:** Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Modeling of People's Opinions, Personality, and Emotion's in Social Media · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2020.peoples-1.5/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2020.peoples-1.5.pdf) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W3118477442)

**Citations:** 96 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [115](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140884 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Most work on moderating social media targets harmful content (hate, abuse, offensive language) and removes it. The author argues this can restrict free expression and carry dataset biases that hurt minorities. The paper instead proposes detecting and promoting *hope speech*: supportive, encouraging and inclusive comments, especially those related to equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) for groups such as LGBTIQ people, women in STEM, racial minorities and people with disabilities.

The resulting resource, HopeEDI, contains YouTube comments in English, code-switched Tamil and code-switched Malayalam. Each comment was manually labelled as hope speech, not hope speech, or other language, following detailed annotator guidelines. Agreement was measured with Krippendorff's alpha.

Baselines are classical sklearn classifiers on Tf-Idf features, evaluated with macro-averaged precision, recall and F1. All baselines perform modestly, mainly because the classes are imbalanced, so the task remains open.

The dataset matters because it is presented as the first public, multilingual hope speech corpus for EDI. It also covers two under-resourced, code-mixed languages.

## Key points
- HopeEDI sizes: 28,451 English, 20,198 Tamil and 10,705 Malayalam comments, all from YouTube.
- Labels are Hope Speech, Not-Hope Speech and Other language.
  - The Other language label is kept because the Tamil and Malayalam comments are code-mixed and often written in Latin script.
- The guidelines treat non-hope speech as distinct from hate speech: a neutral or sceptical remark can be non-hope without being hateful.
- Baselines use Tf-Idf features with these models:
  - Multinomial Naive Bayes (alpha = 0.7).
  - KNN, SVM, decision tree and logistic regression, tuned by grid search.
  - Models were trained on the train split, tuned on the dev split and scored on a held-out test split.
- Baseline results (macro F1):
  - SVM was weakest: 0.32 (English), 0.21 (Tamil), 0.28 (Malayalam).
  - Decision tree was best for English (0.46) and Malayalam (0.56).
  - Logistic regression was best for Tamil (0.55).
  - The English test set is heavily skewed: 250 hope vs. 2,593 non-hope comments.

## Interesting ideas
- **Detect the positive class instead of only filtering the negative one.** Surfacing supportive content rather than deleting hostile content avoids some censorship concerns. This framing could inspire positive-content datasets for other communities or crisis contexts.
- **Write the label definition as a checklist of concrete conditions with short examples.** Examples include peace-seeking statements, survival stories and calls for fairness. Spelling the category out this way makes a fuzzy concept like "hope" annotatable and is a good template for any subjective labelling task.
- **Explicitly separate "not positive" from "hateful".** The guidelines give examples of neutral non-hope comments. This prevents annotators and models from collapsing the task into a sentiment or toxicity proxy, a useful safeguard for any opposite-of-toxicity classifier.
- **Keep an "Other language" label for code-mixed, non-native-script data.** Automatic language identification alone was not enough here, so annotators flagged leftover off-target comments. Any corpus of transliterated or mixed-language social media text could benefit from the same option.
- **Report macro-averaged and per-class scores alongside weighted ones.** On imbalanced data, accuracy and weighted scores hide failures on the minority class. For example, SVM looks acceptable on weighted metrics but never predicts hope speech, which only per-class reporting exposes.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Natural language processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/)

## Cited by

Cited by

115 papers of our library cite it (of the 140884 whose bibliographies we read); 2 of them have a page here, 113 not yet.

- [Findings of the Shared Task on Hope Speech Detection for Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chakravarthi-2021-findings-shared-task-hope-speech/)
- [Towards Expectation Detection in Language: A Case Study on Treatment Expectations in Reddit](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/velutharambath-2026-expectation-detection-language-case-study/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{chakravarthi2020hopeedi,
  title = {{HopeEDI: A Multilingual Hope Speech Detection Dataset for Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion}},
  author = {Chakravarthi, Bharathi Raja},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Modeling of People's Opinions, Personality, and Emotion's in Social Media},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/2020.peoples-1.5/}
}
```

- [← previous Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Extractive Document Summarization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wang-2020-heterogeneous-graph-neural-networks-extractive/)
- [next → HoVer: A Dataset for Many-Hop Fact Extraction And Claim Verification](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jiang-2020-hover-dataset-many-hop-fact/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2020](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2020/page/3/)

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