---
title: "UniGeo — paper by Chen et al. (2022) — summary and ideas"
description: "Neural geometry solvers usually handle numerical calculation and formal proving as… 60.9% accuracy. 42 references, cited by 62 papers here."
authors: ["Jiaqi Chen", "Tong Li", "Jinghui Qin", "Pan Lu", "Liang Lin", "Chongyu Chen", "Xiaodan Liang"]
year: 2022
venue: "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.218/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.218"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chen-2022-unigeo-unifying-geometry-logical-reasoning/"
---
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# UniGeo: Unifying Geometry Logical Reasoning via Reformulating Mathematical Expression

**Authors:** [Jiaqi Chen](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jiaqi-chen/), Tong Li, [Jinghui Qin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jinghui-qin/), [Pan Lu](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/pan-lu/), [Liang Lin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/liang-lin/), Chongyu Chen and [Xiaodan Liang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/xiaodan-liang/) · **Year:** 2022 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/) ([EMNLP 2022](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/2022/)) · **Publisher:** [Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/association-for-computational-linguistics/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.218/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.218.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.218](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.218) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4385572852)

**Citations:** 49 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [62](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chen-2022-unigeo-unifying-geometry-logical-reasoning/cited-by/) in our library, of the 141,840 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Neural geometry solvers usually handle numerical calculation and formal proving as separate tasks, even though both rely on shared geometric knowledge. This paper addresses that split with UniGeo, a benchmark that merges the two problem types into one format. The authors take the 4,998 calculation problems from GeoQA and translate them from Chinese into English. They add 9,543 newly crawled proving problems from the IXL education site, each annotated with step-wise reasons and mathematical expressions. Each proof is rewritten as a token sequence that mirrors GeoQA's program sequences, so both tasks become sequence generation. They then train a single multi-task model, Geoformer, on both tasks. It is first pretrained with Mathematical Expression Pretraining (MEP), which predicts the expressions extracted from calculation solutions, together with MLM. The unified model beats task-specific baselines, including NGS, on both tasks using one set of weights. This suggests that joint training transfers reasoning skills between calculation and proving, for example knowledge of similar triangles.

## Key points
- **UniGeo composition:** 4,998 calculation problems plus 9,543 proving problems, split 6,675 / 1,421 / 1,447 for train, validation and test.
- **Proving problems:** they cover five sub-tasks (Parallel, Triangle, Quadrangle, Congruent, Similarity) and use 37 categories of proof-step reasons.
- **Unified training results:** Geoformer reaches 60.9% accuracy on calculation and 55.8% on proving, outperforming separately trained task-specific Geoformers.
- **Effect of pretraining:** with MLM + MEP, accuracy rises to 62.5% on calculation and 56.4% on proving. That is +5.6 and +3.2 points over NGS. MLM alone helps little, while MEP mainly improves calculation.
- **Resources and limitations:** data and code are released at github.com/chen-judge/UniGeo, with a MindSpore version also available. The authors note that accuracy is still far from practical use and that manual annotation limits problem variety and difficulty.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [University of California, Los Angeles](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-california-los-angeles/) — University, Los Angeles, United States · 54 works · 53,688 citations
- [University of Hong Kong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-hong-kong/) — University, Pok Fu Lam, China · 44 works · 10,936 citations
- [Sun Yat-sen University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/sun-yat-sen-university/) — University, Guangzhou, China · 23 works · 8,980 citations

Also on the byline: [Guangdong University of Technology](https://ror.org/04azbjn80).

📚 Shelves (5): [🖥️ Computer Science](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/) · 9,085 works · [👁️ Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computer-vision-and-pattern-recognition/) · 1,282 works · [➗ Mathematics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/) · 140 works · [🧮 Computational Theory and Mathematics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/computer-science/computational-theory-and-mathematics/) · 116 works · [➗ Applied Mathematics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/mathematics/applied-mathematics/) · 21 works

🧭 Topics (1): [🧮 Reasoning](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/reasoning/) · 510 works

## Cite

Cite as: Jiaqi Chen, Tong Li, Jinghui Qin, Pan Lu, Liang Lin, Chongyu Chen and Xiaodan Liang. 2022. UniGeo: Unifying Geometry Logical Reasoning via Reformulating Mathematical Expression. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{chen2022unigeo,
  title = {{UniGeo: Unifying Geometry Logical Reasoning via Reformulating Mathematical Expression}},
  author = {Jiaqi Chen, Tong Li, Jinghui Qin, Pan Lu, Liang Lin, Chongyu Chen and Xiaodan Liang},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.218},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.218}
}
```

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*Updated 24 October 2026*