---
title: "The Biblical Hebrew infinitive — Doron 2020"
description: "Doron argues that the infinitive absolute and infinitive construct are two allomorphs of one infinitive, and that this infinitive is a verb… 51 references."
authors: ["Edit Doron"]
year: 2020
venue: "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)"
source: "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749001"
doi: "10.5281/zenodo.4749001"
licence: "Open access; licence per OpenAlex only, not confirmed in the PDF or on the article page — read only (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research))"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/doron-2020-biblical-hebrew-infinitive/"
---
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# The Biblical Hebrew infinitive

**Authors:** Edit Doron · **Year:** 2020 · **Venue:** Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 12, 119–150 **Link:** [zenodo.org/records/4749002](https://zenodo.org/records/4749002) (DOI [10.1163/18776930-01201007](https://doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01201007)) · **Licence:** copyrighted — summary only (open access, licence not confirmed)

[**0** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4287779436) OpenAlex, 2026-10-14 · [Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)](https://openalex.org/S4306400562)

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**Authors (1)**

1. [Edit Doron](https://openalex.org/A5050992737) h 24 · 2,239 citations · 69 works

Citations and author metrics: OpenAlex, 2026-10-14; authors with the same name are not always told apart.

## What it is about

Doron argues that the infinitive absolute and infinitive construct are two allomorphs of one infinitive, and that this infinitive is a verb heading a clause, not a noun or verbal noun as both the medieval and European grammatical traditions held. The infinitive takes the same functional categories as finite verbs (Mood, Tense, a combined Aspect/Modality), and their combinations give three infinitival clauses beside the finite one: Nom-inf, the bare infinitive absolute as an irrealis root clause with imperative force ("Remember the Sabbath day", Exod 20:8); Poss-inf, an infinitive construct with a possessive subject suffix or noun, usually a temporal adverbial after בְּ/כְּ ("when we remembered Zion"); and PRO-inf, an infinitive with לְ and no overt subject, used for purpose or as complement of aspectual and modal verbs. Clitics follow from the features: finite verbs take subject and object clitics, PRO-inf takes object clitics only (לְהוֹצִיאָם), Poss-inf takes a subject suffix but its object must be a separate אֹתָם (בְּהוֹצִיאִי אֹתָם, not *בְּהוֹצִיאִים), Nom-inf takes neither. The infinitive assigns accusative case (אֵת), unlike nouns. In late Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew, event nouns replace Poss-inf (Kings לִמְלֹךְ שְׁלֹמֹה vs Chronicles with מַלְכוּת).

## Ideas

- I5. For chapter 12: count Poss-inf vs event nouns for the same notion in the Torah vs the Mishnah to show the replacement.

## For Mova

- I1. Tag each infinitive construct in the trees by Doron's type: subject suffix or following subject noun → Poss-inf (`advcl`, temporal when after בְּ/כְּ); לְ with no subject → PRO-inf (`xcomp` after aspectual/modal verbs, `advcl` purpose otherwise); bare infinitive absolute as clause head → Nom-inf (`root`, Mood=Imp-like). Count the three in the Torah.
- I2. A consistency check on the clitic rule: a suffix on a Poss-inf is the subject, so a following object must be אֵת + suffix; a suffix on a לְ-infinitive is the object. Use it to assign `nsubj` vs `obj` to infinitive suffixes deterministically and count violations.
- I3. Treat the infinitive as VERB with VerbForm=Inf and its arguments with clausal relations (`obj`, `nsubj`), not `nmod`, even when the subject is a suffix; check MACULA's conversion against this.
- I4. For `prag`: a clause-initial infinitive absolute with no finite verb (Exod 20:8 זָכוֹר, Deut 5:12 שָׁמוֹר) → form imperative, act command.

I1–I3 belong in [languages/hbo/06-verb.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/hbo/06-verb/) (infinitives) and `08-syntax.md` (infinitives), and in the head rules and FEATS of `tools/macula`, measured against PTNK. I4 is a candidate for the `infabs` rule in `tools/macula/src/prag.rs` (check whether the existing rule already covers it). I5 is a count for `11-mishnaic.md` and `12-biblical-mishnaic-modern.md`.

## Institutions

[🎓**Hebrew University of Jerusalem** Jerusalem · Israel 42 works · 8,354 citations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hebrew-university-of-jerusalem/)

Topics[Hebrew & Aramaic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/)

## Cite

Cite as Edit Doron. 2020. The Biblical Hebrew infinitive. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research).

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.5281/zenodo.4749001](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749001)

```bibtex
@inproceedings{doron2020biblical,
  title = {{The Biblical Hebrew infinitive}},
  author = {Edit Doron},
  booktitle = {Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4749001},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749001}
}
```

- [← previous Studies in Rabbinic Hebrew](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/heijmans-2020-studies-rabbinic-hebrew/)
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- [↑ back to papers of 2020](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2020/page/7/)

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