---
title: "CVAE-based Re-anchoring for Implicit Discourse — Dou 2021"
description: "Implicit discourse relation classification asks a model to label how two arguments relate when no connective signals it."
authors: ["Zujun Dou", "Yu Hong", "Yu Sun", "Guodong Zhou"]
year: 2021
venue: "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-emnlp.110/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.110"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/dou-2021-cvae-based-re-anchoring-implicit/"
---
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# CVAE-based Re-anchoring for Implicit Discourse Relation Classification

**Authors:** Zujun Dou, [Yu Hong](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yu-hong/), [Yu Sun](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yu-sun/), [Guodong Zhou](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/guodong-zhou/) · **Year:** 2021 · **Venue:** Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021 · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-emnlp.110/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-emnlp.110.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.110](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.110) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W3212542689)

**Citations:** 10 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14) · [6](#cited-by) in our library, of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Implicit discourse relation classification asks a model to label how two arguments relate when no connective signals it. Annotated data for this task is scarce. The authors place a VAE between a RoBERTa encoder and an MLP classifier. The VAE resamples latent variants of the argument-pair representation in every epoch, which should act as data augmentation. In practice, this setup performed worse than plain RoBERTa+MLP. The authors trace the drop to erroneous sampling: the VAE's sampling region can cross class boundaries, so some variants receive the wrong relation label.

To fix this, they use a Conditional VAE during training. It shifts the anchor of the sampling region toward a relation-type embedding, and an added risk term penalises variants that land nearer to other relations. Because gold labels are unavailable at test time, RoBERTa is trained to absorb this re-anchoring, and inference uses an ordinary VAE.

On PDTB v2.0, re-anchoring beats the RoBERTa baseline on every main relation class. Combined with transfer learning and interactive attention, the model achieves state-of-the-art 4-way results. This shows that augmentation from generative models must account for label-preserving sampling.

## Key points
- **Data split:** PDTB v2.0, with sections 02–20 for training, 00–01 for development and 21–22 for testing. Performance is reported as binary F1 for Comparison, Contingency, Expansion and Temporal, plus 4-way F1 and accuracy.
- **Plain VAE hurts:** adding a VAE lowered binary F1 on all four classes. For example, Comparison fell from 53.71 to 48.22 and Expansion from 75.90 to 70.07.
- **Re-anchoring helps:** CVAE re-anchoring raised the scores to 56.60 (COM), 62.60 (CON), 77.74 (EXP) and 37.13 (TEM). This roughly matches transfer learning, which relies on 18,459 external explicit argument pairs.
- **Risk term:** the risk loss combines mean-square divergences to the true and to competing relation embeddings, weighted by α = β = 0.5. It is added to the cross-entropy loss and back-propagated into RoBERTa.
- **Full model results:** the full model (re-anchoring + transfer learning + interactive attention) reaches 65.06 4-way F1 and 70.17 accuracy. This exceeds Liu et al. (2020), who reported 63.39 and 69.06.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Discourse analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/)

## Cited by

Cited by

6 papers of our library cite it (of the 140673 whose bibliographies we read); 3 of them have a page here, 3 not yet.

- [DiscoPrompt: Path Prediction Prompt Tuning for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/chan-2023-discoprompt-path-prediction-prompt-tuning/)
- [Facilitating Contrastive Learning of Discourse Relational Senses by Exploiting the Hierarchy of Sense Relations](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/long-2022-facilitating-contrastive-learning-discourse-relational/)
- [Infusing Hierarchical Guidance into Prompt Tuning: A Parameter-Efficient Framework for Multi-level Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zhao-2023-infusing-hierarchical-guidance-into-prompt/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{dou2021cvae,
  title = {{CVAE-based Re-anchoring for Implicit Discourse Relation Classification}},
  author = {Dou, Zujun and Hong, Yu and Sun, Yu and Zhou, Guodong},
  booktitle = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021},
  year = {2021},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.110},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.110}
}
```

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