---
title: "The Political Reform and the Amharic Biweekly — Gessese 2020"
description: "This study asks whether Ethiopia's 2018 political reform changed what the privately owned Amharic biweekly Reporter says in its editorials."
authors: ["Negesse Gessese"]
year: 2020
venue: "Romanian Journal of Communications and Public Relations 22"
source: "https://journalofcommunication.ro/index.php/journalofcommunication/article/view/285"
doi: "10.21018/rjcpr.2020.1.285"
licence: "CC BY-NC (journal licence per DOAJ; Romanian Journal of Communications and Public Relations)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/gessese-2020-political-reform-amharic-biweekly-reporter/"
---
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# The Political Reform and the Amharic Biweekly Reporter: The Editorial Contents of the Reporter Newspaper in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2019

**Authors:** Negesse Gessese · **Year:** 2020 · **Venue:** Romanian Journal of Communications and Public Relations 22 · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC (journal licence per DOAJ; Romanian Journal of Communications and Public Relations)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2020.1.285) · [PDF](https://journalofcommunication.ro/index.php/journalofcommunication/article/download/285/272) · [DOI 10.21018/rjcpr.2020.1.285](https://doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2020.1.285) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W3025023757)

**Citations:** 0 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14)

## Summary
This study asks whether Ethiopia's 2018 political reform changed what the privately owned Amharic biweekly *Reporter* says in its editorials. The paper is grounded in agenda-setting and framing theory. The author drew a purposive sample of 99 editorials from 2017–2019, with 57 from before the reform and 42 from after. These were coded with quantitative content analysis for topic, author, sources, criticism or praise of government, reforms mentioned, and frames. Each coded variable was then tested for a relationship with publication period.

Some features shifted with the reform: government critique, the attribution-of-responsibility frame, the human-interest frame and the economic frame. Others stayed stable: topic selection, sourcing, reforms mentioned, and the conflict and ideological frames. Qualitatively, post-reform editorials argue more even-handedly, use more human examples and preach less ideology. The author notes that the cause of these changes cannot be identified; candidates include economics, looser political control, social change or globalization. The work offers a baseline for tracking press freedom through the content of editorials.

## Key points
- The corpus is 99 *Reporter* editorials, split into Period 1 (57, before the reform) and Period 2 (42, after). Both the newspaper and the time span were chosen purposively.
- In both periods the most frequent topics were societal, government and party issues. Every editorial was written by a professional journalist.
- Before the reform, editorials contained more criticism of government and mentioned more reforms. After the reform, quotes from government officials rose, quotes from ordinary people fell, and anonymous sources became more common.
- The five proposed frames were attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences and morality. Responsibility, human interest and economic framing varied with period, while conflict and ideological framing did not.
- Limitations:
  - Only one newspaper was studied, so the effects of ownership and independence cannot be tested.
  - The reasons behind the observed shifts remain open.

## Interesting ideas
- Use a dated political event as a natural split point and test each coded feature separately against period, which separates features that moved from those that held steady. — For Mova (learn): Split evaluation texts by date or source and report which parser and frame statistics drift and which stay flat, with the stable ones acting as a built-in negative control.
- The responsibility frame asks two distinct questions about an issue: who caused it, and who is expected to fix it. — For Mova (frames): Add explicit "causer" and "expected resolver" slots to problem-describing frames, so that blame and duty become explainable roles rather than vague sentiment.
- Each quotation is coded by source type: government official, ordinary citizen, anonymous or foreign. — For Mova (world): Attach a provenance category to every claim entered into the text's world, so answers can state who asserted a fact and how authoritative or verifiable that speaker is.
- One rhetorical contrast is distinguished: declaring winners and losers versus laying out both sides to persuade. — For Mova (frames): Treat one-sided versus two-sided argumentation as a speech-act and stance feature on editorial or opinion texts, detectable from contrastive connectives and concession structures in the UD tree.
- The author reports measurable change while explicitly refusing to name its cause among several plausible drivers. — For Mova (answer): When answering "why" questions about trends in a text, have readers distinguish stated causes from mere co-occurrence and list the candidate explanations instead of picking one.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@article{gessese2020political,
  title = {{The Political Reform and the Amharic Biweekly Reporter: The Editorial Contents of the Reporter Newspaper in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2019}},
  author = {Gessese, Negesse},
  journal = {Romanian Journal of Communications and Public Relations 22},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.21018/rjcpr.2020.1.285},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2020.1.285}
}
```

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