---
title: "Robin: A multi-agent system for automating scientific discovery"
description: "The authors present Robin, a multi-agent system from FutureHouse. 68 references, cited by 13 papers here."
authors: ["Ali Essam Ghareeb; Benjamin Chang; Ludovico Mitchener; Angela Yiu; Caralyn J. Szostkiewicz; Jon M. Laurent; Muhammed T. Razzak; Andrew D. White; Michaela M. Hinks;", "Samuel G. Rodriques"]
year: 2025
venue: "arXiv:2505.13400"
source: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13400"
doi: "10.48550/arxiv.2505.13400"
arxiv: "2505.13400"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (arXiv)"
licence_url: "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ghareeb-2025-robin-multi-agent-system/"
---
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# Robin: A multi-agent system for automating scientific discovery

**Authors:** Ali Essam Ghareeb; Benjamin Chang; Ludovico Mitchener; Angela Yiu; Caralyn J. Szostkiewicz; Jon M. Laurent; Muhammed T. Razzak; Andrew D. White; Michaela M. Hinks; and [Samuel G. Rodriques](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/samuel-g-rodriques/) · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** arXiv:2505.13400 · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (arXiv)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13400) · [PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.13400) · [DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2505.13400](https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.13400) · [arXiv 2505.13400](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13400) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4417287919)

**Citations:** 9 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [13](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ghareeb-2025-robin-multi-agent-system/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
The authors present Robin, a multi-agent system from FutureHouse. It aims to close the full research loop: literature-based hypothesis generation, experiment proposal, data analysis and hypothesis revision, which prior AI-for-science tools had only handled in parts. Robin coordinates three language agents. Crow and Falcon, both built on PaperQA2, perform short and in-depth literature reviews, and Finch analyzes raw experimental data. Human researchers carry out the wet-lab work.

Given only a disease name, Robin proposes candidate disease mechanisms and matching in vitro assays. It ranks them with pairwise LLM-judge comparisons, then nominates drugs for testing. Applied to dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD), Robin chose an assay for retinal pigment epithelium phagocytosis. After a first round of experiments, it identified ripasudil, a ROCK inhibitor already in clinical use but not previously suggested for dAMD. Robin then designed and analyzed a follow-up RNA-seq experiment, which pointed to ABCA1 upregulation as a possible mechanism.

The work shows how LLM agents could speed up drug repurposing within a lab-in-the-loop workflow.

## Key points
- Architecture:
  - Crow handles concise literature search, and Falcon writes deep evaluation reports for each candidate; both use PaperQA2 with literature, clinical trials and the Open Targets Platform.
  - Finch analyzes the experimental data, here flow cytometry and RNA-seq.
- Pipeline: Robin first proposes 10 candidate causal mechanisms with corresponding assays, then generates 30 therapeutic candidates. Rankings come from an LLM judge making pairwise comparisons.
- Experimental setup:
  - ARPE-19 cells were exposed to pHrodo beads, and uptake was measured by flow cytometry.
  - Finch did the gating itself (flowMeans k-means clustering, singlet selection, DAPI-based dead-cell removal), and a human analyst ran a similar analysis for comparison.
- Findings: ripasudil emerged as the main candidate. RNA-seq of cells treated with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (analyzed with DESeq2) showed upregulation of the lipid efflux pump ABCA1.
- Availability: the authors state that all main-text hypotheses, plans, analyses and figures were produced by Robin. Code and sample trajectories are to be released at github.com/Future-House/robin.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

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## Cite

Cite as: Ali Essam Ghareeb; Benjamin Chang; Ludovico Mitchener; Angela Yiu; Caralyn J. Szostkiewicz; Jon M. Laurent; Muhammed T. Razzak; Andrew D. White; Michaela M. Hinks; and Samuel G. Rodriques. 2025. Robin: A multi-agent system for automating scientific discovery. arXiv:2505.13400.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@misc{hinks2025robin,
  title = {{Robin: A multi-agent system for automating scientific discovery}},
  author = {Ali Essam Ghareeb; Benjamin Chang; Ludovico Mitchener; Angela Yiu; Caralyn J. Szostkiewicz; Jon M. Laurent; Muhammed T. Razzak; Andrew D. White; Michaela M. Hinks; and Samuel G. Rodriques},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2505.13400},
  eprint = {2505.13400},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.13400}
}
```

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*Updated 3 November 2026*