---
title: "Interacting Dark Energy after DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation"
description: "The paper asks whether the new DESI BAO measurements support Interacting Dark Energy (IDE), in… 52 references, cited by 3 papers here."
authors: ["William Giare", "Miguel A. Sabogal", "Rafael C. Nunes", "Eleonora Di Valentino"]
year: 2024
venue: "arXiv:2404.15232"
source: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.15232"
doi: "10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003"
arxiv: "2404.15232"
licence: "arXiv — non-exclusive license to distribute"
licence_url: "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/giare-2024-interacting-dark-energy-after-desi/"
---
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# Interacting Dark Energy after DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements

**Authors:** William Giare, Miguel A. Sabogal, Rafael C. Nunes and Eleonora Di Valentino · **Year:** 2024 · **Venue:** [arXiv:2404.15232](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/physical-review-letters/) ([Physical Review Letters 2024](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/physical-review-letters/2024/)) · **Publisher:** [American Physical Society](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/american-physical-society/) · **Licence:** [arXiv — non-exclusive license to distribute](http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003) · [PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.15232) · [DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003) · [arXiv 2404.15232](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.15232) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4405526361)

**Citations:** 160 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · 3 in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
The paper asks whether the new DESI BAO measurements support Interacting Dark Energy (IDE), in which dark matter transfers energy-momentum to dark energy, and whether this coupling can ease the Hubble tension between Planck-based and SH0ES values of H0. The authors use an interaction kernel proportional to H·ξ·ρ_DE with ξ \< 0 and a nearly vacuum-like equation of state (w ≈ −1). They run MCMC fits with a modified CLASS code and the COBAYA sampler. The data combine Planck-2018 CMB (temperature, polarization and lensing), DESI BAO, Pantheon-plus supernovae calibrated with SH0ES Cepheids, and cosmic chronometer H(z) data. With Planck-2018+DESI, a nonzero coupling is preferred above 95% CL, and H0 rises to about 70.8 km/s/Mpc, within roughly 1.3σ of SH0ES. This preference holds when supernovae and chronometers are added. IDE fits the data at least as well as ΛCDM. The main caveat is that IDE gives low Ωm and high σ8, which may conflict with large-scale-structure data.

## Key points
- With Planck-2018+DESI, the coupling is ξ = −0.32 (+0.18/−0.14) and H0 = 70.8 (+1.4/−1.7) km/s/Mpc. Adding Pantheon-plus SN gives ξ = −0.186 ± 0.068 and H0 = 69.87 ± 0.60 km/s/Mpc.
- Δχ² relative to ΛCDM is negative for every data combination, ranging from about −1.0 to −2.3. The Bayes factors ln B_ij are only mildly in favour of IDE, between about −0.01 and −0.47.
- The cosmic chronometer (CC) sample is deliberately conservative. It uses 15 measurements spanning 0.179 \< z \< 1.965, with the full covariance matrix and systematic errors included.
- The IDE fits give a low matter density and high clustering. For Planck-2018+DESI, Ωm ≈ 0.21 and σ8 ≈ 1.23. This raises concerns at the perturbation level, for example when compared with RSD data.
- Replacing DESI with SDSS BAO gives only a bound, ξ > −0.389 at 95% CL, so there is no clear detection of interaction. H0 is still around 68.9 km/s/Mpc. The preference for interaction therefore comes largely from DESI, although the two datasets do not contradict each other.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [University of Sheffield](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-sheffield/) — University, Sheffield, United Kingdom · 119 works · 22,819 citations
- [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universidade-federal-do-rio-grande-do-sul/) — University, Porto Alegre, Brazil · 10 works · 685 citations

Also on the byline: [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais](https://ror.org/04xbn6x09).

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## Cite

Cite as: William Giare, Miguel A. Sabogal, Rafael C. Nunes and Eleonora Di Valentino. 2024. Interacting Dark Energy after DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements. arXiv:2404.15232.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@misc{giare2024interacting,
  title = {{Interacting Dark Energy after DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements}},
  author = {William Giare, Miguel A. Sabogal, Rafael C. Nunes and Eleonora {Di Valentino}},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003},
  eprint = {2404.15232},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.251003}
}
```

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*Updated 3 November 2026*