---
title: "Who cites Unsolved Problems in ML Safety — 66 citing papers"
description: "66 papers of the Elamur Research library cite «Unsolved Problems in ML Safety», found in their bibliographies; the most cited first."
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---
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# Who cites «Unsolved Problems in ML Safety»

66 papers of our library cite it (of the 149,439 whose bibliographies we read) · 26 with a page here, the most cited first · [← back to «Unsolved Problems in ML Safety»](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/hendrycks-2021-unsolved-problems-ml-safety/)

1. [**On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models arXiv:2108.07258**Rishi Bommasani, Drew A. Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, et al.*2021 · 3,160 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bommasani-2021-opportunities-risks-foundation-models/)
2. [**Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models arXiv:2206.07682**Jason Wei, Yi Tay, Rishi Bommasani, et al.*2022 · 2,269 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wei-2022-emergent-abilities-large-language-models/)
3. **[Red Teaming Language Models with Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/perez-2022-red-teaming-language-models-language/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Ethan Perez, Saffron Huang, Francis Song, et al.*2022 · 700 citations*
4. [**Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation arXiv:2302.09664**Lorenz Kuhn, Yarin Gal, Sebastian Farquhar*2023 · 433 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kuhn-2023-semantic-uncertainty-linguistic-invariances-uncertainty/)
5. [**Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparency arXiv:2310.01405**Andy Zou, Long Phan, Sarah Chen, et al.*2023 · 397 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/zou-2023-representation-engineering-top-down-approach/)
6. **[Tool Learning with Foundation Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/qin-2023-tool-learning-foundation-models/) [ACM Computing Surveys](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-computing-surveys/)**Yujia Qin, Shengding Hu, Yankai Lin, et al.*2023 · 383 citations*
7. [**Challenges and Applications of Large Language Models arXiv:2307.10169**Jean Kaddour, Joshua Harris, Maximilian Mozes, et al.*2023 · 301 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kaddour-2023-challenges-applications-large-language-models/)
8. **[Predictability and Surprise in Large Generative Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ganguli-2022-predictability-surprise-large-generative-models/) [ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acm-conference-on-fairness-accountability-and-transparency-facct/)**Deep Ganguli, Danny Hernandez, Liane Lovitt, et al.*2022 · 268 citations*
9. [**BlenderBot 3: a deployed conversational agent that continually learns to responsibly engage arXiv:2208.03188**Kurt Shuster, Jing Xu, Mojtaba Komeili, et al.*2022 · 241 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shuster-2022-blenderbot-3-deployed-conversational-agent/)
10. [**Baseline Defenses for Adversarial Attacks Against Aligned Language Models arXiv:2309.00614**Neel Jain, Avi Schwarzschild, Yuxin Wen, et al.*2023 · 236 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jain-2023-baseline-defenses-adversarial-attacks-against/)
11. [**Prompting GPT-3 To Be Reliable arXiv:2210.09150**Chenglei Si, Zhe Gan, Zhengyuan Yang, et al.*2022 · 210 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/si-2022-prompting-gpt-3-reliable/)
12. [**Generative Representational Instruction Tuning arXiv:2402.09906**Niklas Muennighoff, Hongjin Su, Liang Wang, et al.*2024 · 172 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/muennighoff-2024-generative-representational-instruction-tuning/)
13. [**Detecting Language Model Attacks with Perplexity arXiv:2308.14132**Gabriel Alon, Michael Kamfonas*2023 · 141 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alon-2023-detecting-language-model-attacks-perplexity/)
14. **[Evaluating the Moral Beliefs Encoded in LLMs](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/scherrer-2023-evaluating-moral-beliefs-encoded-llms/) [Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/neural-information-processing-systems/)**Nino Scherrer, Claudia Shi, Amir Feder, et al.*2023 · 129 citations*
15. [**The WMDP Benchmark: Measuring and Reducing Malicious Use With Unlearning arXiv:2403.03218**Nathaniel Li, Alexander Pan, Anjali Gopal, et al.*2024 · 127 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/li-2024-wmdp-benchmark-measuring-reducing-malicious/)
16. **[LM vs LM: Detecting Factual Errors via Cross Examination](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/cohen-2023-lm-vs-lm-detecting-factual/) [Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/emnlp/)**Roi Cohen, May Hamri, Mor Geva, et al.*2023 · 126 citations*
17. [**Large Language Model Alignment: A Survey arXiv:2309.15025**Tianhao Shen, Renren Jin, Yufei Huang, et al.*2023 · 124 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/shen-2023-large-language-model-alignment-survey/)
18. [**The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective arXiv:2209.00626**Richard Ngo, Lawrence Chan, Soren Mindermann*2022 · 121 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/ngo-2022-alignment-problem-deep-learning-perspective/)
19. [**Fundamental Limitations of Alignment in Large Language Models arXiv:2304.11082**Yotam Wolf, Noam Wies, Oshri Avnery, et al.*2023 · 114 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wolf-2023-fundamental-limitations-alignment-large-language/)
20. [**Mechanistic Interpretability for AI Safety — A Review arXiv:2404.14082**Leonard Bereska, Efstratios Gavves*2024 · 108 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bereska-2024-mechanistic-interpretability-ai-safety-review/)
21. [**Foundational Challenges in Assuring Alignment and Safety of Large Language Models arXiv:2404.09932**Usman Anwar, Abulhair Saparov, Javier Rando, et al.*2024 · 87 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/anwar-2024-foundational-challenges-assuring-alignment-safety/)
22. [**Constitutional Classifiers: Defending against Universal Jailbreaks across Thousands of Hours of Red Teaming arXiv:2501.18837**Mrinank Sharma, Meg Tong, Jesse Mu, et al.*2025 · 29 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sharma-2025-constitutional-classifiers-defending-against-universal/)
23. [**Language Model Alignment in Multilingual Trolley Problems arXiv:2407.02273**Zhijing Jin, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Giorgio Piatti, et al.*2024 · 23 citations*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jin-2024-language-model-alignment-multilingual-trolley/)
24. **[Do Large Language Models Reflect Demographic Pluralism in Safety?](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/naseem-2026-do-large-language-models-reflect/) [Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/findings/)**Usman Naseem, Gautam Siddharth Kashyap, Sushant Kumar Ray, et al.*2026 · 3 citations*
25. [**SteuerLLM: Local specialized large language model for German tax law analysis arXiv:2602.11081 · Scientific Reports, Volume 16, 2026**Sebastian Wind, Jeta Sopa, Laurin Schmid, et al.*2026*](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wind-2026-steuerllm-local-specialized-large-language/)
26. **[Teach a Reward Model to Correct Itself: Reward Guided Adversarial Failure Discovery for Robust Reward Modeling](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/pathmanathan-2026-teach-reward-model-correct-itself/) [Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/acl/)**Pankayaraj Pathmanathan, Furong Huang*2026*

40 more papers of our library cite it; they have no page here yet.

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