--- title: "Investigating the Relationship between — Jamshidi 2025" description: "This is a classical-philology study, not an NLP paper." authors: ["Nahid Jamshidi", "Ali Asghar Ghahramani Moghbel", "Abolfazl Rezaei"] year: 2025 venue: "مطالعات زبانی و بلاغی 16" source: "https://rhetorical.semnan.ac.ir/article_9477_1769b9ab866eb4b309e885ca649de3bd.pdf" doi: "10.22075/jlrs.2024.33742.2452" licence: "CC BY (journal licence per DOAJ; مطالعات زبانی و بلاغی)" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jamshidi-2025-investigating-relationship-between-rhetoric-arabic/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/jamshidi-2025-investigating-relationship-between-rhetoric-arabic/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2025](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2025/page/3/) / Investigating the Relationship between Rhetoric and Arabic Syntax Based on the views of Jurjāni and Sakkāki (Case Study: Omission and Apposition in Simile and Metaphor) # Investigating the Relationship between Rhetoric and Arabic Syntax Based on the views of Jurjāni and Sakkāki (Case Study: Omission and Apposition in Simile and Metaphor) **Authors:** Nahid Jamshidi, Ali Asghar Ghahramani Moghbel, Abolfazl Rezaei · **Institutions:** [Shahid Beheshti University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/shahid-beheshti-university/) · **Year:** 2025 · **Venue:** مطالعات زبانی و بلاغی 16 · **Licence:** [CC BY (journal licence per DOAJ; مطالعات زبانی و بلاغی)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) **Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.22075/jlrs.2024.33742.2452) · [PDF](https://rhetorical.semnan.ac.ir/article_9477_1769b9ab866eb4b309e885ca649de3bd.pdf) · [DOI 10.22075/jlrs.2024.33742.2452](https://doi.org/10.22075/jlrs.2024.33742.2452) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W6888820711) **Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) ## Summary This is a classical-philology study, not an NLP paper. It asks how far Arabic grammar (naḥw) shaped Arabic rhetoric (balāgha). It narrows the question to two linked phenomena: omission (ḥadhf) and "apposition" (taqdīr), the paper's term for supplying an elided element. The authors take these as they appear in simile and metaphor and compare the positions of Abdul Qahir Jurjāni (Dalāʾil al-Iʿjāz, Asrār al-Balāgha) and Sakkāki (Miftāḥ al-ʿUlūm). Sakkāki treated command of morphology and syntax as a precondition for mastering rhetoric. The method is descriptive-analytical and library-based, with no corpus or experiments. The authors conclude that syntax influenced both rhetorical semantics (maʿānī) and eloquence/figuration (bayān). They argue that omission and reconstruction inside rhetoric serve expressive goals. Rhetorical omission should therefore be kept distinct from purely grammatical omission, so rhetoric does not collapse into grammatical analogy. This also argues against earlier proposals to move such topics out of rhetoric and back into grammar. ## Key points - The scholars compared are Jurjāni (d. 471 AH) and Sakkāki (555–626 AH). - Sakkāki's Miftāḥ al-ʿUlūm is arranged in three parts: - morphology, - syntax, - maʿānī and bayān, with logical argumentation (istidlāl) as a complement. - Omission is classified by unit: - whole sentence, - word, - letter, - vowel/short-vowel mark. - The paper holds that no omission occurs without evidence, which may be rational or verbal. - The terminology is not uniform across sources: - omission is also called isqāṭ, tark and tark al-dhikr; - reconstruction is also called iḍmār and taʾwīl. - The literature review criticises Mirlohi & Rezvan (2008), who wanted some syntactic topics moved out of rhetoric. It also notes that most prior work studied omission alone and paid little attention to taqdīr in bayān. ## Interesting ideas - An elided element is only legitimate if some verbal or contextual evidence lets the reader recover it, so every reconstruction should point to its evidence. — For Mova (tree): Ellipsis-recovery nodes in the UD tree could be required to carry a pointer to the antecedent or contextual cue that licenses them, which keeps gap-filling explainable. - The same surface gap can be either a structural necessity or a deliberate stylistic choice for brevity or effect, and the two deserve separate labels. — For Mova (frames): Prag could tag each recovered argument as "grammatical ellipsis" versus "rhetorical omission" and send only the latter to implicature reasoning about why the speaker left it out. - Omission can be sorted by the size of the missing unit, from a vowel up to a whole clause. — For Mova (tokens): An analogous English typology (clitics and contractions, dropped function words, verb-phrase ellipsis, clause ellipsis) could decide which stage owns each kind of gap, starting with the tokenizer and lemmatizer. - Sakkāki puts morphology and syntax before rhetoric and treats them as prerequisites, so higher-level analysis rests on lower-level correctness. — For Mova (learn): When evaluating frame or figurative-language errors, Mova could first check whether the underlying tree was wrong, attributing failures to the earliest faulty stage before writing higher-level repair rules. - Figurative expressions such as simile and metaphor can be analysed by reconstructing what has been left unsaid in them, rather than treating them as opaque. — For Mova (frames): Metaphor and simile handling in prag could explicitly reconstruct omitted parts, such as the compared entity or the point of comparison, as hidden frame slots linked to the text. *Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.* Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/) Topics: [Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Syntax & grammar formalisms](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/syntax-grammar/) · [Idioms & multiword expressions](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multiword-expressions/) ## Cite The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. ```bibtex @inproceedings{jamshidi2025investigating, title = {{Investigating the Relationship between Rhetoric and Arabic Syntax Based on the views of Jurjāni and Sakkāki (Case Study: Omission and Apposition in Simile and Metaphor)}}, author = {Jamshidi, Nahid and Moghbel, Ali Asghar Ghahramani and Rezaei, Abolfazl}, booktitle = {مطالعات زبانی و بلاغی 16}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.22075/jlrs.2024.33742.2452}, url = {https://doi.org/10.22075/jlrs.2024.33742.2452} } ``` - [← previous Integrating Semantic and Statistical Features for Authorial Clustering of Qumran Scrolls](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/aclbulk-2025-lourie-integrating-semantic-statistical-features-authorial/) - [next → Irony Detection in Hebrew Documents: A Novel Dataset and an Evaluation of Neural Classification Methods](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/prag-2025-shmidman-irony-detection-hebrew-documents-novel/) - [↑ back to papers of 2025](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2025/page/3/) ## References 1 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. 183 ـ ــــــــــــــ یكاّكس و یناجرج ياه هاگديد رب هيكت اب یبرع وحن و تغلاب هطبار یسررب -Al-Sabki, Bahauddin (2003). 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