---
title: "Conceptualising love in Amharic — Kacprzak 2026"
description: "This study asks how Amharic speakers frame love and how this differs from the supposedly universal picture common in emotion research."
authors: ["Aleksander Kacprzak"]
year: 2026
venue: "Studies in African Languages and Cultures 60"
source: "https://salc.uw.edu.pl/index.php/SALC/article/view/734"
doi: "10.32690/salc60.1"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Studies in African Languages and Cultures)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/kacprzak-2026-conceptualising-love-amharic/"
---
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# Conceptualising love in Amharic

**Authors:** [Aleksander Kacprzak](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aleksander-kacprzak/) · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** Studies in African Languages and Cultures 60 · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA (journal licence per DOAJ; Studies in African Languages and Cultures)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.32690/salc60.1) · [PDF](https://salc.uw.edu.pl/index.php/SALC/article/download/734/407) · [DOI 10.32690/salc60.1](https://doi.org/10.32690/salc60.1) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7221160968)

**Citations:** 0 citations (openalex-snapshot · 2026-10-14)

## Summary
This study asks how Amharic speakers frame love and how this differs from the supposedly universal picture common in emotion research. It works within cognitive ethnolinguistics and examines the concept at three levels. The first is the lexical field built on the roots fqr and wdd. The second is the metaphors through which love is understood. The third is love's main subtypes. The evidence comes from three sources: several Amharic and Ge'ez dictionaries, collocations drawn from the Amharic Web Corpus (amWaC), and a hand-built set of 652 excerpts of contemporary love discourse across many genres. The author finds that the Amharic concept rests on a Christian base shared with European languages but has its own profile. The verb wäddädä is the more neutral exponent. Several metaphors appear specific to Amharic. Subtypes such as family love and love of homeland are tied to broader cultural beliefs, including an interventionist God, the centrality of kinship and a taboo on sexual desire. The paper argues that language- and culture-specific aspects of emotion concepts deserve as much weight as universal ones.

## Key points
- **Lexicon:** The concept has three main lexical exponents: the noun fəqər and the verbs wäddädä ('love, like, want') and afäqqärä ('love'). Both roots go back to Ge'ez. The dictionary AMQ glosses fəqər with wdd-derived verbs, which suggests that wäddädä is the more neutral verb.
- **Data:** The sources were dictionaries (AMQ 2001, Desta 1970, Kidane 1956, Leslau 1987, Kane 1990, and an idiom dictionary from 1983) and amWaC, a web corpus of about 26 million words.
- **Self-collected corpus:** 652 excerpts, broken down as follows:
  - 200 from news, blogs and websites;
  - 26 from social media;
  - 206 from literature;
  - 120 from song lyrics (76 secular songs, 44 hymns);
  - 100 from films and videos (50 each).
- **Unique metaphors:** Expressions that look specific to Amharic include:
  - fəqər lay mähon, literally 'to be on love';
  - yäanǧät fəqər, 'intestine love', meaning true love;
  - mäṭbäs, literally 'to fry', meaning to hit on someone.
- **Subcategories and cultural links:** Four subtypes are analysed: love between romantic partners, love among relatives, love directed at oneself, and love for one's homeland. Compared with Western discourse, religious framings are more prominent and sexual desire is less visible.

## Interesting ideas
- The study triangulates three data types: dictionary definitions for the system, large-corpus collocations for usage patterns, and curated genre-diverse excerpts for discourse. Each source corrects the blind spots of the others. — For Mova (world): Entries in the compiled ontology (WordNet/FrameNet senses) could be cross-checked against corpus collocations and real passages before being trusted for inference.
- The study reads which near-synonym a dictionary uses inside its definitions as evidence of which word is the basic, neutral member of the field. This is a cheap way to rank near-synonyms without annotation. — For Mova (world): Glosses in WordNet could be mined to decide which of "love/adore/cherish/like" acts as the default label, giving frames a neutral canonical predicate.
- Two editions of a dictionary define the same word differently: the newer one splits off sexual romantic love, while the older one keeps a single Christian sense. So a lexical resource reflects editorial choices, not neutral truth. — For Mova (learn): Treat any single lexical resource as one witness among several and flag senses where sources disagree, instead of importing them as gold.
- An emotion noun can be used predicatively about a collective subject, as in 'the people of Wollo are fəqər'. Here it denotes a friendly character trait, not a feeling toward anyone. — For Mova (frames): Copular sentences like "she's a sweetheart" or "they're all love" should map to a property frame on the subject, not an experiencer–stimulus love frame with a missing target.
- Grammatical form can carry social meaning, as when feminine address forms are used toward male friends to signal closeness. Affection is encoded by deviating from the expected agreement. — For Mova (frames): Vocatives such as "my love" or "dear" and other marked address forms could be recognised as relationship and intimacy signals in the speech-act layer, feeding who-is-close-to-whom into the text's world.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Discourse analysis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/discourse-analysis/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@article{kacprzak2026conceptualising,
  title = {{Conceptualising love in Amharic}},
  author = {Kacprzak, Aleksander},
  journal = {Studies in African Languages and Cultures 60},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.32690/salc60.1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.32690/salc60.1}
}
```

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78. Yismake, W. 2021. Zamra. City and publisher unknown. Films Fəqər tek (Addis Insight, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwz-O_AzuWw&t=1026s&ab_channel=ADDISINSIGHT](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwz-O_AzuWw&t=1026s&ab_channel=ADDISINSIGHT) [25 February 2025]) [↗](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwz-O_AzuWw&t=1026s&ab_channel=ADDISINSIGHT)
79. Läfäqär (Haset Movies, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0WDcde9C9c&ab_chan-nel=HasetMovies%28%E1%88%80%E1%88%B4%E1%89%B5%E1%88%99%E1%8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0WDcde9C9c&ab_chan-nel=HasetMovies%28%E1%88%80%E1%88%B4%E1%89%B5%E1%88%99%E1%8) 9%AA%E1%88%B5%29] [25 February 2025]) [↗](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0WDcde9C9c&ab_chan-nel=HasetMovies%28%E1%88%80%E1%88%B4%E1%89%B5%E1%88%99%E1%8)
80. Ṭafač (Sodere TV, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D7oEpbSSLM&t=2251s&ab_chan-nel=SodereTV](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D7oEpbSSLM&t=2251s&ab_chan-nel=SodereTV) [25 February 2025]) [↗](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D7oEpbSSLM&t=2251s&ab_chan-nel=SodereTV)
81. Wäddaǧ (Eliana Entertainment, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phmIAGUlKVg&ab_channel=ElianaEntertainmen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phmIAGUlKVg&ab_channel=ElianaEntertainmen) [25 February 2025]) [↗](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phmIAGUlKVg&ab_channel=ElianaEntertainmen)
82. Yäfəqər ṭəgg (Salkan Tube, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvDq_CUmQMQ&ab_channel=SalkanTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvDq_CUmQMQ&ab_channel=SalkanTube]) [25 February 2025]) [↗](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvDq_CUmQMQ&ab_channel=SalkanTube])