---
title: "A Probabilistic Account of Logical Metonymy — Lapata 2003"
description: "Logical metonymy covers phrases where a verb or adjective needs an event, but the syntax supplies only an entity… 53 references, cited by 29 papers here."
authors: ["Maria Lapata", "Alex Lascarides"]
year: 2003
venue: "Computational Linguistics"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/J03-2004/"
doi: "10.1162/089120103322145324"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lapata-2003-probabilistic-account-logical-metonymy/"
---
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# A Probabilistic Account of Logical Metonymy

**Authors:** Maria Lapata and [Alex Lascarides](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/alex-lascarides/) · **Year:** 2003 · **Venue:** Computational Linguistics · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/J03-2004/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/J03-2004.pdf) · [DOI 10.1162/089120103322145324](https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103322145324) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2116615145)

**Citations:** 89 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · 29 in our library, of the 140,884 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
Logical metonymy covers phrases where a verb or adjective needs an event, but the syntax supplies only an entity noun. For example, "enjoy the book" is understood as enjoying reading it, and "easy problem" as a problem that is easy to solve. Theoretical treatments, especially Pustejovsky's generative lexicon with its qualia roles, have two gaps. They do not list every available reading, and they do not say which readings are more likely. Purely pragmatic inference also overgenerates odd cases such as "?John began the bridge".

Lapata and Lascarides use a big body of text to learn how metonymic adjectives and verbs are interpreted. They exploit stable links between surface syntactic patterns and meaning to collect candidate paraphrasing verbs automatically. A probabilistic model then ranks these candidates. The rankings were compared with paraphrase judgments elicited from human participants, and the model's ordering correlates reliably with human intuitions.

The work turns a mostly theoretical phenomenon into an empirical, corpus-driven account of implicit events. It also shows that interpretation likelihood can be estimated rather than stipulated.

## Key points
- **Scope.** The paper covers two construction types:
  - Verb-noun cases, such as *finish/begin/enjoy* + object.
  - Adjective-noun cases, such as *easy, difficult, good, fast*.
  
  Adjectives differ in the role the noun plays for the implied verb. *Fast* favours a subject reading, *easy/difficult* favour an object reading, and *good* allows both (*good cook* vs *good soup*).
- **Relation to Pustejovsky's qualia structure.** The paper contrasts its approach with qualia structure, which has a telic role (book → read) and an agentive role (book → write). It argues that a single default telic role is inadequate. Nouns differ in how ambiguous they are (*fast scientist* vs *fast plane*), and plausible interpretations need a likelihood ranking.
- **Prior empirical work.** Earlier studies only measured how common metonymy is. Briscoe et al. (1990) used the LOB corpus (1M words), and Verspoor (1997) used the BNC (100M words). Neither generated interpretations automatically or ranked them.
- **Evaluation.** Model rankings were tested against experimentally collected human paraphrase judgments, with reliable correlation.
  - The supplied excerpt omits the central sections, so exact correlation values, corpus statistics and model details are not reported here.
  - The reference list points to magnitude estimation, web-based experiments and WordNet, but their exact use is unconfirmed.
- **Publication.** *Computational Linguistics*, 2003; authors from the University of Sheffield (Lapata) and the University of Edinburgh (Lascarides).

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Natural language processing](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/nlp/)

## Institutions

- [University of Edinburgh](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-edinburgh/) — University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom · 202 works · 55,753 citations
- [University of Sheffield](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-sheffield/) — University, Sheffield, United Kingdom · 67 works · 17,924 citations

## Cite

Cite as: Maria Lapata and Alex Lascarides. 2003. A Probabilistic Account of Logical Metonymy. Computational Linguistics.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@article{lapata2003probabilistic,
  title = {{A Probabilistic Account of Logical Metonymy}},
  author = {Maria Lapata and Alex Lascarides},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2003},
  doi = {10.1162/089120103322145324},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103322145324}
}
```

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