--- title: "Functional structure in the noun phrase — Preminger 2020" description: "Bruening and colleagues argue that the outermost layer of a nominal is projected by the noun itself, with no functional structure above it. Preminger…" authors: ["Omer Preminger"] year: 2020 venue: "Glossa: a journal of general linguistics" source: "https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1244" doi: "10.5334/gjgl.1244" licence: "CC BY 4.0" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2020-preminger-functional-structure-noun-phrase-revisiting/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2020-preminger-functional-structure-noun-phrase-revisiting/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2020](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2020/page/2/) / Functional structure in the noun phrase: revisiting Hebrew nominals # Functional structure in the noun phrase: revisiting Hebrew nominals **Authors:** Omer Preminger · **Year:** 2020 · **Venue:** Glossa: a journal of general linguistics **Link:** [glossa-journal.org/article/id/5316](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/id/5316/) · library `lingbulk-2020-preminger-functional-structure-noun-phrase-revisiting` · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) [**7** citations](https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3040233974) OpenAlex · 2026-10-14 · [**3** citations in our library](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2020-preminger-functional-structure-noun-phrase-revisiting/cited-by/) of the 140673 papers whose bibliographies we read · [Glossa: a journal of general linguistics](https://openalex.org/S4210226983) · [licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) - [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1244) - [PDF](https://www.glossa-journal.org/article/5316/galley/12904/download) - [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.1244](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1244) - [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W3040233974) **Authors (1)** 1. [Preminger, Omer](https://openalex.org/A5044700417) [ORCID](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2148-9741) · [Semantic Scholar](https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/66402801) · h 14 · 2318 citations · 49 works Citations and author metrics: OpenAlex, 2026-10-14; authors with the same name are not always told apart. ## What it is about Bruening and colleagues argue that the outermost layer of a nominal is projected by the noun itself, with no functional structure above it. Preminger returns to Ritter's (1991) Hebrew data, in which a noun such as nicaxon ("victory") in the construct state takes an external argument and an internal argument PP, in NSO order ("the victory of the party over its rivals"). He shows that the noun is not deverbal (the template CiCaCon is not a deverbal one, and the internal PP uses a preposition chosen by the noun), so the object marker et cannot appear, which is evidence against verbal structure. Three analyses are tested: head movement of N, base-generation in n, and phrasal (remnant) fronting. The first two need a head above NP. The third overgenerates NOS orders, which are impossible in the construct state (example 11b), and it needs an NP adjoined to an NP. The conclusion is that a functional head above the noun exists. ## Ideas - I1. Use the object marker et as a diagnostic in the lexicon: an internal argument with et means verbal structure; a noun whose argument is a PP with a noun-selected preposition is nominal. Add this as a feature on nouns in the Hebrew lexicon, not as a rule about word order. - I2. Negative test sentences for any NSO/NOS rule in the parser: the construct-state NOS order must be rejected (the paper's example "*nic(a)xon al yerive-ha ha-miflaga"), and the non-construct-state NOS order must be accepted with a mark of doubtful grammaticality. - I3. Keep cs and ncs (construct vs non-construct state) as separate morphological features on Hebrew nouns, since the word-order options differ between them. ## For Mova I1 goes into [languages/he/04-nouns-adjectives-pronouns.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/04-nouns-adjectives-pronouns/) (the et diagnostic and noun-selected prepositions) and [languages/he/06-prepositions-particles.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/06-prepositions-particles/). I2 is a test for the word-order rules in [languages/he/07-syntax.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/07-syntax/) and the parser output for `tools/hbo` when it reaches construct-state nouns. I3 is a feature in [languages/he/04-nouns-adjectives-pronouns.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/04-nouns-adjectives-pronouns/) and the UD analysis in [languages/he/11-ud-analysis.md](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/languages/he/11-ud-analysis/). The paper is short; these are the only parts that can be used now. ## Cite The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. [DOI 10.5334/gjgl.1244](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1244) ```bibtex @article{preminger2020functional, title = {{Functional structure in the noun phrase: revisiting Hebrew nominals}}, author = {Preminger, Omer}, journal = {Glossa: a journal of general linguistics}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.5334/gjgl.1244}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1244} } ``` - [← previous From Zero to Hero: On the Limitations of Zero-Shot Language Transfer with Multilingual Transformers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lauscher-2020-zero-hero-limitations-zero-shot/) - [next → Gender in Danger? Evaluating Speech Translation Technology on the MuST-SHE Corpus](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/bentivogli-2020-gender-danger-evaluating-speech-translation/) - [↑ back to papers of 2020](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2020/page/2/) ## References 14 references, 1 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. Abels, Klaus. 2003. Successive cyclicity, anti-locality, and adposition stranding. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut Doctoral dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abels%2C+Klaus%2E+2003%2E+Successive+cyclicity%2C+anti%2Dlocality%2C+and+adposition+stranding%2E+Storrs%2C+CT%3A+University+of+Connecticut+Doctoral+dissertation%2E) 2. Abney, Steven P. 1987. The English noun-phrase in its sentential aspect. Cambridge, MA: MIT Doctoral dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abney%2C+Steven+P%2E+1987%2E+The+English+noun%2Dphrase+in+its+sentential+aspect%2E+Cambridge%2C+MA%3A+MIT+Doctoral+dissertation%2E) 3. Arad, Maya. 2005. Roots and patterns: Hebrew morpho-syntax (Studies in Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 63). Dordrecht: Springer. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Arad%2C+Maya%2E+2005%2E+Roots+and+patterns%3A+Hebrew+morpho%2Dsyntax+%28Studies+in+Natural+Language+%26+Linguistic+Theory+63%29%2E+Dordrecht%3A+Springer%2E) 4. Bruening, Benjamin. 2009. Selectional asymmetries between CP and DP suggest that the DP Hypothesis is wrong. In Laurel MacKenzie (ed.), Proceedings of the 32nd Penn Linguistics Colloquium(PLC 32), vol. 15 (University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 1), 26–35. Philadelphia, PA: Penn Linguistics Club. [https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol15/iss1/5/](https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol15/iss1/5/). [↗](https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol15/iss1/5/) 5. Bruening, Benjamin. 2010. Ditransitive asymmetries and a theory of idiom formation. Linguistic Inquiry 41(4). 519–562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/LING_a_00012 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00012) 6. Bruening, Benjamin. 2020. The head of the nominal is N, not D: N-to-D movement, hybrid agreement, and conventionalized expressions. Glossa 5(1). 15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1031 Bruening, Benjamin, Xuyen Dinh & Lan Kim. 2018. Selection, idioms, and the structure of nominal phrases with and without classifiers. Glossa 3(1). 42. DOI: https://doi. org/10.5334/gjgl.288 Danon, Gabi. 2011. Agreement and DP-internal feature distribution. Syntax 14(4). 297– 317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2011.00154.x [↗](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1031) 7. Engelhardt, Miriam. 2000. The projection of argument-taking n ominals. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 18(1). 41–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006462323394 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1023/a:10064623​23394) 8. Georgi, Doreen & Gereon Muller. 2010. Noun-phrase structure by reprojection. Syntax 13(1). 1–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2009.00132.x [↗](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2009.00132.x) 9. Landau, Idan. 2006. Chain resolution in Hebrew V(P)-fronting. Syntax 9(1). 32–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2006.00084.x [↗](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2006.00084.x) 10. Merchant, Jason. 2019. Roots don’t select, categorial heads do: Lexical-selection of PPsmay vary by category. The LinguisticReview 36(3). 325–341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ tlr-2019-2020 Ritter, Elizabeth. 1991. Two functional categories in noun phrases: Evidence from Modern Hebrew. In Susan D. Rothstein (ed.), Perspectives on phrase structure: Heads and licensing, 37–62. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004373198_004 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004373198_004) 11. Shlonsky, Ur. 2004. The form of Semitic noun phrases. Lingua 114(12). 1465–1526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2003.09.019 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2003.09.019) 12. Szabolcsi, Anna. 1983. The possessor that ran away from home. The Linguistic Review 3. 89–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1983.3.1.89 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1983.3.1.89) 13. How to cite this article: Preminger, Omer. 2020. Functional structure in the noun phrase: revisiting Hebrew nominals. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 5(1): 68. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1244 [↗](https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1244) [our card](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lingbulk-2020-preminger-functional-structure-noun-phrase-revisiting/) 14. Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). [↗](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)