---
title: "Grounding DINO — Liu 2023"
description: "The paper targets open-set object detection: finding objects in an image from free-form text such as category names or referring expressions, not only…"
authors: ["Shilong Liu", "Zhaoyang Zeng", "Tianhe Ren", "Feng Li", "Hao Zhang", "Jie Yang", "Qing Jiang", "Chunyuan Li", "Jianwei Yang", "Hang Su", "Jun Zhu", "Lei Zhang"]
year: 2023
venue: "arXiv:2303.05499"
source: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.05499"
doi: "10.48550/arxiv.2303.05499"
arxiv: "2303.05499"
licence: "arXiv — non-exclusive license to distribute"
licence_url: "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2023-grounding-dino-marrying-dino-grounded/"
---
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# Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detection

**Authors:** Shilong Liu, Zhaoyang Zeng, Tianhe Ren, [Feng Li](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/feng-li/), [Hao Zhang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hao-zhang/), [Jie Yang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jie-yang/), Qing Jiang, [Chunyuan Li](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chunyuan-li/), [Jianwei Yang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/jianwei-yang/), [Hang Su](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/hang-su/), Jun Zhu, [Lei Zhang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/lei-zhang/) · **Year:** 2023 · **Venue:** arXiv:2303.05499 · **Licence:** [arXiv — non-exclusive license to distribute](http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.05499) · [PDF](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.05499) · [DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2303.05499](https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.05499) · [arXiv 2303.05499](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.05499) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W4324128075)

**Citations:** 246 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [184](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/liu-2023-grounding-dino-marrying-dino-grounded/cited-by/) in our library, of the 140884 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
The paper targets open-set object detection: finding objects in an image from free-form text such as category names or referring expressions, not only from a fixed label list. The authors build Grounding DINO on DINO, a Transformer-based closed-set detector, and inject language at three stages. A feature enhancer mixes image and text features through cross-attention in the neck. A language-guided query selection step initializes decoder queries. A cross-modality decoder refines those queries with both image and text attention. They also replace GLIP-style concatenation of category names with sub-sentence text prompts, which block attention between unrelated categories. The model is pre-trained on a mix of detection, grounding and caption data. It is evaluated without using the target datasets' training splits on COCO, LVIS and ODinW, and also on RefCOCO/+/g for referring expression comprehension (REC). It surpasses earlier open-set detectors, showing that tighter vision–language fusion improves transfer to unseen concepts. Checkpoints and inference code are publicly released.

## Key points
- **Headline results:** 52.5 AP on COCO with no COCO training data, and a record 26.1 mean AP on the ODinW zero-shot benchmark.
- **Fusion stages:** language is fused in the neck, at query initialization and in the head (phases A, B, C). Earlier models such as GLIP and OV-DETR used only some of these stages.
- **Ablation (Swin-T, pre-trained on O365):** removing individual components lowers LVIS zero-shot AP from 16.1 for the full model:
  - without encoder fusion: 13.1
  - static query selection: 13.6
  - without text cross-attention: 14.3
  - word-level instead of sub-sentence prompts: 15.6
- **Effect of extra training data (Swin-T):** adding RefC and COCO to O365+GoldG raises COCO zero-shot AP from 48.1 to 56.1. However, ODinW zero-shot AP drops from 20.0 to 17.4.
- **Limitations:** the model cannot do segmentation, unlike GLIPv2. It was trained on less data than the largest GLIP model. It sometimes produces false positives (hallucinated detections). Code is at github.com/IDEA-Research/GroundingDINO.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Other](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/other/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@misc{liu2023grounding,
  title = {{Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detection}},
  author = {Liu, Shilong and Zeng, Zhaoyang and Ren, Tianhe and Li, Feng and Zhang, Hao and Yang, Jie and Jiang, Qing and Li, Chunyuan and Yang, Jianwei and Su, Hang and Zhu, Jun and Zhang, Lei},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2303.05499},
  eprint = {2303.05499},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.05499}
}
```

- [← previous The Falcon Series of Open Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/almazrouei-2023-falcon-series-open-language-models/)
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