---
title: "That’s what I need — Maschler 2026"
description: "The paper examines a Hebrew structure built from ze 'this', ma 'what', the subordinator she- and a following clause, as in \"that's what I need.\" Grammars…"
authors: ["Yael Maschler", "Hilla Polak-Yitzhaki"]
year: 2026
venue: "Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads 5"
source: "https://typologyatcrossroads.unibo.it/article/view/21325"
doi: "10.60923/issn.2785-0943/21325"
licence: "CC BY (journal licence per DOAJ; Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/maschler-2026-thats-i-need-multimodal-study/"
---
[Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/maschler-2026-thats-i-need-multimodal-study/)

[home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/10/) / That’s what I need: A multimodal study of Hebrew ‘Reversed Pseudo-Clefts’

# That’s what I need: A multimodal study of Hebrew ‘Reversed Pseudo-Clefts’

**Authors:** Yael Maschler, Hilla Polak-Yitzhaki · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads 5 · **Licence:** [CC BY (journal licence per DOAJ; Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2785-0943/21325) · [PDF](https://typologyatcrossroads.unibo.it/article/download/21325/21050) · [DOI 10.60923/issn.2785-0943/21325](https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2785-0943/21325) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7131353104)

**Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14)

## Summary
The paper examines a Hebrew structure built from *ze* 'this', *ma* 'what', the subordinator *she-* and a following clause, as in "that's what I need." Grammars usually label it a 'reversed pseudo-cleft': a copular matrix clause whose predicate is a nominalized clause. The authors use Interactional Linguistics and multimodal analysis of video, covering prosody, word choice, syntax, pragmatics and gesture. The Haifa Multimodal Corpus of Spoken Hebrew, a collection of casual talk among friends and family, supplied their data: 70 tokens located through manual searching.

They argue that *ze ma she-* behaves as a fixed chunk. It grew out of repeated discourse moves, and the data give no reason to treat it as an inverted pseudo-cleft. Most uses (71%) either frame earlier talk metalingually or back up a claim. Rarer uses include:
- asking for clarification
- stating general truths
- disclaiming responsibility
- returning to a topic

The summarizing function, said to dominate in English, appears only twice. The study suggests that functions attributed to a construction in one language should not be assumed for its counterpart in another. It also treats gesture and prosody as part of grammar.

## Key points
- **Data:** the Haifa Multimodal Corpus of Spoken Hebrew provides about 9 hours of video. This covers 16 informal interactions with 42 speakers, 2–6 participants each, recorded 2016–2019.
- **Tokens:** 70 tokens were found by manual search. Only *ma* 'what' occurs as the question word, whereas English allows *where*, *how* and others. Nine tokens have an adverb or quantifier before *ma* ("exactly what", "all what").
- **Functions:** seven are identified. Metalingual framing and claim-backing together make up 71%. Summative use occurs in only 2 tokens.
- **Gesture:** the palm-up open hand (PUOH) gesture accompanies 56% of claim-backing uses and none of the other functions.
- **Prosody:**
  - The demonstrative carries the primary stress in 44% of tokens, which contradicts the view that it is Given and therefore unstressed.
  - 26% of tokens have two primary stresses.
  - All clarification-seeking tokens end in rising intonation.
  - All disclaiming tokens stress the responsible agent.

## Interesting ideas
- Analyze a frequent multiword frame as one crystallized unit with its own job, rather than forcing a compositional embedded-clause analysis onto it. — For Mova (tree): Conversion and parsing could tag English "that's what + clause" as a construction-level unit. Downstream steps would then not read it as an ordinary copular predication.
- Classify a construction by the social action it performs, such as metalingually framing prior talk or backing a claim, instead of by its information-structure label alone. — For Mova (frames): The speech-act layer in prag could map "that's (exactly) what I'm saying" to an agreement or claim-support act rather than to a new assertion.
- Check functions borrowed from another language or from earlier literature against real usage counts; here the supposedly dominant summative use almost vanished. — For Mova (learn): Evaluation could include checks that test whether rules imported from grammar descriptions really hold on our own corpora, instead of trusting the prior label.
- Some frozen variants ("that's what there is", "that's what one does", "that's what it is") have hardened into stock phrases for stating general truths. — For Mova (world): Such idioms should yield generic or attitudinal statements, not concrete facts or states about entities in the text's world.
- The demonstrative often points back to a stretch of prior talk, and it is frequently stressed, so it is not always backgrounded old information. — For Mova (frames): Coreference could allow "that" in this frame to take a previous utterance or claim as its antecedent, not only a noun phrase entity.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

Fields: [Linguistics & languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/linguistics/)

Topics: [Hebrew & Aramaic](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/hebrew-aramaic/) · [Semitic languages](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/semitic-languages/) · [Vision & language](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multimodal/)

## Cite

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{maschler2026that,
  title = {{That’s what I need: A multimodal study of Hebrew ‘Reversed Pseudo-Clefts’}},
  author = {Maschler, Yael and Polak-Yitzhaki, Hilla},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads 5},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.60923/issn.2785-0943/21325},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2785-0943/21325}
}
```

- [← previous TG-ASR: Translation-Guided Learning with Parallel Gated Cross Attention for Low-Resource Automatic Speech Recognition](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/yang-2026-tg-asr-translation-guided-learning/)
- [next → The acquisition of English irregular inflections by Yemeni L1 Arabic learners: A Universal Grammar approach](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/alsawsh-2026-acquisition-english-irregular-inflections-yemeni/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/10/)

## References

50 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Antaki, Charles & Ivan Leudar. 1990. Claim-backing and other explanatory genres in talk. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 9. 279–292. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Antaki%2C+Charles+%26+Ivan+Leudar%2E+1990%2E+Claim%2Dbacking+and+other+explanatory+genres+in+talk%2E+Journal+of+Language+and+Social+Psychology%2C+9%2E+279%E2%80%93292%2E)
2. Auer, Peter. 2005. Projection in interaction and projection in grammar. Text, 25. 7-36. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Auer%2C+Peter%2E+2005%2E+Projection+in+interaction+and+projection+in+grammar%2E+Text%2C+25%2E+7%2D36%2E)
3. Auer, Peter. 2009. On-line syntax: Thoughts on the temporality of spoken language. Language Sciences, 31. 1-13. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Auer%2C+Peter%2E+2009%2E+On%2Dline+syntax%3A+Thoughts+on+the+temporality+of+spoken+language%2E+Language+Sciences%2C+31%2E+1%2D13%2E)
4. Auer, Peter & Yael Maschler. 2013. Discourse or Grammar? VS patterns in spoken Hebrew and spoken German narratives. Language Sciences, 37. 147–181. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Auer%2C+Peter+%26+Yael+Maschler%2E+2013%2E+Discourse+or+Grammar%3F+VS+patterns+in+spoken+Hebrew+and+spoken+German+narratives%2E+Language+Sciences%2C+37%2E+147%E2%80%93181%2E)
5. Azar, Moshe. 1992. Likrat havanat mivne hamishpat hamemukad ba'ivrit bat yameynu [‘Towards an understanding of the structure of the focused sentence in contemporary Hebrew’]. In Ouzzi Ornan, Rina Ben Shachar & Gideon Touri (eds.), Ha'ivrit safa xaya [‘Hebrew - A Living Language’], 87–99. Haifa: University of Haifa Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Azar%2C+Moshe%2E+1992%2E+Likrat+havanat+mivne+hamishpat+hamemukad+ba%27ivrit+bat+yameynu+%5B%E2%80%98Towards+an+understanding+of+the+structure+of+the+focused+sentence+in+contemporary+Hebrew%E2%80%99%5D%2E+In+Ouzzi+Ornan%2C+Rina+Ben+)
6. Ball, Catherine N. 1991. The historical development of the it-cleft. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Doctoral Dissertation. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ball%2C+Catherine+N%2E+1991%2E+The+historical+development+of+the+it%2Dcleft%2E+Philadelphia%3A+University+of+Pennsylvania%2E+Doctoral+Dissertation%2E)
7. Ben-Moshe, Yotam & Yael Maschler. 2024a. Hebrew clicks: From the periphery of language to the heart of grammar. Journal of Pragmatics, 229. 19–39. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ben%2DMoshe%2C+Yotam+%26+Yael+Maschler%2E+2024a%2E+Hebrew+clicks%3A+From+the+periphery+of+language+to+the+heart+of+grammar%2E+Journal+of+Pragmatics%2C+229%2E+19%E2%80%9339%2E)
8. Ben-Moshe, Yotam & Yael Maschler. 2024b. Requests for confirmation sequences in Hebrew. Open Linguistics, 10(1). 20240028. https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2024-0028 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2024-0028)
9. Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad & Edward Finegan. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Biber%2C+Douglas%2C+Stig+Johansson%2C+Geoffrey+Leech%2C+Susan+Conrad+%26+Edward+Finegan%2E+1999%2E+Longman+Grammar+of+Spoken+and+Written+English%2E+London%3A+Longman%2E)
10. Boersma, Paul & David Weenink. 2025. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. [https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/](https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/) [Computer software]. Version 6.4.47. [↗](https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/)
11. Bybee, Joan. 2003. Mechanisms of change in grammaticization: The role of frequency. In Brian D. Joseph & Richard D. Janda (eds.), The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, 602–623. Oxford: Blackwell. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Bybee%2C+Joan%2E+2003%2E+Mechanisms+of+change+in+grammaticization%3A+The+role+of+frequency%2E+In+Brian+D%2E+Joseph+%26+Richard+D%2E+Janda+%28eds%2E%29%2C+The+Handbook+of+Historical+Linguistics%2C+602%E2%80%93623%2E+Oxford%3A+Blackwell%2E)
12. Calude, Andreea S. 2008. Demonstrative clefts and double cleft constructions in spontaneous spoken English. Studia Linguistica, 62(1). 78–118. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Calude%2C+Andreea+S%2E+2008%2E+Demonstrative+clefts+and+double+cleft+constructions+in+spontaneous+spoken+English%2E+Studia+Linguistica%2C+62%281%29%2E+78%E2%80%93118%2E)
13. Chafe, Wallace. 1994. Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chafe%2C+Wallace%2E+1994%2E+Discourse%2C+Consciousness%2C+and+Time%3A+The+Flow+and+Displacement+of+Conscious+Experience+in+Speaking+and+Writing%2E+Chicago%3A+University+of+Chicago+Press%2E)
14. Collins, Peter C. 1991. Cleft and Pseudo-Cleft Constructions in English. London and New York: Routledge. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Collins%2C+Peter+C%2E+1991%2E+Cleft+and+Pseudo%2DCleft+Constructions+in+English%2E+London+and+New+York%3A+Routledge%2E)
15. Cooperrider, Kensy, Natasha Abner & Susan Goldin-Meadow. 2018. The palm-up puzzle: Meanings and origins of a widespread form in gesture and sign. Frontiers in Communication, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2018.00023 [↗](https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2018.00023)
16. Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth & Margaret Selting. 2018. Interactional Linguistics: Studying Language in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Couper%2DKuhlen%2C+Elizabeth+%26+Margaret+Selting%2E+2018%2E+Interactional+Linguistics%3A+Studying+Language+in+Social+Interaction%2E+Cambridge%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2E)
17. De Cesare, Anna-Maria. 2014. Frequency, Forms and Functions of Cleft Constructions in Romance and Germanic: Contrastive, Corpus-Based Studies. Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=De+Cesare%2C+Anna%2DMaria%2E+2014%2E+Frequency%2C+Forms+and+Functions+of+Cleft+Constructions+in+Romance+and+Germanic%3A+Contrastive%2C+Corpus%2DBased+Studies%2E+Berlin%2C+M%C3%BCnchen%2C+Boston%3A+De+Gruyter+Mouton%2E)
18. Du Bois, John W. 2012. Representing Discourse. Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, University of California at Santa Barbara (Fall 2012 version). [https://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/research/santa-barbara-corpus](https://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/research/santa-barbara-corpus). [↗](https://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/research/santa-barbara-corpus)
19. Du Bois, John W. 2014. Towards a dialogic syntax. Cognitive Linguistics, 25(3). 359–410. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Du+Bois%2C+John+W%2E+2014%2E+Towards+a+dialogic+syntax%2E+Cognitive+Linguistics%2C+25%283%29%2E+359%E2%80%93410%2E)
20. Du Bois, John W., Susanna Cumming, Stephan Schuetze-Coburn & Paolino Danae. 1992. Discourse Transcription. Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics, vol. 4. Santa Barbara: Department of Linguistics, University of California, Santa Barbara. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Du+Bois%2C+John+W%2E%2C+Susanna+Cumming%2C+Stephan+Schuetze%2DCoburn+%26+Paolino+Danae%2E+1992%2E+Discourse+Transcription%2E+Santa+Barbara+Papers+in+Linguistics%2C+vol%2E+4%2E+Santa+Barbara%3A+Department+of+Linguistics%2C+Univer)
21. Erdmann, Peter. 1986. A note on reverse wh-clefts in English. In Dieter Kastovsky & Aleksander Szwedek (eds.) Linguistics across Historical and Geographical Boundaries: Vol 1: Linguistic Theory and Historical Linguistics. Vol 2: Descriptive, Contrastive, and Applied Linguistics. In Honour of Jacek Fisiak on the Occasion of His Fiftieth Birthday, 851-858. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Erdmann%2C+Peter%2E+1986%2E+A+note+on+reverse+wh%2Dclefts+in+English%2E+In+Dieter+Kastovsky+%26+Aleksander+Szwedek+%28eds%2E%29+Linguistics+across+Historical+and+Geographical+Boundaries%3A+Vol+1%3A+Linguistic+Theory+and+Hi)
22. Ford, Cecilia E., Barbara A . Fox & Sandra A . Thompson . 2002 . Constituency and the grammar of turn increments . In Cecilia E. Ford, Barbara A. Fox & Sandra A. Thompson (eds.), The Language of Turn and Sequence,14–38. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ford%2C+Cecilia+E%2E%2C+Barbara+A+%2E+Fox+%26+Sandra+A+%2E+Thompson+%2E+2002+%2E+Constituency+and+the+grammar+of+turn+increments+%2E+In+Cecilia+E%2E+Ford%2C+Barbara+A%2E+Fox+%26+Sandra+A%2E+Thompson+%28eds%2E%29%2C+The+Language+of+Turn+)
23. Garassino, Davide. 2014. Reverse Pseudo-cleft sentences in Italian and English: A contrastive analysis. Tra romanistica e germanistica: lingua, testo, cognizione e cultura/Between Romance and Germanic: language, text, cognition and culture, 55-74. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Garassino%2C+Davide%2E+2014%2E+Reverse+Pseudo%2Dcleft+sentences+in+Italian+and+English%3A+A+contrastive+analysis%2E+Tra+romanistica+e+germanistica%3A+lingua%2C+testo%2C+cognizione+e+cultura%2FBetween+Romance+and+Germanic)
24. Geluykens, Ronald. 1984. Focus phenomena in English: An empirical investigation into cleft and pseudo-cleft sentences. (Tech. Rep. No. 36). Antwerp: Universitaire Installing Antwerpen, Departement Germaanse. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Geluykens%2C+Ronald%2E+1984%2E+Focus+phenomena+in+English%3A+An+empirical+investigation+into+cleft+and+pseudo%2Dcleft+sentences%2E+%28Tech%2E+Rep%2E+No%2E+36%29%2E+Antwerp%3A+Universitaire+Installing+Antwerpen%2C+Departement+Ger)
25. Geluykens, Ronald. 1988. Five types of clefting in English discourse. Linguistics, 26. 823– 841. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Geluykens%2C+Ronald%2E+1988%2E+Five+types+of+clefting+in+English+discourse%2E+Linguistics%2C+26%2E+823%E2%80%93+841%2E)
26. Goffman, Erving. 1981. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Goffman%2C+Erving%2E+1981%2E+Forms+of+Talk%2E+Philadelphia%3A+University+of+Pennsylvania+Press%2E)
27. Goodwin, Charles. 2000. Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(10). 1489-1522. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Goodwin%2C+Charles%2E+2000%2E+Action+and+embodiment+within+situated+human+interaction%2E+Journal+of+Pragmatics%2C+32%2810%29%2E+1489%2D1522%2E)
28. Goodwin, Charles. 2018. Co-Operative Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Goodwin%2C+Charles%2E+2018%2E+Co%2DOperative+Action%2E+Cambridge%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2E)
29. Günthner, Susanne. 2011. Between emergence and sedimentation: Projecting constructions in German interactions. In Peter Auer & Stephan Pfänder (eds.), Constructions: Emerging and Emergent, 156-185. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=G%C3%BCnthner%2C+Susanne%2E+2011%2E+Between+emergence+and+sedimentation%3A+Projecting+constructions+in+German+interactions%2E+In+Peter+Auer+%26+Stephan+Pf%C3%A4nder+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Constructions%3A+Emerging+and+Emergent%2C+156%2D185%2E+Be)
30. Günthner, Susanne & Paul J. Hopper. 2010. Zeitlichkeit & sprachliche Strukturen: Pseudo-clefts im Englischen und Deutschen. Gesprächsforschung – Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion 11. 1–28. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=G%C3%BCnthner%2C+Susanne+%26+Paul+J%2E+Hopper%2E+2010%2E+Zeitlichkeit+%26+sprachliche+Strukturen%3A+Pseudo%2Dclefts+im+Englischen+und+Deutschen%2E+Gespr%C3%A4chsforschung+%E2%80%93+Online%2DZeitschrift+zur+verbalen+Interaktion+11%2E+1%E2%80%9328%2E)
31. Hopper, Paul J. 1987. Emergent grammar. In Jon Aske, Natasha Beery, Laura Michaelis, & Hana Filip (eds.), Proceedings of the thirteenth annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 13, 139-157. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hopper%2C+Paul+J%2E+1987%2E+Emergent+grammar%2E+In+Jon+Aske%2C+Natasha+Beery%2C+Laura+Michaelis%2C+%26+Hana+Filip+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Proceedings+of+the+thirteenth+annual+meeting+of+the+Berkeley+Linguistics+Society+13%2C+139%2D157%2E+)
32. Hopper, Paul J. 2001. Grammatical constructions and their discourse origins: Prototype or family resemblance? In Martin Pütz, Susanne Neimeier & René Dirven (eds.), Applied Cognitive Linguistics I: Theory and Language Acquisition, 109-129. Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hopper%2C+Paul+J%2E+2001%2E+Grammatical+constructions+and+their+discourse+origins%3A+Prototype+or+family+resemblance%3F+In+Martin+P%C3%BCtz%2C+Susanne+Neimeier+%26+Ren%C3%A9+Dirven+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Applied+Cognitive+Linguistics+I%3A+Th)
33. Hopper, Paul J. 2004. The openness of grammatical constructions. Proceedings from the Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 40(2). 153-175. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hopper%2C+Paul+J%2E+2004%2E+The+openness+of+grammatical+constructions%2E+Proceedings+from+the+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Chicago+Linguistic+Society%2C+40%282%29%2E+153%2D175%2E)
34. Hopper, Paul J. 2011. Emergent grammar and temporality in interactional linguistics. In Peter Auer & Stefan Pfänder (eds.), Constructions: Emerging and Emergent, 22–44. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hopper%2C+Paul+J%2E+2011%2E+Emergent+grammar+and+temporality+in+interactional+linguistics%2E+In+Peter+Auer+%26+Stefan+Pf%C3%A4nder+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Constructions%3A+Emerging+and+Emergent%2C+22%E2%80%9344%2E+Berlin%3A+Walter+de+Gruyter%2E)
35. Hopper, Paul J. 2020. Afterword. In Yael Maschler, Simona Pekarek Doehler, Jan Lindström, & Leelo Keevallik (eds.), Emergent Syntax for Conversation: Clausal Patterns and the Organization of Action, 331–338. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hopper%2C+Paul+J%2E+2020%2E+Afterword%2E+In+Yael+Maschler%2C+Simona+Pekarek+Doehler%2C+Jan+Lindstr%C3%B6m%2C+%26+Leelo+Keevallik+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Emergent+Syntax+for+Conversation%3A+Clausal+Patterns+and+the+Organization+of+Action%2C+3)
36. Hopper, Paul J. & Sandra A. Thompson. 2008. Projectability and clause combining in interaction. In Laury Ritva (ed.), Crosslinguistic Studies of Clause Combining: The Multifunctionality of Conjunctions, 99-123. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Hopper%2C+Paul+J%2E+%26+Sandra+A%2E+Thompson%2E+2008%2E+Projectability+and+clause+combining+in+interaction%2E+In+Laury+Ritva+%28ed%2E%29%2C+Crosslinguistic+Studies+of+Clause+Combining%3A+The+Multifunctionality+of+Conjunction)
37. Inbar, Anna. 2020. 'al tafkidey hareshimot basiax: nituax hamexvot hanilvot lereshimot basiax ha'ivri hadavur [‘On the functions of lists in discourse: The analysis of gestures coordinated with list constructions in spoken Israeli Hebrew’]. divrey haxug hayisre'eli levalshanut 22 [Proceedings of the 33 rd –35 th Annual Meetings of the Haiim Rosén Israeli Linguistic Society 22]. 69–84. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Inbar%2C+Anna%2E+2020%2E+%27al+tafkidey+hareshimot+basiax%3A+nituax+hamexvot+hanilvot+lereshimot+basiax+ha%27ivri+hadavur+%5B%E2%80%98On+the+functions+of+lists+in+discourse%3A+The+analysis+of+gestures+coordinated+with+list+c)
38. Inbar, Anna. 2022. The raised index finger gesture in Hebrew multimodal interaction. Gesture, 21(2/3). 264–295. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Inbar%2C+Anna%2E+2022%2E+The+raised+index+finger+gesture+in+Hebrew+multimodal+interaction%2E+Gesture%2C+21%282%2F3%29%2E+264%E2%80%93295%2E)
39. Inbar, Anna & Yael Maschler. 2023. Shared knowledge as an account for disaffiliative moves: Hebrew ki ‘because’-clauses accompanied by the Palm-Up Open-Hand Gesture. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 56(2). 141-164, DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2205302. [↗](https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2023.2205302)
40. Jespersen, Otto. 1949. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part VII. Copenhagen: E. Munksgaard. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Jespersen%2C+Otto%2E+1949%2E+A+Modern+English+Grammar+on+Historical+Principles%2E+Part+VII%2E+Copenhagen%3A+E%2E+Munksgaard%2E)
41. Johansson, Stig. 2001. The German and Norwegian correspondences to the English construction type that’s what. Linguistics, 39(3). 583-605. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Johansson%2C+Stig%2E+2001%2E+The+German+and+Norwegian+correspondences+to+the+English+construction+type+that%E2%80%99s+what%2E+Linguistics%2C+39%283%29%2E+583%2D605%2E)
42. Kendon, Adam. 2004. Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kendon%2C+Adam%2E+2004%2E+Gesture%3A+Visible+Action+as+Utterance%2E+Cambridge%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2E)
43. Küttner, Uwe-A. 2020. Tying sequences together with the [That’s + Wh-Clause] format: On (Retro-) sequential junctures in conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 53(2). 247–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2020.1739422 [↗](https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2020.1739422)
44. Lambrecht, Knut. 2001. A framework for the analysis of cleft constructions. Linguistics, 39(3). 463–516. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lambrecht%2C+Knut%2E+2001%2E+A+framework+for+the+analysis+of+cleft+constructions%2E+Linguistics%2C+39%283%29%2E+463%E2%80%93516%2E)
45. Linell, Per. 2009. Rethinking Language, Mind, and World Dialogically: Interactional and Contextual Theories of Human Sensemaking. Information Age Publishing. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Linell%2C+Per%2E+2009%2E+Rethinking+Language%2C+Mind%2C+and+World+Dialogically%3A+Interactional+and+Contextual+Theories+of+Human+Sensemaking%2E+Information+Age+Publishing%2E)
46. Marrese, Olivia H., Chase W. Raymond, Barbara A. Fox, Cecilia E. Ford & Megan Pielke. 2021. The grammar of obviousness: The Palm-Up gesture in argument sequences. Frontiers in Communication, 6, 663067. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.663067 [↗](https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.663067)
47. Maschler, Yael. 2017. The emergence of Hebrew loydea/loydat (‘I dunno MASC/FEM’) from interaction: Blurring the boundaries between discourse marker, pragmatic marker, and modal particle. In Andrea Sansò & Chiara Fedriani (eds.), Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles: New Perspectives, 37–69. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maschler%2C+Yael%2E+2017%2E+The+emergence+of+Hebrew+loydea%2Floydat+%28%E2%80%98I+dunno+MASC%2FFEM%E2%80%99%29+from+interaction%3A+Blurring+the+boundaries+between+discourse+marker%2C+pragmatic+marker%2C+and+modal+particle%2E+In+Andrea+San)
48. Maschler, Yael & Stav Fishman. 2020. From multi-clausality to discourse markerhood: The Hebrew ma she- ‘what that’ construction in pseudo-cleft-like structures. Journal of Pragmatics, 159. 73–97. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maschler%2C+Yael+%26+Stav+Fishman%2E+2020%2E+From+multi%2Dclausality+to+discourse+markerhood%3A+The+Hebrew+ma+she%2D+%E2%80%98what+that%E2%80%99+construction+in+pseudo%2Dcleft%2Dlike+structures%2E+Journal+of+Pragmatics%2C+159%2E+73%E2%80%9397%2E)
49. Maschler, Yael, Jan Lindström, & Elwys De Stefani. 2023. Pseudo-clefts: An interactional analysis across languages. In Elwys De Stefani, Jan Lindström & Yael Maschler (eds.), Pseudo-Clefts from a Comparative Pragmatic Typological Perspective. Special issue of Lingua, 291. Article 103538. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maschler%2C+Yael%2C+Jan+Lindstr%C3%B6m%2C+%26+Elwys+De+Stefani%2E+2023%2E+Pseudo%2Dclefts%3A+An+interactional+analysis+across+languages%2E+In+Elwys+De+Stefani%2C+Jan+Lindstr%C3%B6m+%26+Yael+Maschler+%28eds%2E%29%2C+Pseudo%2DClefts+from+a+Comp)
50. Maschler, Yael & Simona Pekarek Doehler. 2022. Pseudo-cleft-like structures in Hebrew and French conversation: The syntax-lexicon-body interface. Lingua 280. Article 103397. Maschler, Yael, Simona Pekarek Doehler, Jan Lindström & Leelo Keevallik. (forthc.). The grammar-body interface: [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maschler%2C+Yael+%26+Simona+Pekarek+Doehler%2E+2022%2E+Pseudo%2Dcleft%2Dlike+structures+in+Hebrew+and+French+conversation%3A+The+syntax%2Dlexicon%2Dbody+interface%2E+Lingua+280%2E+Article+103397%2E+Maschler%2C+Yael%2C+Simona+Pek)