---
title: "Using Multiple Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Discrimination"
description: "McRoy tackles word sense discrimination in unrestricted English text, meaning the choice of the right… 45 references, cited by 27 papers here."
authors: ["Susan W. McRoy"]
year: 1992
venue: "Computational Linguistics"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/J92-1001/"
licence: "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)"
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summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mcroy-1992-multiple-knowledge-sources-word-sense/"
---
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# Using Multiple Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Discrimination

**Authors:** [Susan W. McRoy](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/susan-w-mcroy/) · **Year:** 1992 · **Venue:** [Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/) ([Computational Linguistics 1992](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/cl/1992/)) · **Licence:** [CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (ACL Anthology, before 2016)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/J92-1001/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/J92-1001.pdf) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W2150272696)

**Citations:** 146 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [27](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mcroy-1992-multiple-knowledge-sources-word-sense/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
McRoy tackles word sense discrimination in unrestricted English text, meaning the choice of the right sense for each word without first building a complete syntactic or semantic representation of the sentence. Earlier systems relied on only a few cues at a time. This work combines many of them: syntactic tags, morphology, word frequencies, collocations, semantic context (clusters), selectional and role-related expectations, and syntactic restrictions. The method merges several lexicons (a generic one, plus lexicons tied to collocations, concretions, and specialized conceptual domains). A pre-parsing phase removes some ambiguities and sets baseline preferences. During parsing and interpretation, cues are weighed by how specific each one is, not by a fixed ranking of cue types. The approach was built into GE's TRUMP analyzer, which can assign sense tags even to sentences it cannot fully parse. The author reports that the system makes coarse sense selections reasonably well. The quantitative evaluation (Section 6) falls in the omitted part of the supplied text. The work matters because sense-tagged text could make information retrieval and machine translation more accurate without giving up robustness.

## Key points
- TRUMP's lexicon has nearly 10,000 root senses and 10,000 derivations, which gives about four candidate senses per word in a Wall Street Journal sentence.
- The author ranks syntactic tags, morphology, collocations, and word associations as the strongest cues. Role-related expectations are somewhat weaker but especially useful for prepositions.
- In the morphology example, *agreement* has 12 theoretically possible root-sense × affix-sense combinations, but only 4 actually occur, and one of those is deprecated.
- Collocations act as strong but defeasible preferences rather than hard filters. For example, *wait on* normally means 'serve', but a failed animacy expectation can override that reading, unlike the filtering used in Hirst (1987).
- The paper cites Krovetz (1989) as early evidence that sense tagging improves information retrieval.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [General Electric](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/companies/general-electric/) — Company, Boston, United States · 2 works · 515 citations

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🧭 Topics (2): [🧩 Morphology](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/morphology/) · 420 works · [🔀 Word sense disambiguation](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/word-sense-disambiguation/) · 87 works

## Cite

Cite as: Susan W. McRoy. 1992. Using Multiple Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Discrimination. Computational Linguistics.

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@article{mcroy1992using,
  title = {{Using Multiple Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Discrimination}},
  author = {Susan W. McRoy},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1992},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/J92-1001/}
}
```

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## References

45 references, 3 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

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*Updated 30 October 2026*