--- title: "Quantifying Text Reuse Across Three Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda" description: "The authors compare the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā (MS), Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā (KS), and Taittirīya Saṃhitā (TS) in two ritual sections… 4 references." authors: ["So Miyagawa", "Kyoko Amano", "Yuzuki Tsukagoshi", "Yuki Kyogoku"] year: 2026 venue: "Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing for the Digital Humanities" source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.nlp4dh-1.5/" doi: "10.18653/v1/2026.nlp4dh-1.5" licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)" licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License" canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/miyagawa-2026-quantifying-text-reuse-across-three/" --- [Elamur Research](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/miyagawa-2026-quantifying-text-reuse-across-three/) [home](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [papers](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/) / [2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/40/) / Quantifying Text Reuse Across Three Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda Recensions: Using Multi-Algorithm Computational Collation # Quantifying Text Reuse Across Three Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda Recensions: Using Multi-Algorithm Computational Collation **Authors:** So Miyagawa, Kyoko Amano, [Yuzuki Tsukagoshi](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yuzuki-tsukagoshi/) and Yuki Kyogoku · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing for the Digital Humanities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/nlp4dh/) ([International Conference on Natural Language Processing for the Digital Humanities 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/nlp4dh/2026/)) · **Publisher:** [Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/association-for-computational-linguistics/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) **Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.nlp4dh-1.5/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.nlp4dh-1.5.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2026.nlp4dh-1.5](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.nlp4dh-1.5) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7166887689) **Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) ## Summary The Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda survives in parallel recensions whose textual overlap had never been measured systematically. The authors compare the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā (MS), Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā (KS), and Taittirīya Saṃhitā (TS) in two ritual sections: Agnyupasthāna, the daily worship of the fires, and Punarādhāna, the re-establishment of the fires. Each section was prepared in a plain romanized form and a lemmatized form. For the analysis they built ICoMa (Intertextuality Collation Machine), a free browser-based tool that runs several similarity algorithms on the same data so that results can be checked against each other. Every independent algorithm ranks the pairs the same way: MS–KS closest, then KS–TS, then MS–TS. The two sections behave very differently. In Punarādhāna, MS and KS are nearly identical and follow the same order, while TS diverges, which points to direct borrowing. Agnyupasthāna shows moderate similarity spread across all three pairs. The authors read this as evidence that sections were transmitted along different paths and were fixed as texts at different times. The study also shows that character-level comparison of plain text suits these orally preserved sources well. ## Key points - **The tool:** ICoMa is written in TypeScript/React and reportedly supports ten script systems. It implements six measures: Levenshtein, character n-gram, word n-gram (Jaccard), character Jaccard, Smith–Waterman, and script-aware normalization. The character n-gram measure gave results identical to Levenshtein at window size n = 3, so five measures are independent. The tool and the data are openly released. - **Punarādhāna:** MS–KS coverage reached 93.5% (Levenshtein, plain text; 85% mean similarity). MS–TS coverage was only about 20%. - **Agnyupasthāna:** Coverage was 47–55% for MS–KS, 30–38% for KS–TS, and 27–34% for MS–TS. - **Negative control:** An unrelated MS chapter (Darśapūrṇamāsa-Mantras) scored only 1.9–3.1% coverage. The exception was Jaccard, which scored 5.7% on lemmatized and 13.0% on plain text, so the authors judge Jaccard alone too undiscriminating for this task. - **Data and setup:** The lemmatized texts were supplied by Oliver Hellwig, following Nehrdich et al. (2024). Thresholds were calibrated so that MS–KS Agnyupasthāna (lemmatized) scores about 50%. - **Stated limitations:** Thresholds were set by inspecting histograms by hand, the control was applied to only one section, and the study covers just two sections. *Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.* ## Institutions - [The University of Tokyo](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/the-university-of-tokyo/) — University, Tokyo, Japan · 90 works · 9,156 citations - [Kyoto University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/kyoto-university/) — University, Kyoto, Japan · 40 works · 8,235 citations - [Leipzig University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/leipzig-university/) — University, Leipzig, Germany · 26 works · 8,622 citations - [University of Tsukuba](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-tsukuba/) — University, Tsukuba, Japan · 4 works · 945 citations 📚 Shelves (4): [🎭 Arts and Humanities](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/) · 16,039 works · [🗣️ Language and Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/language-and-linguistics/) · 15,891 works · [📚 Literature and Literary Theory](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/literature-and-literary-theory/) · 519 works · [📜 Religious studies](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/shelves/arts-and-humanities/religious-studies/) · 226 works ## Cite Cite as: So Miyagawa, Kyoko Amano, Yuzuki Tsukagoshi and Yuki Kyogoku. 2026. Quantifying Text Reuse Across Three Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda Recensions: Using Multi-Algorithm Computational Collation. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing for the Digital Humanities. The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. ```bibtex @inproceedings{miyagawa2026quantifying, title = {{Quantifying Text Reuse Across Three Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda Recensions: Using Multi-Algorithm Computational Collation}}, author = {So Miyagawa, Kyoko Amano, Yuzuki Tsukagoshi and Yuki Kyogoku}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing for the Digital Humanities}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.18653/v1/2026.nlp4dh-1.5}, url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.nlp4dh-1.5} } ``` - [← previous Quantifying Speaker Embedding Phonological Rule Interactions in Accented Speech Synthesis](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/lertpetchpun-2026-quantifying-speaker-embedding-phonological-rule/) - [next → Quantifying the Accuracy and Cost Impact of Design Decisions in Budget-Constrained Agentic LLM Search](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/mccleary-2026-quantifying-accuracy-cost-impact-design/) - [↑ back to papers of 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/page/40/) ## References 4 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet. 1. Kyoko Amano. 2014–2015. Zur klärung der sprach-schichten in der maitrāyaṇī saṃhitā. Journal of Indological Studies, 26/27:1–36. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kyoko+Amano%2E+2014%E2%80%932015%2E+Zur+kl%C3%A4rung+der+sprach%2Dschichten+in+der+maitr%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87%C4%AB+sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81%2E+Journal+of+Indological+Studies%2C+26%2F27%3A1%E2%80%9336%2E) 2. Until now, Vedic parallel texts have generally been understood as branching solely from a common archetype. If the existence of borrowing relationships can indeed be demonstrated, this would offer a new perspective on the formation history of Vedic literature. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Until+now%2C+Vedic+parallel+texts+have+generally+been+understood+as+branching+solely+from+a+common+archetype%2E+If+the+existence+of+borrowing+relationships+can+indeed+be+demonstrated%2C+this+would+offer+a+n) 3. Kyoko Amano. 2019. The development of the uses of ha / ha vái / ha sma vái with or without the narrative perfect and language layers in the old Yajurveda-Saṃhitā texts. Lingua Posnaniensis, 61:11–24. [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kyoko+Amano%2E+2019%2E+The+development+of+the+uses+of+ha+%2F+ha+v%C3%A1i+%2F+ha+sma+v%C3%A1i+with+or+without+the+narrative+perfect+and+language+layers+in+the+old+Yajurveda%2DSa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81+texts%2E+Lingua+Posnaniensis%2C+61%3A11%E2%80%9324%2E) 4. Kyoko Amano. 2020. What is ‘knowledge’ justifying a ritual action? Uses of ya evaṃ veda / ya evaṃ vidvān in the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā. In C. Redard and 1 others, editors, Aux sources des liturgies indo-iraniennes, volume 10 of Collection Religions, Comparatisme – Histoire – Anthropologie, pages 39–68.… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Kyoko+Amano%2E+2020%2E+What+is+%E2%80%98knowledge%E2%80%99+justifying+a+ritual+action%3F+Uses+of+ya+eva%E1%B9%83+veda+%2F+ya+eva%E1%B9%83+vidv%C4%81n+in+the+Maitr%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87%C4%AB+Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81%2E+In+C%2E+Redard+and+1+others%2C+editors%2C+Aux+sources+des+liturgies+indo%2Di) *Updated 1 November 2026*