---
title: "SemEval-2026 Task 9 — paper by Naseem et al. (2026)"
description: "This shared task targets automatic detection of online polarization, meaning sharp antagonism… 92 references, cited by 61 papers here."
authors: ["Usman Naseem", "Robert Geislinger", "Ada Ren", "Sarah Kohail", "Rudy Garrido Veliz", "P Sam Sahil", "Yiran Zhang", "Marco Antonio Stranisci", "Idris Abdulmumin", "Özge Alacam", "Cengiz Acarturk", "Aisha Jabr", "Saba Anwar", "Abinew Ali Ayele", "Elena Tutubalina", "Aung Kyaw Htet", "Xintong Wang", "Surendrabikram Thapa", "Tanmoy Chakraborty", "Dheeraj Kodati", "Sahar Moradizeyveh", "Firoj Alam", "Ye Kyaw Thu", "Shantipriya Parida", "Ihsan Ayyub Qazi", "Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare", "Nelson Odhiambo", "Clemencia Siro", "Ibrahim Said Ahmad", "Adem Chanie Ali", "Martin Semmann", "Chris Biemann", "Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad", "Seid Muhie Yimam"]
year: 2026
venue: "Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (2026)"
source: "https://aclanthology.org/2026.semeval-1.453/"
doi: "10.18653/v1/2026.semeval-1.453"
licence: "CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)"
licence_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
summary_licence: "Elamur Cosmic License"
canonical: "https://research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/naseem-2026-semeval-2026-task-9-detecting/"
---
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# SemEval-2026 Task 9: Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural and Multievent Online Polarization

**Authors:** [Usman Naseem](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/usman-naseem/), [Robert Geislinger](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/robert-geislinger/), Ada Ren, [Sarah Kohail](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/sarah-kohail/), [Rudy Garrido Veliz](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/rudy-alexandro-garrido-veliz/), [P Sam Sahil](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/p-sam-sahil/), [Yiran Zhang](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/yiran-zhang/), [Marco Antonio Stranisci](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/marco-antonio-stranisci/), [Idris Abdulmumin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/idris-abdulmumin/), [Özge Alacam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/ozge-alacam/), [Cengiz Acarturk](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/cengiz-acarturk/), [Aisha Jabr](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/aisha-jabr/), Saba Anwar, [Abinew Ali Ayele](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/abinew-ali-ayele/), [Elena Tutubalina](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/elena-tutubalina/), Aung Kyaw Htet, Xintong Wang, [Surendrabikram Thapa](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/surendrabikram-thapa/), [Tanmoy Chakraborty](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/tanmoy-chakraborty/), Dheeraj Kodati, Sahar Moradizeyveh, [Firoj Alam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/firoj-alam/), Ye Kyaw Thu, Shantipriya Parida, Ihsan Ayyub Qazi, Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare, Nelson Odhiambo, [Clemencia Siro](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/clemencia-siro/), Ibrahim Said Ahmad, Adem Chanie Ali, [Martin Semmann](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/martin-semmann/), [Chris Biemann](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/chris-biemann/), [Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/shamsuddeen-hassan-muhammad/) and [Seid Muhie Yimam](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/authors/seid-muhie-yimam/) · **Year:** 2026 · **Venue:** [Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (2026)](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/) ([SemEval 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/venues/semeval/2026/)) · **Publisher:** [Association for Computational Linguistics](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/publishers/association-for-computational-linguistics/) · **Licence:** [CC BY 4.0 (ACL Anthology)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

**Links:** [Publisher's page](https://aclanthology.org/2026.semeval-1.453/) · [PDF](https://aclanthology.org/2026.semeval-1.453.pdf) · [DOI 10.18653/v1/2026.semeval-1.453](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.semeval-1.453) · [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/W7166875106)

**Citations:** 0 citations (OpenAlex, 2026-10-14) · [61](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/naseem-2026-semeval-2026-task-9-detecting/cited-by/) in our library, of the 149,439 papers whose bibliographies we read

## Summary
This shared task targets automatic detection of online polarization, meaning sharp antagonism between social, political or identity groups, in many languages, cultures and events. Earlier computational work mostly covered high-resource languages and single events. The organizers released POLAR, a multi-label dataset of more than 110K social media, news-comment and forum texts in 22 languages from seven language families. Some items were re-annotated from existing toxicity or hate speech corpora. Labeling combined crowdworkers on Mechanical Turk and Prolific with trained community annotators for low-resource languages, using guidelines adapted to each culture. The task has three levels: whether a text is polarized, the social dimension involved, and the rhetorical strategy used. Systems were ranked by macro F1 on Codabench. It was the most popular of the 12 SemEval-2026 tasks. Strong results came from different approaches:

* LoRA-tuned LLMs
* LLM stacking ensembles
* ensembles of multilingual encoders

No single method dominated. Agreement between annotators differed widely across languages, which suggests that polarization is partly a matter of perspective. The public dataset is a benchmark for cross-lingual and culturally aware polarization research.

## Key points
- POLAR contains 110,656 instances: 73,681 train, 3,687 dev and 33,288 test. Russian and Polish are included, but Ukrainian is not.
- The three subtasks are POLARDETECT (binary), POLARTYPE and POLARMANIFEST.
  - POLARTYPE labels: political, racial/ethnic, religious, gender/sexual, other.
  - POLARMANIFEST uses six labels: invalidation, a lack of empathy, dehumanization, vilification, stereotype, and extreme language.
  - POLARMANIFEST covers 18 languages, leaving out mya, ita, pol and rus.
- Participation exceeded 1,000 people and 10k Codabench submissions. Final submissions came from 67 teams, with 69 system papers. The 548 test-phase submissions split 267 / 161 / 120 across the three subtasks.
- Inter-annotator agreement ranged from 0.10 (German, Krippendorff's α) and 0.13 (Burmese) up to 0.83 (Khmer).
- The top teams used different methods:
  - **UTokyo Tsuruoka Lab** fine-tuned Gemma-3 with LoRA and used single-forward-pass inference.
  - **NYCU-NLP** stacked Gemma-3 27B, Mistral Small 3.2 and Phi-4, and had the most top-3 placements (38).
  - **SMASH** combined mDeBERTa, XLM-R and mBERT with per-class threshold calibration and placed first in Subtask 3.

*Our summary of the paper, in our own words — not its text. The work belongs to its authors; read it at the links above.*

## Institutions

- [Hamad bin Khalifa University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/hamad-bin-khalifa-university/) — University, Doha, Qatar · 144 works · 14,175 citations
- [Macquarie University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/macquarie-university/) — University, Sydney, Australia · 44 works · 5,778 citations
- [University of Turin](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-turin/) — University, Turin, Italy · 33 works · 6,637 citations
- [Universität Hamburg](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/universitat-hamburg/) — University, Hamburg, Germany · 81 works · 5,549 citations
- [Virginia Tech](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/virginia-tech/) — University, Blacksburg, United States · 39 works · 43,418 citations
- [Bielefeld University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bielefeld-university/) — University, Bielefeld, Germany · 35 works · 1,196 citations
- [Bahir Dar University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bahir-dar-university/) — University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia · 11 works · 261 citations
- [University of Pretoria](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/university-of-pretoria/) — University, Pretoria, South Africa · 9 works · 755 citations
- [Zayed University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/zayed-university/) — University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates · 6 works · 67 citations
- [Bayero University Kano](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/bayero-university-kano/) — University, Kano, Nigeria · 5 works · 1,285 citations
- [Lahore University of Management Sciences](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/lahore-university-of-management-sciences/) — University, Lahore, Pakistan · 3 works · 61 citations
- [Maseno University](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/universities/maseno-university/) — University, Kisumu, Kenya · 2 works · 61 citations

Also on the byline: [Indian Institute of Information Technology Senapati, Manipur](https://ror.org/052ndvg69).

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🧭 Topics (1): [🌍 Multilingual & cross-lingual NLP](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/topics/multilingual-nlp/) · 882 works

## Cite

Cite as: Usman Naseem, Robert Geislinger, Ada Ren, Sarah Kohail, Rudy Garrido Veliz, P Sam Sahil, Yiran Zhang, Marco Antonio Stranisci, Idris Abdulmumin, Özge Alacam, Cengiz Acarturk, Aisha Jabr, Saba Anwar, Abinew Ali Ayele, Elena Tutubalina, Aung Kyaw Htet, Xintong Wang, Surendrabikram Thapa, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Dheeraj Kodati, Sahar Moradizeyveh, Firoj Alam, Ye Kyaw Thu, Shantipriya Parida, Ihsan Ayyub Qazi, Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare, Nelson Odhiambo, Clemencia Siro, Ibrahim Said Ahmad, Adem Chanie Ali, Martin Semmann, Chris Biemann, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Seid Muhie Yimam. 2026. SemEval-2026 Task 9: Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural and Multievent Online Polarization. Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (2026).

The paper itself, not this page. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{naseem2026semeval,
  title = {{SemEval-2026 Task 9: Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural and Multievent Online Polarization}},
  author = {Usman Naseem, Robert Geislinger, Ada Ren, Sarah Kohail, Rudy Garrido Veliz, P Sam Sahil, Yiran Zhang, Marco Antonio Stranisci, Idris Abdulmumin, Özge Alacam, Cengiz Acarturk, Aisha Jabr, Saba Anwar, Abinew Ali Ayele, Elena Tutubalina, Aung Kyaw Htet, Xintong Wang, Surendrabikram Thapa, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Dheeraj Kodati, Sahar Moradizeyveh, Firoj Alam, Ye Kyaw Thu, Shantipriya Parida, Ihsan Ayyub Qazi, Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare, Nelson Odhiambo, Clemencia Siro, Ibrahim Said Ahmad, Adem Chanie Ali, Martin Semmann, Chris Biemann, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Seid Muhie Yimam},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (2026)},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2026.semeval-1.453},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.semeval-1.453}
}
```

- [← previous POLAR: A Benchmark for Multilingual, Multicultural, and Multi-Event Online Polarization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/naseem-2026-polar-benchmark-multilingual-multicultural-multi/)
- [next → MiMo-V2-Flash Technical Report](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/team-2026-llm-mimo-v2-flash-technical/)
- [↑ back to papers of 2026](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/2026/)

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78. Tanisha Sriram, Sathvika Kamali Shankar, Sowmya Anand, Rajalakshmi Sivanaiah, Angel Deborah S, and Mirnalinee TT. 2026. [DataBees at SemEval-2026 Task 9: Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural and Multievent Online Polarization](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/sriram-2026-databees-semeval-2026-task-9/). In Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation…
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83. Gemma Team, Aishwarya Kamath, Johan Ferret, Shreya Pathak, Nino Vieillard, Ramona Merhej, Sarah Perrin, Tatiana Matejovicova, Alexandre Ramé, Morgane Rivière, Louis Rouillard, Thomas Mesnard, Geoffrey Cideron, Jean bastien Grill, Sabela Ramos, Edouard Yvinec, Michelle Casbon, Etienne Pot, Ivo Penc… [find](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Gemma+Team%2C+Aishwarya+Kamath%2C+Johan+Ferret%2C+Shreya+Pathak%2C+Nino+Vieillard%2C+Ramona+Merhej%2C+Sarah+Perrin%2C+Tatiana+Matejovicova%2C+Alexandre+Rame%CC%81%2C+Morgane+Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Louis+Rouillard%2C+Thomas+Mesnard%2C+Geoffr)
84. GLM-4.5 Team, Aohan Zeng, Xin Lv, Qinkai Zheng, Zhenyu Hou, Bin Chen, Chengxing Xie, Cunxiang Wang, Da Yin, Hao Zeng, Jiajie Zhang, Kedong Wang, Lucen Zhong, Mingdao Liu, Rui Lu, Shulin Cao, Xiaohan Zhang, Xuancheng Huang, Yao Wei, and 152 others. 2025b. [GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC)…](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/team-2025-4-glm-4-5-agentic/)
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86. Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, Aurelien Rodriguez, Armand Joulin, Edouard Grave, and Guillaume Lample. 2023. [LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/touvron-2023-llama-open-efficient-foundation-language/). Prepri…
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92. Shih-Hung Wu, Yun-Kuang Liao, Shih-Siang Su, and Yi-Min Jian. 2026. [CYUT at SemEval-2026 Task 9: Monolingual vs. Multilingual LoRA Tuning for Multicultural and Multievent Polarization Detection](https://md.research.elamur.ai/free/en/papers/wu-2026-cyut-semeval-2026-task-9/). In Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2026), San Diego, Calif…

*Updated 2 November 2026*